Fire v. Longtin
- Citation
- [1995] 4 SCR 3
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- Canada
- Court
- Supreme Court of Canada
- Decision
- 19 October 1995
- Posture
- Appeal to Supreme Court of Canada Concerning Property Title Under the Registry Act / Final Judgment on Appeal (decision)
- Language
- English
More details
- Court
- Supreme Court of Canada
- Decision
- 19 October 1995
- Posture
- Appeal to Supreme Court of Canada Concerning Property Title Under the Registry Act / Final Judgment on Appeal (decision)
- Language
- English
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
The Registry Act requires only a forty-year root of title search; a purchaser who relies on the registered chain of title within that forty-year period acquires title that is not defeated by an earlier registered claim falling outside the forty-year period, and therefore the appellants' earlier 1941 registration did not prevail over the respondents' title obtained by purchase in 1983.
Court disposition
Appeal dismissed
Orders
- Appeal dismissed with costs
- Reasons of the Ontario Court of Appeal (1994), 17 O.R. (3d) 418 adopted in their entirety
02
Material facts
Parties
Philip Keith Fire
Appellant Counsel: Michael C. Birley; Christine M. SilversidesCathy Fran Fire
Appellant Counsel: Michael C. Birley; Christine M. SilversidesSamuel Fire
Appellant Counsel: Michael C. Birley; Christine M. SilversidesGeorges-André Longtin
Respondent Counsel: Roger Mills; David C. Thompson, Q.C.Gloria G. Longtin
Respondent Counsel: Roger Mills; David C. Thompson, Q.C.The Canadian Bar Association - Ontario
Intervener Counsel: Gerald L. R. Ranking; W. Kirk Russell; Douglas J. LosAmounts and remedies
- Root of Title Limit Years: 40
03
Procedural history
Posture
Appeal to Supreme Court of Canada Concerning Property Title Under the Registry Act / Final Judgment on Appeal (decision)
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
Whether a purchaser who conducts the statutorily prescribed 40-year title search can rely on registered title within that period to defeat an earlier registered claim falling outside the 40-year period
- 02
Whether the Registry Act operates to prevent an earlier registered owner from asserting title against a later purchaser who relied on the registry within the statutory search period
- 03
Effect of a surveying/registration error on competing registered interests
Party arguments
- Applicant
- Appellants argued they held fee simple registered in 1941 and that a surveying/registration error did not extinguish their earlier registered title; the Registry Act cannot be construed to strip a prior registered owner of title when that prior registration existed but fell outside a purchaser's 40-year search window.
- Respondent
- Respondents argued they purchased in 1983 and, under the Registry Act and the statutory scheme limiting root of title requirements to the prior forty years, were entitled to rely on their predecessors' registered title within that period and therefore that the appellants' 1941 registration did not defeat their title.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
Registry Act; Ontario Court of Appeal (1994), 17 O.R. (3d) 418
Under the Registry Act a purchaser need only establish a good root of title going back forty years for the purposes of the registry system
- 02
Registry Act; case law (Ontario Court of Appeal reasons adopted by SCC)
A purchaser who properly relies on the chain of registered title within the statutory search period is protected against conflicting registered interests that fall outside that period
- 03
Registry Act; Court of Appeal decision adopted by Supreme Court of Canada
Registration errors can determine competing rights under the registry system where the statutory search limits allow later registrants to prevail
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
The Registry Act requires only a forty-year root of title search; a purchaser who relies on the registered chain of title within that forty-year period acquires title that is not defeated by an earlier registered claim falling outside the forty-year period, and therefore the appellants' earlier 1941 registration did not prevail over the respondents' title obtained by purchase in 1983.
Court disposition
Appeal dismissed
- Appeal dismissed with costs
- Reasons of the Ontario Court of Appeal (1994), 17 O.R. (3d) 418 adopted in their entirety
Source and reliance status
Supreme Court of Canada · 19 October 1995
This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.
Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
Supreme Court of Canada
Judgment· 19 October 1995
Fire v. Longtin Collection Supreme Court Judgments Date 1995-10-19 Report [1995] 4 SCR 3 Case number 24148 Judges Sopinka, John; Cory, Peter deCarteret; McLachlin, Beverley; Iacobucci, Frank; Major, John C. On appeal from Ontario Subjects Property law Notes SCC Case Information: 24148 Decision Content Fire v. Longtin, [1995] 4 S.C.R. 3 Philip Keith Fire, Cathy Fran Fire and Samuel Fire Appellants v. Georges‑André Longtin and Gloria G. Longtin Respondents and The Canadian Bar Association ‑‑ Ontario Intervener Indexed as: Fire v. Longtin File No.: 24148. 1995: October 4; 1995: October 19. Present: Sopinka, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ. on appeal from the court of appeal for ontario Property law ‑‑ Real property ‑‑ Registry system ‑‑ Chains of title ‑‑ Conveyancing ‑‑ Need to establish good root of title only within prior forty years. Owing to a surveying error, the respondents' predecessors in title were registered as owners of a five-foot strip of land, being part of the appellant's claim in fee simple that had been registered in 1941. The respondents, who purchased the property that included the land in issue in 1983, claim title on the basis that the Registry Act requires title searches to go back only forty years. This allowed them to rely on their predecessors' registered title during that period and ignore the appellants' registered claim that fell outside that
period. The trial judge held that the Registry Act could not have such an effect and that the appellants had not lost their title; this judgment was reversed on appeal. Held: The appeal should be dismissed. The appeal was dismissed for the unanimous reasons of the Court of Appeal which were adopted in their entirety. APPEAL from a judgment of the Ontario Court of Appeal (1994), 17 O.R. (3d) 418, 70 O.A.C. 226, 112 D.L.R. (4th) 34, 38 R.P.R. (2d) 1, allowing an appeal from a judgment of MacLeod J. Appeal dismissed. Michael C. Birley and Christine M. Silversides, for the appellants. Roger Mills and David C. Thompson, Q.C., for the respondents. Gerald L. R. Ranking, W. Kirk Russell and Douglas J. Los, for the intervener. The following is the judgment delivered by I. The Court -- We adopt in their entirety the reasons for judgment delivered by McKinlay J.A. speaking for a unanimous Court of Appeal (1994), 17 O.R. (3d) 418. Accordingly, the appeal is dismissed with costs. Appeal dismissed with costs. Solicitors for the appellants: Shibley, Righton, Toronto. Solicitors for the respondents: Bell, Baker, Ottawa. Solicitors for the intervener: Fasken, Campbell, Godfrey, Toronto.
Case-aware research
Ask AI about this case
The judgment and available research above are public. New questions open in a separate private conversation grounded in this case.