律政司司長 訴 梁志光及另一人

律政司司長 訴 梁志光及另一人

The Court held that the accountant records seized were admissible for the non‑hearsay purpose of permitting the court to infer that the totals in the profit and loss statements were composed of the detailed items in the trial balance and related records; that this inferential use did not require treating the...

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Citation
[2019] HKCA 623
Parties
Appellant: Secretary for Justice (律政司司長); First Respondent: Leung Chi Kwong Eric (梁志光); Second Respondent: Chui Ying Kuen Henry (徐英權)
Court
Court of Appeal
Jurisdiction
Hong Kong
Judgment Date
27 June 2019
Case Number
CACC336/2018
Procedural Posture
Criminal Appeal (case Stated) / Court of Appeal Determination on Case Stated Under District Court Ordinance (cap.336) S84; Matter Remitted to Trial Judge for Further Determination
Outcome
Appeal allowed in part; trial judge's acquittals on counts 1 and 2 set aside; matter remitted to original judge for further hearing and final determination on counts 1 and 2
Legal Topics
Hearsay/admissibility, Use of Documentary Evidence for Non Hearsay Inferences, Expert Evidence (forensic Accounting), Proof of Corporate Tax Evasion, Appeal on Question of Law
Source Language
ch
Criminal Law Evidence Law Tax Law Procedural Law Hearsay/admissibility Use of Documentary Evidence for Non Hearsay Inferences Expert Evidence (forensic Accounting) Proof of Corporate Tax Evasion +1 more

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Parties

Secretary for Justice (律政司司長)

Appellant

Leung Chi Kwong Eric (梁志光)

First Respondent

Chui Ying Kuen Henry (徐英權)

Second Respondent

Procedural Posture

Criminal Appeal (case Stated) / Court of Appeal Determination on Case Stated Under District Court Ordinance (cap.336) S84; Matter Remitted to Trial Judge for Further Determination

  1. 1 Whether accounting records seized from accountant constitute inadmissible hearsay when relied on to show that larger reported totals are composed of the items in those records
  2. 2 Whether the prosecution was required to call an independent forensic accountant as expert to establish the linkage between underlying accounting records and the submitted profit and loss statement
  3. 3 Whether the trial judge erred in fact-finding such that the acquittals were perverse or based on misapplication of law

Ratio Decidendi

The Court held that the accountant records seized were admissible for the non‑hearsay purpose of permitting the court to infer that the totals in the profit and loss statements were composed of the detailed items in the trial balance and related records; that this inferential use did not require treating the records' contents as proven and did not in this case require an independent forensic accountant because the linkage was demonstrable from the documents; the trial judge was wrong to exclude those documents and to require forensic accounting evidence, and therefore the acquittals based on that exclusion were set aside and the matters remitted for further hearing.

Court Disposition

Appeal allowed in part; trial judge's acquittals on counts 1 and 2 set aside; matter remitted to original judge for further hearing and final determination on counts 1 and 2

Orders

  • Allow appeal by Secretary for Justice
  • Quash trial judge's not guilty verdicts on counts 1 and 2