Canada Judgment

Supreme Court of Canada

Foran v. Kapellas

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The appeal was dismissed because the appellant failed to establish that the post-1966 deterioration in her health was caused by the accident, and the appellate court will not disturb the trial judge's factual findings in the absence of error.

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed with costs

Orders

  • Appeal dismissed with costs.
  • Judgment of the Court of Appeal for Ontario affirming the trial judgment is upheld.
  • Trial judgment awarding general damages of $12,000 and special damages of $5,859.58 is affirmed.

02

Material facts

Parties

Mary E. Foran

Appellant Counsel: in person

Spyros Kapellas

Respondent Counsel: B. O'Brien, Q.C.

Elizabeth L. Smith

Respondent Counsel: B. O'Brien, Q.C.

Amounts and remedies

  • General Damages Awarded: CAD 12,000
  • Special Damages Awarded: CAD 5,859.58
  • Defendant Liability Percentage: 100

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Torts Motor Vehicle Accident / Appeal to Supreme Court of Canada From the Court of Appeal for Ontario

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
Appellant sought an increase in damages to compensate for a deterioration in her health and nervous condition after 1966 which she attributed to the 1964 motor vehicle accident.
Respondent
Respondents argued that the trial judge correctly found the post-1966 deterioration was not attributable to the accident and that the awards for general and special damages were proper; the Court of Appeal's affirmation should stand.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    General tort law principle applied by trial and appellate courts

    Causation in tort requires proof that the injury or subsequent deterioration was attributable to the defendant's tortious act.

  2. 02

    Principle of appellate deference to trial findings (Court of Appeal/Supreme Court practice)

    Appellate courts will not interfere with a trial judge's findings of fact unless there is a palpable and overriding error.

  3. 03

    Principles of assessment of damages in tort law

    Damages are categorized as general and special; plaintiff bears burden of proof to establish entitlement to and quantum of damages.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The appeal was dismissed because the appellant failed to establish that the post-1966 deterioration in her health was caused by the accident, and the appellate court will not disturb the trial judge's factual findings in the absence of error.

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed with costs

  • Appeal dismissed with costs.
  • Judgment of the Court of Appeal for Ontario affirming the trial judgment is upheld.
  • Trial judgment awarding general damages of $12,000 and special damages of $5,859.58 is affirmed.

Source and reliance status

Supreme Court of Canada · 21 December 1973

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Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Supreme Court of Canada

Judgment· 21 December 1973

[1975] 1 SCR 46

Foran v. Kapellas Collection Supreme Court Judgments Date 1973-12-21 Report [1975] 1 SCR 46 Judges Judson, Wilfred; Ritchie, Roland Almon; Spence, Wishart Flett; Laskin, Bora; Dickson, Robert George Brian On appeal from Ontario Subjects Torts Decision Content Supreme Court of Canada Foran v. Kapellas, [1975] 1 S.C.R. 46 Date: 1973-12-21 Mary E. Foran (Plaintiff) Appellant; and Spyros Kapellas and Elizabeth L. Smith (Defendants) Respondents. 1973: October 11; 1973: December 21. Present: Judson, Ritchie, Spence, Laskin and Dickson JJ. ON APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF APPEAL FOR ONTARIO. Damages—Motor vehicle accident—Whether deterioration of health caused by motor vehicle accident. APPEAL from a judgment of the Court of Appeal for Ontario affirming the judgment of Henderson J. at trial. Appeal dismissed with costs. Mary E. Foran, in person. B. O’Brien, Q.C., for the respondents. The judgment of the Court was delivered by RITCHIE J.—This is an appeal from a judgment rendered by Mr. Justice Aylesworth on behalf of the Court of Appeal for Ontario affirming the judgment rendered by Mr. Justice Henderson at trial whereby he awarded the appellant general damages in the amount of $12,000 and special damages of $5,859.58 in respect of injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident which occurred on October 8, 1964, for which Spyros Kapellas was found to have been 100 per cent responsible. The

appellant, who appeared in person, sought to have the amount of damages increased so as to compensate her for a deterioration in her health and nervous condition after the year 1966 which the learned trial judge had expressly found not to be attributable to the accident. After a careful consideration of the arguments presented by the appellant and counsel for the respondent, I have concluded that there is nothing which I can usefully add to the reasons for judgment delivered by Aylesworth J.A. on behalf of the Court of Appeal for Ontario, affirming the reasons and conclusion of the learned trial judge, with which I am in full agreement. I would accordingly dismiss this appeal with costs. Appeal dismissed with costs. The plaintiff, appellant in person. Solicitor for the defendants, respondents: Shearer & Coo, Toronto.

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