香港特別行政區 訴 黃淑珍
The court held that although the appellant's conviction was quashed, she had by her conduct and unexplained inconsistent communications (notably P10) brought suspicion upon herself and failed to dispel it during investigation and trial; accordingly trial costs were refused. However, the court found the appeal work...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [2022] HKCA 335
- Parties
- First Appellant: WONG Shuk chun (黃淑珍); Respondent: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Court
- Court of Appeal
- Jurisdiction
- Hong Kong
- Judgment Date
- 28 February 2022
- Case Number
- CACC14/2020
- Procedural Posture
- Criminal Appeal / Costs Application After Appeal Determination
- Outcome
- Trial costs refused; bail application and appeal costs awarded including fees for two counsel; amount to be agreed between parties or assessed by the Registrar.
- Legal Topics
- Costs of Prosecution and Defence, Self Created Suspicion, Evidence and Disclosure, Appeal Procedure
- Source Language
- ct
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
WONG Shuk chun (黃淑珍)
First Appellant
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Respondent
Procedural Posture
Criminal Appeal / Costs Application After Appeal Determination
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether an appellant whose conviction is quashed is entitled to trial costs
- 2 Whether the appellant's conduct amounted to self-created suspicion barring an award of trial costs
- 3 What scope of counsel fees is reasonable for bail and appeal stages
Ratio Decidendi
The court held that although the appellant's conviction was quashed, she had by her conduct and unexplained inconsistent communications (notably P10) brought suspicion upon herself and failed to dispel it during investigation and trial; accordingly trial costs were refused. However, the court found the appeal work justified the engagement of two counsel and ordered bail application and appeal costs to be paid, amount to be agreed or assessed.
Court Disposition
Trial costs refused; bail application and appeal costs awarded including fees for two counsel; amount to be agreed between parties or assessed by the Registrar.
Orders
- Applicant's application for trial costs refused.
- Applicant awarded costs of the bail application and the appeal including fees for two counsel; quantum to be agreed between the parties or assessed by the Registrar.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
1 paragraphs
