Canada Judgment

Supreme Court of Canada

Gauthier v. Jacobs

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The Court held that the fire did not render occupation of the premises reasonably impossible; therefore the lease remained in force and the appellant as owner was obliged to repair and restore the premises. Consequently the appeal was dismissed and the lower courts' judgments ordering repairs were affirmed.

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed with costs

Orders

  • Appeal dismissed with costs
  • Judgment of the Court of King’s Bench affirmed
  • Respondent entitled to have appellant repair and restore the premises to their pre‑fire condition

02

Material facts

Parties

Gauthier

Appellant Counsel: R. Taschereau K.C.

Jacobs

Respondent Counsel: E. Languedoc K.C.

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Appeal From Court of King's Bench (quebec) Concerning Lease Repair Obligation / Supreme Court of Canada Judgment (final Appeal)

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
Appellant argued that the fire so substantially damaged the premises that occupation became reasonably impossible and the lease therefore terminated, absolving the appellant of repair obligations.
Respondent
Respondent argued that occupation was not rendered reasonably impossible, that the lease remained in force, and that the appellant as owner was obligated to repair and restore the premises to their pre‑fire condition.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Art. 1660 Civil Code of Quebec; applicable civil law principles and case law

    A lease continues unless occupation is rendered reasonably impossible by damage such as fire; reasonable impossibility is the test for termination by force majeure.

  2. 02

    Lease clause; Art. 1660 Civil Code of Quebec

    Where a lease does not terminate, the lessor remains bound to repair and restore premises damaged by fire as per the lease terms and civil code.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The Court held that the fire did not render occupation of the premises reasonably impossible; therefore the lease remained in force and the appellant as owner was obliged to repair and restore the premises. Consequently the appeal was dismissed and the lower courts' judgments ordering repairs were affirmed.

Obiter and limits

  • The appeal was dismissed after argument for the appellant without calling the respondent's counsel to reply.
  • Extent of damage to upper floors versus lower stories was relevant to the finding that occupation remained reasonably possible.

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed with costs

  • Appeal dismissed with costs
  • Judgment of the Court of King’s Bench affirmed
  • Respondent entitled to have appellant repair and restore the premises to their pre‑fire condition

Source and reliance status

Supreme Court of Canada · 19 May 1927

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Supreme Court of Canada

Judgment· 19 May 1927

[1928] SCR 83

Gauthier v. Jacobs Collection Supreme Court Judgments Date 1927-05-19 Report [1928] SCR 83 Judges Anglin, Francis Alexander; Mignault, Pierre-Basile; Newcombe, Edmund Leslie; Rinfret, Thibaudeau; Lamont, John Henderson On appeal from Quebec Subjects Lease Decision Content Supreme Court of Canada Gauthier v. Jacobs, [1928] S.C.R. 83 Date: 1927-05-19 Gauthier v. Jacobs 1927: May 19. Present: Anglin C.J.C. and Mignault, Newcombe, Rinfret and Lamont JJ. ON APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF KING’S BENCH, APPEAL SIDE, PROVINCE OF QUEBEC Lease—Landlord and tenant—Repairs due to fire—Clause in the lease— “Repairs”—Art. 1660 C.C. APPEAL from the decision of the Court of King’s Bench, appeal side, province of Quebec[1] affirming the judgment of the trial judge, Surveyer J., and maintaining the respondent’s action asking for repairs by the appellant as owner to a building rented and partially destroyed by fire. On the 28th July, 1921, the appellant leased to the respondent certain manufacturing premises on Campion street in Montreal for a period of ten years from the 1st May, 1922. On the 17th March, 1926, a fire occurred which destroyed the roof, part of the floor and all the windows on the third floor, but the lower stories seem only to have been damaged by water and smoke, although many of the other windows were broken. On the 29th of March, 1926, the respondent took action against the

appellant to have him ordered to proceed to repair and restore the premises to the condition in which they were prior to the fire and in default to have the respondent authorized to do so, at the cost, expense and charge of the appellant. The plea sets forth that the damages caused by the fire were so great that it had become reasonably impossible to occupy the premises and, therefore, the lease had come to an end. The Superior Court maintained the action holding that the fire did not render the occupation of the premises reasonably impossible, and the Court of King’s Bench affirmed this judgment. The Supreme Court of Canada, at the conclusion of the argument of the appellant’s counsel and without calling in the respondent’s counsel, dismissed the appeal with costs. Appeal dismissed with costs. R. Taschereau K.C. for the appellant. E. Languedoc, K.C. for the respondent. [1] (1926) Q.R. 42 K.B. 225.

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Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

(1926) Q.R. 42 K.B. 225

Case cited

[1928] S.C.R. 83

Case cited

Art. 1660 Civil Code of Quebec

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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