Canada Judgment

Court of Appeal for Ontario

Bank of Montreal v. Dua

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01

Holding and result

The motion judge correctly found the appellants had defaulted on their obligations, that the bank was entitled to enforce the contractual terms and had no obligation to accommodate interest rate reductions, and that the counterclaim disclosed no reasonable cause of action; therefore summary judgment was appropriate and the appeal fails.

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed.

Orders

  • Appeal dismissed
  • Respondent entitled to costs fixed at $4,500 all inclusive
  • Appellants' mortgage reinstatement had been permitted by the motion judge upon payment of $3,000 in costs (paid)

02

Material facts

Parties

Bank of Montreal

Respondent Counsel: Mehrnaz Asad

Harpreet Kaur Dua also known as Harpreet Dua

Appellant Counsel: acting in person

Nanak Partap Singh also known as Nanak Singh

Appellant Counsel: acting in person

Amounts and remedies

  • Reinstatement Cost Paid: CAD 3,000
  • Costs Awarded to Respondent: CAD 4,500

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Civil Collection / Appeal From Judgment of Superior Court of Justice (motion for Summary Judgment)

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The appellants argued the motion judge erred in granting summary judgment and dismissing their counterclaim, alleging the bank acted inappropriately and unfairly and that the bank should have accommodated requests for reduced interest rates.
Respondent
The respondent bank argued the appellants defaulted on their mortgage, line of credit and Mastercard, that it was entitled to enforce the contracts and demand payment, that it had no obligation to reduce interest rates, and that the counterclaim disclosed no reasonable cause of action.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Contract law; motion judge's reasons (2025 ONSC 2816)

    Parties are bound by the express terms of their contracts; a lender is not required to reduce interest rates in the absence of agreement.

  2. 02

    Summary judgment doctrine; Superior Court rules and motion judge's reasons (2025 ONSC 2816)

    Summary judgment is appropriate where there is no genuine issue for trial and the pleadings disclose no reasonable cause of action.

  3. 03

    Mortgage contract law; motion judge's findings (2025 ONSC 2816)

    A mortgagor's failure to pay taxes or otherwise comply with mortgage obligations constitutes default entitling the mortgagee to enforce terms.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The motion judge correctly found the appellants had defaulted on their obligations, that the bank was entitled to enforce the contractual terms and had no obligation to accommodate interest rate reductions, and that the counterclaim disclosed no reasonable cause of action; therefore summary judgment was appropriate and the appeal fails.

Obiter and limits

  • The motion judge's conditional reinstatement of the mortgage on payment of $3,000 in costs was an appropriate equitable accommodation but did not alter the legal conclusion that the bank was entitled to judgment on the claims.

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed.

  • Appeal dismissed
  • Respondent entitled to costs fixed at $4,500 all inclusive
  • Appellants' mortgage reinstatement had been permitted by the motion judge upon payment of $3,000 in costs (paid)

Source and reliance status

Court of Appeal for Ontario · 15 April 2026

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Source document

Court of Appeal for Ontario

Judgment· 15 April 2026

2026 ONCA 265

Bank of Montreal v. Dua Collection Decisions of the Court of Appeal Date 2026-04-15 Neutral citation 2026 ONCA 265 Docket numbers COA-25-CV-1006 Judges Huscroft, Grant; George, Jonathon C.; Wilson, Darla A. Subject Civil Decision Content

COURT OF APPEAL FOR ONTARIO CITATION: Bank of Montreal v. Dua, 2026 ONCA 265 DATE: 20260415 DOCKET: COA-25-CV-1006 Huscroft, George and Wilson JJ.A.

BETWEEN Bank of Montreal Plaintiff/Defendant by Counterclaim (Respondent) and Harpreet Kaur Dua also known as Harpreet Dua and Nanak Partap Singh also known as Nanak Singh Defendants/Plaintiffs by Counterclaim (Appellants) Harpreet Kaur Dua also known as Harpreet Dua, acting in person Nanak Partap Singh also known as Nanak Singh, acting in person Mehrnaz Asad, for the respondent Heard: April 7, 2026 On appeal from the judgment of Justice Vanessa V. Christie of the Superior Court of Justice, dated May 7, 2025, with reasons at 2025 ONSC 2816.

REASONS FOR DECISION [1] The appellants defaulted on their mortgage with the respondent bank by failing to pay property taxes as required. In addition, the motion judge found that the appellants defaulted on their line of credit and Mastercard. [2] The motion judge permitted the appellants to reinstate the mortgage provided that they paid $3,000 in costs, and they have since done so. However, the appellants argue that the motion judge erred in granting the respondent’s summary judgment motion and dismissing the appellants’ counterclaim, and they maintain that the respondent acted inappropriately and unfairly throughout its dealings with them. [3] We do not agree. [4] We see no errors in the motion judge’s decision as to the appellants’ liabilities. Her findings preclude success on the appellants’ counterclaim. The respondent bank was under no obligation to “accommodate” the appellants’ request for interest rate reductions and is entitled to insist on payment in accordance with the terms of the contracts. The motion judge properly found that the counterclaim disclosed no reasonable cause of action. [5] The appeal is dismissed. [6] The respondent is entitled to its costs fixed at $4,500 all inclusive. “Grant Huscroft J.A.” “J. George J.A.” “D.A. Wilson J.A.”

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Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

Bank of Montreal v. Dua, 2025 ONSC 2816

Case cited

Bank of Montreal v. Dua, 2026 ONCA 265

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