CACC 14/2020 [2022] HKCA 335 香港特別行政區 高等法院上訴法庭 刑事司法管轄權 上訴訟費申請 刑事上訴案件2020年第14號 (原區域法院刑事案件2018年第600號) __________________ 答辯人 香港特別行政區 對 第一上訴人 WONG Shuk chun (黃淑珍) (D1) __________________ 主審法官: 高等法院首席法官潘兆初 高等法院上訴法庭法官彭偉昌 高等法院上訴法庭法官彭寶琴 第一上訴人書面陳詞日期: 2021年12月22日 答辯人書面陳詞日期: 2022年1月3日 第一上訴人補充書面陳詞日期: 2022年1月12日 訟費判決書日期: 2022年2月28日 訟 費 判 決 書 上訴法庭法官彭偉昌頒發上訴法庭訟費判決書: 第一上訴人(A1)及其丈夫(A2)共同面對一項‘欺詐’罪,經審訊後被定罪,分別處入獄22個月及25個月,二人繼而就定罪提出上訴。聆訊過後,本庭駁回A2的上訴,但裁定A1上訴得直,定罪與判刑一併取消。 案件概覽 本案案情,以及A1上訴得直的理由,見本庭在2021年11月19日頒下的《判案書》。簡言之,控方指身為公務員的A1在申請房屋津貼時不誠實地虛假聲明A2沒有從他的僱主領取房津,原審法官則基於A1與A2二十多年的婚姻關係,以及庫務署要求A1提供文件證明時所得到的回覆,裁定A1知道A2在領取房津。然而,本庭認為原審法官的分析有欠穩妥,在他分析下的證據不足以證明A1知情。 訟費申請 A1現申請包括原審、保釋申請、以及上訴的訟費。 A1認為,根據本庭的裁決,案中實沒有足夠證據證明她對A2的行為知情。A2的警誡供詞甚至能顯示A1是被刻意蒙在鼓裡。A1不作供,沒有在警誡下作任何陳述,只是行使緘默權,不構成自招嫌疑。 答辯人立場 答辯人反對原審訟費申請。理由是,庫務署分別於2000年及2017年兩度要求A1提供A2僱主確認A2沒有領取房津的文件,但A1卻從沒解釋為何不能提供,其回覆便箋只表示有困難獲取文件,並以反問形式質問庫務署向她索取文件的基礎(見證物P9及P51)。答辯人認為,A1既態度囂張,又不合作,實屬自招嫌疑。 答辯人退一步陳詞,指即使A1可獲發原審訟費,但本案的案情和法律議題並不複雜,主要的爭議點均屬事實範疇,而且牽涉的證據也不繁雜,一名大律師當可勝任辦理,因此A1只應獲得原審其中一位大律師和事務律師的費用。 答辯人亦不反對A1獲發保釋申請及上訴的訟費,但同樣認為當中的費用,只應限於一名大律師和事務律師。 上訴人反駁 A1反駁答辯人以上的陳詞指,2000年的兩份文件(證物P9和P10),均顯示雙方有書面以外的溝通,P10更直接指出A1曾表示A2的僱主拒絕提供文件證明。 討論 一般而言,除非有確實理由,一名被判無罪的被告應獲發訟費。確實理由包括:被告的行為自招嫌疑、誤導控方使其認為所擁有的證據比實際為強、以及被告是否因技術理由而獲判無罪等(Tong Cun Lin v HKSAR (1999) 2 HKCFAR 531,第535頁D-H)。可考慮的行為不局限於被告被調查或審訊期間的行為,亦包括構成控罪背景的行為(Ting James Henry v HKSAR (No 2) (2007) 10 HKCFAR 730,第16段)。因此,A1與庫務署就提供文件而進行的溝通,可作考慮。 本庭在本庭的《判案書》第26段提到證物P9和P10的內容。有關的內容顯示,對於答辯人的陳詞,A1的反駁是正確的: 「 … P9的第一段顯示,雙方在展開書面對話之前,[A1]曾和庫務署的職員通過電話。在收到P9之後,庫務署的同一位職員則在P10的最後一段表示:“You advised that your spouse’s employer refused to provide you and your spouse with the requisite documentary evidence。” …」 然而,上述有關A2的僱主拒絕提供證明的解釋,根本與事實不符,因為該僱主不但沒有拒絕,而且還應要求發信確認每月向A2發放一筆沒有規定用途的房津(證物P106)。A1在A2正受惠於私人房津的同時照樣申請政府房津,再加上P10所紀錄並與事實根本不符的解釋,顯然引人懷疑。 雖然A1可能是因為受到A2誤導而申領房津及作出不符事實的解釋,但這不等於其行為並非自招嫌疑。如HKSAR v Rahman Md Sheikh Mojibur [2020] HKCA 53 第26段所說: “ … Whether or not the defendant brings suspicion on himself and/or results in the prosecution being misled does not logically depend on the defendant’s state of mind.” 進一步說,A1在審訊前和審訊期間均沒有就P10的內容和控罪作出解釋。A1不解釋,或許是因為不想對丈夫作出指控,但在自己的行為引起懷疑下,這並非應該獲發還訟費的理由,就如Rahman Md Sheikh Mojibur 案第26段另有所述: “ … we should deal with Mr Chan’s argument that there may have been a good reason for the applicant not to disclose his mobile telephone business dealings ... The notion that a defendant may properly make a claim for reimbursement from public funds despite not disclosing that he had been cheating the Inland Revenue Department does not sound a very equitable one, even in a criminal context where the scales are necessarily tilted in favour of the defence …” 本庭同意A1是自招嫌疑,不應獲發原審訟費。 答辯人不反對A1獲發保釋申請及上訴訟費,但認為大律師費用應限於一名大律師。本上訴涉及可否從兩名上訴人多年的婚姻關係,以及A1就提供文件而以便箋回覆庫務署的內容,推斷她對丈夫領取房屋津貼的事知情,箇中的爭議並不特別容易處理,而且本庭最終也認為原審法官的分析有欠穩妥。因此,A1聘用兩名大律師處理上訴,其中一名為資深大律師,並非不合理。 判決 本庭拒絕A1原審訟費的申請,但下令她可獲發保釋申請以及上訴的訟費,包括兩名大律師的費用,金額由雙方自行同意,否則交由聆案官評定。 (潘兆初) (彭偉昌) (彭寶琴) 高等法院首席法官 高等法院上訴法庭法官 高等法院上訴法庭法官 第一上訴人: 由陳漢光律師事務所轉聘溫家榮大律師代表 答辯人: 由律政司高級檢控官梁寶琦女士代表