HKSAR v. DAVINDER SINGH
- Citation
- [2018] HKCFI 1668
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- Hong Kong
- Court
- Court of First Instance
- Decision
- 21 June 2018
- Posture
- Criminal Appeal (magistracy Appeal) / Appeal From Magistrates' Court Following Conviction
- Case number
- HCMA167/2018
- Language
- English
More details
- Court
- Court of First Instance
- Decision
- 21 June 2018
- Posture
- Criminal Appeal (magistracy Appeal) / Appeal From Magistrates' Court Following Conviction
- Case number
- HCMA167/2018
- Language
- English
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
The Magistrate was entitled to draw the adverse inference from the appellant's failure to give evidence in the context of convincing circumstantial facts (presence at Ladies Market with canvas at stall-setup time and an admitted removal order) so that the prosecution established the elements of section 38AA(1)(b) and (2) beyond reasonable doubt; therefore the conviction stands.
Court disposition
Appeal dismissed; conviction upheld.
Orders
- Appeal dismissed
- Conviction upheld
02
Material facts
Parties
HKSAR
Respondent Counsel: Mr Prakash L Daryanani, SPP, Department of JusticeDavinder Singh
AppellantAmounts and remedies
- Magistracy Appeal No: 167
03
Procedural history
Posture
Criminal Appeal (magistracy Appeal) / Appeal From Magistrates' Court Following Conviction
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
Whether prosecution proved offence under section 38AA(1)(b) and (2) Immigration Ordinance
- 02
Whether the Magistrate permissibly drew an adverse inference from the appellant's failure to give evidence
- 03
Whether contested evidence (alleged admission and glove-wearing) was properly evaluated
Party arguments
- Applicant
- Appellant denied guilt, challenged the reliability of the alleged admission and evidence about wearing gloves and argued the prosecution bore the burden to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
- Respondent
- Prosecution relied on PW1's observation of the appellant pushing a trolley loaded with stall canvas at stall-setup time in Ladies Market, the formal admission that a removal order was in force and the surrounding circumstances to infer employment; the conviction was supported by the circumstantial evidence and there was no basis to overturn it.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
Common law principle / criminal procedure
Burden of proof lies on the prosecution to establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt
- 02
Criminal procedure authorities / appellate guidance
An adverse inference from an accused's failure to give evidence may be drawn where it is the only reasonable inference in the circumstances
- 03
Case law on circumstantial evidence
Offences may be proved by circumstantial evidence if the only reasonable inference is culpability
- 04
Immigration Ordinance (Cap 115)
Statutory offence defined by section 38AA(1)(b) and (2) of the Immigration Ordinance (Cap 115)
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
The Magistrate was entitled to draw the adverse inference from the appellant's failure to give evidence in the context of convincing circumstantial facts (presence at Ladies Market with canvas at stall-setup time and an admitted removal order) so that the prosecution established the elements of section 38AA(1)(b) and (2) beyond reasonable doubt; therefore the conviction stands.
Obiter and limits
- Magistrate properly discounted the alleged admission because of language difficulties
- Recognition that a recognizance holder would have no legitimate reason to possess stall canvas was a factor in drawing the inference of employment
Court disposition
Appeal dismissed; conviction upheld.
- Appeal dismissed
- Conviction upheld
Source and reliance status
Court of First Instance · 21 June 2018
This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.
Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
Court of First Instance
Judgment· 21 June 2018
bjbj
HCMA 167/2018 [2018] HKCFI 1668
IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE
HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE MAGISTRACY APPEAL NO 167 OF 2018 (ON APPEAL FROM STCC 4649 OF 2017) ____
BETWEEN HKSAR Respondent and Davinder Singh Appellant ____ Before: Deputy High Court Judge V Bokhary in Court Date of Hearing: 21 June 2018 Date of Delivery of Judgment: 21 June 2018
JUDGMENT The Appellant was convicted after trial in the Magistrates Court on a charge of taking employment while being a person in respect of whom a removal order is in force, contrary to section 38AA(1)(b) and (2) of the Immigration Ordinance (Cap 115). He appeals against conviction. The prosecution s case was that the Appellant took up employment as an odd job worker in Mongkok. It was formally admitted at the trial that there was a removal order in respect of the Appellant in force on 29 November 2017. An immigration assistant, who was PW1, gave evidence that on that day in Mongkok he saw the Appellant pushing a trolley loaded with canvas. The Magistrate accepted PW1 s evidence that he saw that. PW1 also said that the Appellant had admitted under caution to being employed to set up a stall. But there were language difficulties, and the Magistrate attached no weight to the admission of which PW1 gave evidence. The Magistrate also attached no weight to PW1 s evidence that the Appellant had been wearing gloves. The Appellant did not give or call evidence. The Magistrate referred to the criminal bu inference to draw from that in the circumstances was, the Magistrate concluded, that the Appellant had taken up employment. As to the circumstances, the Magistrate said this: 22. I note that the material place is where the Ladies Market is situated, where stalls were set up by putting up the canvas. The observation was made at around 10 am, exactly the time when stalls are getting ready to operate. It is indeed the observation of PW1 that other stalls were getting ready and being set up. The canvas loaded on the trolley was the kind of canvas which were used in the stalls.
23. The appellant, being a recognizance holder, would have no business whatsoever with the canvas. In the absence of other evidence, I draw as the only inference that the appellant must be employed as an odd job worker to set up the stall. The Appellant s grounds of appeal attack the evidence that he had made an admission and that he was wearing gloves. His grounds of appeal also assert his innocence. The attack on that evidence Appellant was denying guilt and that the prosecution bore the burden of proving his guilt beyond reasonable doubt. There is no proper basis for disturbing this conviction. The appeal is therefore dismissed. (V Bokhary) Deputy High Court Judge Mr Prakash L Daryanani, SPP of the Department of Justice, for the Respondent The Appellant appeared in person - PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT -
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