T.S. THIRUVENGADAM versus THE SECRETARY TO GOVT. OF INDIA, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, DEPARTMENT OF EXPENDITURE, NEW DELHI AND ORS.

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T.S. THIRUVENGADAM v. THE SECRETARY TO GOVT. OF INDIA, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, DEPARTMENT OF EXPENDITURE, NEW DELHI AND ORS.

FEBRUARY 17, 1993

[KULDIP SINGH AND N.M. KASLIWAL, JJ.]

Civil Services:

Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 1972 :Retiremcm benefit:. Govt. sel'\!a1tts absorbed in public sector U11dertaking:.-Govemme11t of /11dia Memorandum dated 16.'6.1967-R.evised Tenns a11d Co11ditio11s--Made ap plicable to those who retired after the issue of Memora11durn-Validity of

Co11stitutio11 of India, 1950.

Articles 14 and l6-il.etireme11t be11efits to Govt. sel'\!ants absorbed i11 Public Sector U11dertaki11g:.-Govemme11t of India-Memorandum dared 16.6.1967-Tenns and Conditions revised-Made applicable from date of issue of the Memorandunt-Reasonableness of the classificatio11--Cut-off date-Wliether arbitrary and discriminatory.

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The appellant was serving the Audit Department of the Government of India. He was sent on foreign service to the Public Sector Undertaking Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd. (N.L.C.) and was absorbed there. Before joining N.L.C. he had already completed 15 years of pensionable govern ment service. Retirement benefits in such cases were regulated by Memorandum dated November 10, 1960 issued by the Ministry of Finance (Department of Expenditure), Ne·N Delhi. According to the said Memoran· dum the retirement benefits for service rendered by a government servant before his absorption in a public undertaking were admissible equal to G what the government would have contributed had the individual been on contributory provident fund terms, with 2% simple interest thereon. The Government of India subsequently issued Memorandum dated June 16, 1967 J>rOviding revised terms and conditions of absorption in Central Public Sector Undertakings but restricted the revised benefits only to those who were absorbed on or after June 16, 1967. The appellant retired 1078

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T.S. TIURUVENGft.DAM v. SECRETARY

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from the public undertaking and was paid a sum of Rs. 3036 as retirement A benefits in terms of the Memorandum dated November 10, 1960. The benefit of the revised terms and conditions of absorption as contained in the government Memorandum dated June 16, 1967 was denied to the appellant on the ground that he was absorbed in the public undertaking prior to the date of coming into force of the said Memorandum. The appellant challenged the same by filing a Writ Petition before the High Court. Subsei111ently, the Writ Petition was transferred to the Central Administrative Tribunal which ~ejected the claim of the appellant. Being aggrieved against the Tribunal's judgment, the appellant preferred the present appeal.

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It was contended on behalf of the appellant that it was not open to the government to deny the benefit of the 1967 Memorandum to those employees who were absorbed prior to the date of the Memorandum as it would be arbitrary and that such classification is violative of Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution.

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On behalf of the respondents, it was contended that the revised retirement benefits were introduced to attract more and more go\·ernment servants for permanent absorption in government undertakings to build up their cadres, and this being a new incentive, it has been given effect to from the date of issue of orders and there was nothing arbitrary or E discriminatory in fixing the cut-off date.

~llowing the appeal, this Court,

HELD : 1.1. The object of bringing into existence the revised terms and conditions in the Memorandum dated June, 16, 1967 was to protect F the pensionary benefits which the Central Government servants had earned before their absorption into the public undertakings. Restricting the applicability of the revised Memorandum only to those who are ab sorbed after the coming into force of the said Memorandum, would be defeating the very object and purpose of the revised Memorandum. The appellant along \\ith other Central Government employees was sent on foreign service to the public undertaking in the year 1961. He was ab- ~ sorbed in the year 1964. All those who joined foreign service alongwith the appellant but were absorbed after June 16, 1967 have been given the benefits under the revised Memorandum. Denying the same to the appel Jant would be contrary to f'airplay and justice. Assuming that the revised H

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1080

SUPREME COURT REPORTS

[1993) 1 S.C.R.

A Memorandum is an incentive to attract Central Government employees to public undertakings, the persons who are so attracted do not become a different class. They join the same class to which the persons like the appellant belong. Therefore, all those Ce11tral Government employees who were absorbed in public undertakings either before June 16,1967 or there- B after and were serving the public undertakings, are entitled to the benefits

provided under the Memorandum dated June 16, 1967.

