Hong Kong Judgment

Court of Appeal

R. v. CHAN HEUNG MAN AND ANOTHER

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Professional case brief

Research organized from the available case record

Source document

01

Holding and result

The Court held the sentences were not wrong in principle or manifestly excessive; disparity with co-defendants did not justify interference and the totality principle and guilty plea credit were appropriately applied, so the appeals were dismissed.

Court disposition

Applications dismissed and sentences upheld

Orders

  • Applications for leave to appeal dismissed; effective sentences of 5 years (Chan Heung Man) and 6 years (So Ka Lung) upheld

02

Material facts

Parties

The Queen

Respondent Counsel: Mr Alain Sham

Chan Heung Man

Applicant Counsel: In person

So Ka Lung

Applicant Counsel: In person

Amounts and remedies

  • Sentence Chan Heung Man: 5
  • Sentence So Ka Lung: 6
  • Starting Point Per Offence (years): 6
  • Individual Sentence Per Count Before Totality (years): 4
  • Robberies Chan Heung Man: 3
  • Robberies So Ka Lung: 4

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Appeal / Leave to Appeal Sentence; Court of Appeal Hearing and Judgment

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
Applicants argued the custodial sentences were excessive and complained that co-defendants who pleaded not guilty received more lenient treatment when sentenced by another judge; they relied on their youth and plea.
Respondent
Crown and sentencing judge submitted the starting point was six years per offence, defendants received credit for guilty pleas, were sentenced to four years per count with partial concurrency under the totality principle producing effective terms of five and six years respectively; offences were serious, involved violence, threats, theft by PIN coercion and one indecent assault, and were not suitable for training centre orders.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Common law sentencing principles

    Totality principle in sentencing (overall fairness of aggregate term)

  2. 02

    Common law/sentencing jurisprudence

    Credit for guilty plea (mitigation for early plea)

  3. 03

    Common law/appeal practice

    Sentencing discretion and appellate restraint (intervene only if wrong in principle or manifestly excessive)

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The Court held the sentences were not wrong in principle or manifestly excessive; disparity with co-defendants did not justify interference and the totality principle and guilty plea credit were appropriately applied, so the appeals were dismissed.

Obiter and limits

  • Judge recognised defendants' youth but concluded offences were too serious for a training centre order
  • Offences involved an organised modus operandi including coercion to obtain PINs, physical violence, tying and gagging and on one count a knife threat
  • Credit for guilty pleas was given by the sentencing judge and taken into account in the resulting effective terms

Court disposition

Applications dismissed and sentences upheld

  • Applications for leave to appeal dismissed; effective sentences of 5 years (Chan Heung Man) and 6 years (So Ka Lung) upheld

Source and reliance status

Court of Appeal · 7 January 1997

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Court of Appeal

Judgment· 7 January 1997

R. v. CHAN HEUNG MAN AND ANOTHER

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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL 1996, No. 355 (Criminal)

BETWEEN THE QUEEN Respondent and CHAN HEUNG MAN (D3) 1st Applicant SO KA LUNG (D6) 2nd Applicant -------------------- Coram: Hon Power Ag CJ, Mayo JA and P Chan, J in Court Date of hearing: 7 January 1997 Date of judgment: 7 January 1997 ----------------------

J U D G M E N T ---------------------- Mayo JA giving the judgment of the Court: The first applicant A1 who was D3 at the trial below and the second applicant A2 who was D6 seek leave to appeal against the sentences of imprisonment imposed upon them for a series of robberies. A1 pleaded guilty to three robberies and was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment and A2 pleaded guilty to four robberies and was sentenced to 6 years imprisonment. The modus operandi of all of these robberies was similar. One of the men would attend at a karaoke bar posing as a customer. He would buy out one of the hostesses who would then be taken to a place where she would be confronted by a group of men. She would be robbed of her personal possessions including items of jewellery and cash and would then be required to give particulars of the Personal Identification Number (PIN) operating her bank accounts. If this information was not immediately forthcoming she would be subjected to quite a considerable measure of physical violence or threats of violence. On one of the charges the victim was threatened with a knife. On some of the charges the girls were tied up and on one of them she was gagged. Significant amounts of cash were withdrawn from the accounts after the PIN particulars were obtained. On charge 6 upon which both these men were convicted the victim was indecently assaulted. The trial judge

HH Judge Beeson stated in her Reasons for Sentence that she had given the defendants credit for their guilty pleas. She adopted as a starting point 6 years imprisonment for each offence and sentenced both applicants to 4 years imprisonment on each count but having regard to the totality principle ordered the sentences to be served partially concurrently so as to achieve an end result of 5 years for A1 and 6 years for A2. The judge took cognisance of the youth of these men but rightly concluded that the offences were far too serious for a training centre order to be made. Both applicants claim that the sentences imposed upon them were excessive. Before us the main complaint made by both men is that their co-defendants who pleaded not guilty at their trial received more lenient treatment when they were eventually sentenced by another judge. We do not consider this a sufficient reason to justify us in interfering with these sentences. The sentences were in no way wrong in principle or manifestly excessive. These applications must be dismissed. (N.P. Power) Ag. Chief Justice (Simon Mayo) Justice of Appeal (P. Chan) Judge of the High Court Mr Alain Sham for Crown Prosecutor Chan Heung Man - 1st Applicant in person/present So Ka Lung - 2nd Applicant in person/present -

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