Farmer v. Farmer Estate
- Citation
- 2026 ONCA 50
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- Canada
- Court
- Court of Appeal for Ontario
- Decision
- 27 January 2026
- Posture
- Civil Appeal / Court of Appeal Decision
- Language
- English
More details
- Court
- Court of Appeal for Ontario
- Decision
- 27 January 2026
- Posture
- Civil Appeal / Court of Appeal Decision
- Language
- English
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
The appeal fails because the trial judge's findings on donative intent, the sufficiency of corroboration and independence of witnesses, and the executor's conduct were findings of fact without error of law or basis for interference; therefore the Court of Appeal will not reweigh the evidence and dismisses the appeal, upholding the trial judge's determinations and costs award.
Court disposition
Appeal dismissed in its entirety
Orders
- Appeal dismissed
- Respondents awarded costs of the appeal on a substantial indemnity basis in the amount of $11,000
- Leave to appeal costs denied
02
Material facts
Parties
Kyrle Blake Farmer
Applicant (appellant) Counsel: Jonathan P.M. CollingsThe Estate of Winnifred Grace Farmer
RespondentRobert Eric Farmer
Respondent Counsel: Neil MiltonPeter Ross Farmer
RespondentAmounts and remedies
- Costs Awarded: CAD 11,000
03
Procedural history
Posture
Civil Appeal / Court of Appeal Decision
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
Whether the trial judge erred in finding donative intent regarding funds in the testator's bank account
- 02
Whether corroboration was required for the evidence of Eric Farmer and whether other witnesses were sufficiently independent
- 03
Whether Eric Farmer was disentitled to fees for administering the estate due to misconduct
- 04
Whether costs should have been awarded on a substantial indemnity basis and whether leave to appeal costs should be granted
Party arguments
- Applicant
- The appellant submitted the trial judge erred in finding donative intent for the bank account funds, should have required independent corroboration of Eric Farmer's evidence because other respondents' testimony was not sufficiently independent, Eric should be disentitled from administration fees due to misconduct, and costs should not have been awarded on a substantial indemnity basis.
- Respondent
- The respondents submitted the trial judge properly found donative intent based on the evidence, that testimony from Peter Ross and Kathleen was against their pecuniary interest and therefore sufficiently independent so corroboration was not required, that Eric faithfully discharged his duties so there was no basis to deny fees, and that the costs award on a substantial indemnity basis was appropriate; further, the costs issue was not argued below so leave to appeal costs should be denied.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
Reasons for decision, para 1
An appellate court will not reweigh evidence or substitute its view for a trial judge's findings of fact absent an error of law or palpable and overriding error.
- 02
Reasons for decision, para 1
Testimony that is adverse to a witness's pecuniary interest can constitute sufficient corroboration or be treated as sufficiently independent for evidentiary purposes.
- 03
Reasons for decision, para 2
Findings that an executor discharged duties faithfully are findings of fact entitled to deference and will not be disturbed without a basis to interfere.
- 04
Reasons for decision, para 3
Appellate review of costs may be denied where the issue was not argued at trial and leave to appeal costs can be refused on that basis.
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
The appeal fails because the trial judge's findings on donative intent, the sufficiency of corroboration and independence of witnesses, and the executor's conduct were findings of fact without error of law or basis for interference; therefore the Court of Appeal will not reweigh the evidence and dismisses the appeal, upholding the trial judge's determinations and costs award.
Obiter and limits
- The trial judge was entitled to find the evidence of witnesses who acted against their pecuniary interest sufficiently independent for corroboration purposes.
- Because the appellant did not raise the costs issue below, the court would deny leave to appeal the costs award.
Court disposition
Appeal dismissed in its entirety
- Appeal dismissed
- Respondents awarded costs of the appeal on a substantial indemnity basis in the amount of $11,000
- Leave to appeal costs denied
Source and reliance status
Court of Appeal for Ontario · 27 January 2026
This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.
Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
Court of Appeal for Ontario
Judgment· 27 January 2026
Farmer v. Farmer Estate Collection Decisions of the Court of Appeal Date 2026-01-27 Neutral citation 2026 ONCA 50 Docket numbers COA-25-CV-0649 Judges Miller, Bradley; Monahan, Patrick J.; Pomerance, Renee M. Subject Civil Decision Content
COURT OF APPEAL FOR ONTARIO CITATION: Farmer v. Farmer Estate, 2026 ONCA 50 DATE: 20260127 DOCKET: COA-25-CV-0649 Miller, Monahan and Pomerance JJ.A. In the Estate of Winnifred Grace Farmer, deceased
BETWEEN Kyrle Blake Farmer Applicant (Appellant) and The Estate of Winnifred Grace Farmer, and Robert Eric Farmer, in his personal capacity and in his capacity as the personal representative of the Estate of Winifred Grace Farmer, and Peter Ross Farmer Respondents (Respondents) Jonathan P.M. Collings, for the appellant Neil Milton, for the respondent Robert Eric Farmer No one appearing for the respondent Peter Ross Farmer Heard and rendered orally: January 26, 2026 On appeal from the order of Justice Kevin B. Phillips of the Superior Court of Justice, dated April 25, 2025.
REASONS FOR DECISION [1] The appellant argues that the trial judge erred in finding a donative intent with respect to the funds in the testator’s bank account. He argues that the trial judge erred in not requiring corroboration with respect to the respondent Eric Farmer’s evidence. He argues that the evidence of the other respondents is not sufficiently independent for that purpose. The trial judge, however, was impressed that the evidence of Peter Ross and Kathleen were against their pecuniary interest and was therefore sufficiently independent. Although the appellant characterizes the submission as an error of law, it is in reality an invitation to the court to reweigh the evidence. That is not the function of this court and we decline to do so. [2] The appellant also argues that the trial judge erred in not finding that Eric was disentitled to fees for administering the estate because of misconduct. However, the trial judge found that Eric discharged his duties faithfully and there is no basis on which we could interfere with that finding. [3] The appellant argues that costs should not have been awarded on a substantial indemnity basis. However, the appellant did not argue this below, and we would accordingly deny leave to appeal costs. [4] The appeal is dismissed in its entirety. [5] The respondents are awarded costs of the appeal on a substantial indemnity basis in the amount of $11,000. “B.W. Miller J.A.” “P.J. Monahan J.A.” “R. Pomerance J.A.”
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