Canada Judgment

Federal Court

Ikpefan v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)

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Professional case brief

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The Officer reasonably concluded there was insufficient evidence of the provenance of funds based on the bank statements (unidentified account, one-month statement, unexplained $35,000 deposit) and, under Regulation 220 of the IRPA, a study permit cannot be issued without demonstrated sufficient financial resources; accordingly the refusal was reasonable and the judicial review is dismissed.

Court disposition

Leave to bring judicial review granted; application for judicial review dismissed.

Orders

  • Application for leave to bring the application for judicial review is granted.
  • The application for judicial review is dismissed.
  • There is no order regarding costs.
  • There is no question of general importance for certification.

02

Material facts

Parties

OAIKHENA OMOZERE IKPEFAN

Applicant Counsel: Cedric Marin

THE MINISTER OF CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION

Respondent Counsel: Leah Bowes

Amounts and remedies

  • Unexplained Deposit: CAD 35,000

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Judicial Review Study Permit Refusal / Leave Granted; Judicial Review Dismissed

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
Applicant argued the provided bank statements and study plan were sufficient and that the Officer erred in finding insufficient evidence of funds and in assessing the study plan, seeking judicial review to quash the refusal.
Respondent
Respondent argued the Officer reasonably found the provenance of funds was not established (unidentified account, one-month statement, and a large unexplained $35,000 deposit) and relied on Regulation 220 requiring demonstration of sufficient funds; even if study plan findings were unreasonable, the regulation’s strict operation upheld the refusal.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations (Regulation 220)

    Regulation 220 prohibits issuance of a study permit unless sufficient financial resources are demonstrated

  2. 02

    Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v Vavilov, 2019 SCC 65

    Court will not intervene absent sufficiently serious shortcomings in the administrative decision

  3. 03

    Ugorji v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2025 FC 571

    Provenance of funds must be established where bank records are incomplete or show unexplained large deposits

  4. 04

    Davoodabadi v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2024 FC 85

    Strict operation of Regulation 220 upheld in assessing study permit refusals

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The Officer reasonably concluded there was insufficient evidence of the provenance of funds based on the bank statements (unidentified account, one-month statement, unexplained $35,000 deposit) and, under Regulation 220 of the IRPA, a study permit cannot be issued without demonstrated sufficient financial resources; accordingly the refusal was reasonable and the judicial review is dismissed.

Obiter and limits

  • Court expressed concern about the reasonableness of the Officer’s findings regarding the study plan but held that even if those findings were unreasonable they would not displace the strict operation of Regulation 220.
  • Case was processed under the Court’s Study Permit Pilot Project and leave to bring the application was granted as part of that process.

Court disposition

Leave to bring judicial review granted; application for judicial review dismissed.

  • Application for leave to bring the application for judicial review is granted.
  • The application for judicial review is dismissed.
  • There is no order regarding costs.
  • There is no question of general importance for certification.

Source and reliance status

Federal Court · 28 May 2025

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Judgment text

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Source document

Federal Court

Judgment· 28 May 2025

2025 FC 962

Ikpefan v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) Court (s) Database Federal Court Decisions Date 2025-05-28 Neutral citation 2025 FC 962 File numbers IMM-3892-25 Decision Content Date: 20250528 Docket: IMM-3892-25 Citation: 2025 FC 962 Toronto, Ontario, May 28, 2025 PRESENT: The Honourable Justice Battista BETWEEN:

OAIKHENA OMOZERE IKPEFAN Applicant and

THE MINISTER OF CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION Respondent

JUDGMENT AND REASONS (Simplified Procedure-Study Permit Pilot Project) [1] The Applicant applied for a study permit to study in the Agri-Business Management Program at Fanshawe College. That application was refused because an Officer of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada was not satisfied that the Applicant had access to sufficient funds for his studies, and because of the Officer’s concerns about the Applicant’s study plan. [2] This case was dealt with in writing, on consent of the parties, as part of the Court’s Study Permit Pilot Project. I grant leave to commence the judicial review application, but I dismiss the application for judicial review. [3] The Officer’s concerns about the Applicant’s finances focused on two bank statements provided by the Applicant’s brother who resides in Australia. [4] The Officer was concerned that the first bank statement did not indicate the owner of the account and represented only one month of transactions. Reviewing the bank statement, this concern is reasonable. The Officer was reasonable in finding that there was not enough evidence about how the funds in this account accumulated (i.e., their provenance) (Ugorji v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2025 FC 571 (Ugorji) at para 14). [5] The Officer’s concern regarding the second bank statement from the Applicant’s brother was that there was a large unexplained deposit of

$35,000 on the last day of the statement. This is supported by the record and the Officer reasonably determined that there was insufficient evidence about this lump sum’s provenance (Ugorji at para 15). [6] There are concerns about the reasonableness of the Officer’s findings regarding the Applicant’s study plan. However, even if I were convinced that the findings are unreasonable, I am not convinced the unreasonableness would displace the strict operation of Regulation 220 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, SC 2001, c 27. This Regulation prohibits the issuance of a study permit unless sufficient financial resources are demonstrated (Davoodabadi v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2024 FC 85 at paras 15-16). [7] The Applicant has not demonstrated sufficiently serious shortcomings with the Officer’s decision to warrant the Court’s intervention (Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v Vavilov, 2019 SCC 65 at para 100). The application is dismissed. JUDGMENT in IMM-3892-25 THIS COURT’S JUDGMENT is that: The application for leave to bring the application for judicial review is granted. The application for judicial review is dismissed. There is no order regarding costs and no question of general importance for certification. "Michael Battista" Judge

FEDERAL COURT

SOLICITORS OF RECORD DOCKET: IMM-3892-25 STYLE OF CAUSE: OAIKHENA OMOZERE IKPEFAN v THE MINISTER OF CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION SUBMISSISIONS ON STUDY PERMIT PERFECTED LEAVE APPLICATION CONSIDERED AT OTTAWA, ONTARIO PURSUANT TO SECTION 72 OF THE IMMIGRATION AND REFUGEE PROTECTION ACT JUDGMENT AND REASONS: BATTISTA J. DATED: may 28, 2025 APPEARANCES: Cedric Marin For The Applicant Leah Bowes For The Respondent SOLICITORS OF RECORD: Cedric Marin Barrister & Solicitor Toronto, Ontario For The Applicant Attorney General of Canada Ottawa, Ontario For The Respondent

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Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

Ugorji v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2025 FC 571

Case cited

Davoodabadi v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2024 FC 85

Case cited

Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v Vavilov, 2019 SCC 65

Case cited

Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, SC 2001, c 27

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations (Regulation 220)

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Section 72, Immigration and Refugee Protection Act

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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