Hong Kong Judgment

Court of First Instance

HKSAR v. DAVINDER SINGH

On this page

Professional case brief

Research organized from the available case record

Source document

01

Holding and result

The Magistrate was entitled to draw the adverse inference from the appellant's failure to give evidence in the context of convincing circumstantial facts (presence at Ladies Market with canvas at stall-setup time and an admitted removal order) so that the prosecution established the elements of section 38AA(1)(b) and (2) beyond reasonable doubt; therefore the conviction stands.

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed; conviction upheld.

Orders

  • Appeal dismissed
  • Conviction upheld

02

Material facts

Parties

HKSAR

Respondent Counsel: Mr Prakash L Daryanani, SPP, Department of Justice

Davinder Singh

Appellant

Amounts and remedies

  • Magistracy Appeal No: 167

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Appeal (magistracy Appeal) / Appeal From Magistrates' Court Following Conviction

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
Appellant denied guilt, challenged the reliability of the alleged admission and evidence about wearing gloves and argued the prosecution bore the burden to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
Respondent
Prosecution relied on PW1's observation of the appellant pushing a trolley loaded with stall canvas at stall-setup time in Ladies Market, the formal admission that a removal order was in force and the surrounding circumstances to infer employment; the conviction was supported by the circumstantial evidence and there was no basis to overturn it.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Common law principle / criminal procedure

    Burden of proof lies on the prosecution to establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt

  2. 02

    Criminal procedure authorities / appellate guidance

    An adverse inference from an accused's failure to give evidence may be drawn where it is the only reasonable inference in the circumstances

  3. 03

    Case law on circumstantial evidence

    Offences may be proved by circumstantial evidence if the only reasonable inference is culpability

  4. 04

    Immigration Ordinance (Cap 115)

    Statutory offence defined by section 38AA(1)(b) and (2) of the Immigration Ordinance (Cap 115)

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The Magistrate was entitled to draw the adverse inference from the appellant's failure to give evidence in the context of convincing circumstantial facts (presence at Ladies Market with canvas at stall-setup time and an admitted removal order) so that the prosecution established the elements of section 38AA(1)(b) and (2) beyond reasonable doubt; therefore the conviction stands.

Obiter and limits

  • Magistrate properly discounted the alleged admission because of language difficulties
  • Recognition that a recognizance holder would have no legitimate reason to possess stall canvas was a factor in drawing the inference of employment

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed; conviction upheld.

  • Appeal dismissed
  • Conviction upheld

Source and reliance status

Court of First Instance · 21 June 2018

This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.

Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Court of First Instance

Judgment· 21 June 2018

[2018] HKCFI 1668

bjbj

HCMA 167/2018 [2018] HKCFI 1668

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE MAGISTRACY APPEAL NO 167 OF 2018 (ON APPEAL FROM STCC 4649 OF 2017) ____

BETWEEN HKSAR Respondent and Davinder Singh Appellant ____ Before: Deputy High Court Judge V Bokhary in Court Date of Hearing: 21 June 2018 Date of Delivery of Judgment: 21 June 2018

JUDGMENT The Appellant was convicted after trial in the Magistrates Court on a charge of taking employment while being a person in respect of whom a removal order is in force, contrary to section 38AA(1)(b) and (2) of the Immigration Ordinance (Cap 115). He appeals against conviction. The prosecution s case was that the Appellant took up employment as an odd job worker in Mongkok. It was formally admitted at the trial that there was a removal order in respect of the Appellant in force on 29 November 2017. An immigration assistant, who was PW1, gave evidence that on that day in Mongkok he saw the Appellant pushing a trolley loaded with canvas. The Magistrate accepted PW1 s evidence that he saw that. PW1 also said that the Appellant had admitted under caution to being employed to set up a stall. But there were language difficulties, and the Magistrate attached no weight to the admission of which PW1 gave evidence. The Magistrate also attached no weight to PW1 s evidence that the Appellant had been wearing gloves. The Appellant did not give or call evidence. The Magistrate referred to the criminal bu inference to draw from that in the circumstances was, the Magistrate concluded, that the Appellant had taken up employment. As to the circumstances, the Magistrate said this: 22. I note that the material place is where the Ladies Market is situated, where stalls were set up by putting up the canvas. The observation was made at around 10 am, exactly the time when stalls are getting ready to operate. It is indeed the observation of PW1 that other stalls were getting ready and being set up. The canvas loaded on the trolley was the kind of canvas which were used in the stalls.

23. The appellant, being a recognizance holder, would have no business whatsoever with the canvas. In the absence of other evidence, I draw as the only inference that the appellant must be employed as an odd job worker to set up the stall. The Appellant s grounds of appeal attack the evidence that he had made an admission and that he was wearing gloves. His grounds of appeal also assert his innocence. The attack on that evidence Appellant was denying guilt and that the prosecution bore the burden of proving his guilt beyond reasonable doubt. There is no proper basis for disturbing this conviction. The appeal is therefore dismissed. (V Bokhary) Deputy High Court Judge Mr Prakash L Daryanani, SPP of the Department of Justice, for the Respondent The Appellant appeared in person - PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT -

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

A B C h;F+ h{`) gdVu gdVu gdI& h{`) hCA$ h@#= gd?i h~@0 gd?i

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T U V gd?i & #$ & #$ & #$ [Content_Types].xml _rels/.rels theme/theme/themeManager.xml K Y, sQ}# theme/theme/theme1.xml $O}) Xp90 +PHI| PP yu 9xu5 fs+W VF7H q=. 8}d- qyI@ j!Q_ jyV` |PZ+ T ""p < 4V O&x$ A8>v ;EUC n 8r *~P(5 .}x E /,EE\} theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.rels 5 6?$Q K(M&$R(.1 [Content_Types].xmlPK _rels/.relsPK theme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK theme/theme/theme1.xmlPK theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?> <a:clrMap xmlns:a="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/main" bg1="lt1" tx1="dk1" bg2="lt2" tx2="dk2" accent1="accent1" accent2="accent2" accent3="accent3" accent4="accent4" accent5="accent5" accent6="accent6" hlink="hlink" folHlink="folHlink"/> [Content_Types].xml dlyLho ;d]6 yJ.; _rels/.rels fLV:* ]m@= T;GI b9`5 drs/e2oDoc.xml 4m1` s\ 9z8 `f&8 pyA) IIQ> jp#jWZCy7 #hWIP w-8:~ 2%wb~ drs/downrev.xmlL 6)i6E @*\YS \DQ, [Content_Types].xmlPK _rels/.relsPK drs/e2oDoc.xmlPK drs/downrev.xmlPK [Content_Types].xml dlyLho ;d]6 yJ.; _rels/.rels fLV:* ]m@= T;GI b9`5 drs/e2oDoc.xml gJs)rL. Vv5S

TA E 2ZCt [ml84; uA~Z LX7Ge \$K/* #HXI drs/downrev.xmlL 6)i6E @*\YS \DQ, [Content_Types].xmlPK _rels/.relsPK drs/e2oDoc.xmlPK drs/downrev.xmlPK [Content_Types].xml dlyLho ;d]6 yJ.; _rels/.rels fLV:* ]m@= T;GI b9`5 drs/e2oDoc.xml #&*Ys |_W- kEG@ JVLk8-

TA E A7rB P*8| I"/ uA~Z LX7Ge drs/downrev.xmlL 6)i6E @*\YS \DQ, [Content_Types].xmlPK _rels/.relsPK drs/e2oDoc.xmlPK drs/downrev.xmlPK [Content_Types].xml dlyLho ;d]6 yJ.; _rels/.rels fLV:* ]m@= T;GI b9`5 drs/e2oDoc.xml gJs)rL. Vv5S

TA E I"/ I[Zv \^P"a drs/downrev.xmlL 6)i6E @*\YS \DQ, [Content_Types].xmlPK _rels/.relsPK drs/e2oDoc.xmlPK drs/downrev.xmlPK &tBL ;R,U VZ" E*p# ;R,U _V5i ZTgG High Court Normal.dotm Windows User Microsoft Office Word Judiciary Hong Kong Title <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><b:Sources SelectedStyle="\APA.XSL" StyleName="APA" xmlns:b="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/bibliography" xmlns="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/bibliography"></b:Sources> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <ds:datastoreItem ds:itemID="{9472BFAA-F399-4181-BD14-D63D2B99F937}" xmlns:ds="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/customXml"><ds:schemaRefs><ds:schemaRef ds:uri="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/bibliography"/></ds:schemaRefs></ds:datastoreItem> Microsoft Word 97-2003 Document MSWordDoc Word.Document.8

Source wording is retained. Consult the source document for its original formatting and pagination.

Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

Immigration Ordinance (Cap 115) section 38AA(1)(b) and (2)

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Case-aware research

Ask AI about this case

The judgment and available research above are public. New questions open in a separate private conversation grounded in this case.

About this LexChat collection

This page organizes the available case record for research. Verify quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the source document. Corrections can be reported to hello@esheria.ai.

Legal information, not legal advice. Research summaries do not replace the judgment.