[1083G-H; 1084A·B·C]

1.2. It is no doubt correct that the Memorandum dated June 16, 1967 is prospective which only means that the benefits therein. can lie c claimed only after June, 16, 1967. The Memorandum, however, takes into consideration the past event that is the period of service under the Central Government for the purpose of giving pro-rata pension. Whoever has rendered pensionable service prior to coming into force of the Memoran· dum would he entitled to claim the benefits under the said Memorandum. Restricting the benefits only to those who were absorbed in public under· taking after June 16, 1967 would be arbitrary and bit by Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution. [1084E]

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2. Rule 37 of Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 1972 provides that a government servant who has been permitted to be absorbed in service in a Central Government public undertaking in public interest, be deemed to have retired from service from the date of such absorption and shall be eligible to receive retirement benefits in accordance with the orders of the Government applicable to him. Admittedly the appellant was permitted to be absorbed in the Central Government public undertaking in public interest. The appellant, as such, shall be deemed to have retired from government service from the date of his absorption and is eligible to receive the retirement benefits. It is no doubt correct that the retirement benefits envisaged under Rule 37 are to be determined in accordance with the Government orders but the plain language of the Rule does not permit any classification while granting the retirement benefits. When the Rule specifically provides that all the persons who fulfil the pre-conditions prescribed therein shall be deemed to have retired from government service from the date of absorption and shall be eligible to receive retire· men! benefits then the government while granting benefits cannot deny the same to some of them on the basis of arbitrary classification. All those H person who fulfil the conditions u11der Rule 37 are a class by themselves

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T.S. THIRUVENGADAM ,._ SECRETARY [KULDIP SINGH, J.I 1081

and no discrimination can be permitted within the said class. The govern· A

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~ ment action in restricting the benefits under the revised Memorandum dated June 16, 1967 only to those who are absorbed after that date goes contrary to the Rule and cannot be sustained. [108SC·G)

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 666 of

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1993.

From the Judgment and Order dated 14.6.1988 of the Central Ad·

ministrative Tribunal, Madras in T.A. No. 12 of 1988.

M.N. Krishnamani, T. Raja and Pravir Choudhary for the Appellant. c

Altaf Ahmad, Addi. Solicitor General, V.N. Ganpule, Hemani Shar·

ma and S.N. Terdol for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

KULDIP SINGH, J. Special leave granted.

Applications for impleadment are allowed.

The appellant was in the service of the Central Government for a period of about 15 years. He was thereafter permanently absorbed in a public undertaking, from where he retired on April 1, 1984. The question for our consideration is whether the appellant on absorption in the public undertaking was eligible for pro-rata pension and death-cum-retirement gratuity based on the length of his qualifying service under the Goverment till the date of absorption.

--J..

- of the Government of India as Substantive Upper Division Clerk. He was

The appellant was serving the Audit Department (Defence Service)

sent on foreign service to Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd. (public sector undertaking) on January 9/10, 1961. He was permanently absorbed in the public undertaking with effect from August 1, 1964. It is not disputed that G the appellant, having joined Central Government service on July 25, 1949, had completed 15 years of pensionable government-service. On the date of appellant's permanent absorption in the public undertaking the retirement benefits were regulated by Memorandum dated Noverbcr 10, 1960 issued by the Ministry of Finance (Department of Expenditure), New Delhi. H

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1082

SUPREME COURT REPORTS

[1993] 1 S.C.R.

A According to the said Memorandum the retirement benefits for service rendered by a government servant before his absorption in a public under- taking, were admissible equal to what the government would have con tributed had the individual been on contributory provident fund terms, with 2% simple interest thereon. The Government of India subsequently issued B Memorandum dated June 16, 1967 providing revised term, and conditions of absorption in Central Public Sector Undertakings but restricted the revised benefits only to those who were absorbed on or after June 16, 1967. The operative features of the revised instrucuons were as under:-

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(i) A permanent government servant with not less than 10 years qualifying sen1ce on absorption in public undertak ing was eligible for pro-rata pension and death-cum-retire ment gratuity based on the length of his qualifying service under government till the date of absorption. The pension was to be calc~!ated on the basis of average emoluments immediorcly before absorption.

(ii) The pro-rata pension, gratuity, etc. admissible in respect of the service rendered under the government was disbursable only from the date the government servant would have normally superannuated had be continued in service.

The appellant retired from the public undertaking on April 1, 1984. lt is not disputed that on January 15, 1974 ·the appellant was paid a sum of Rs. 3036 as retirement benefits in terms of the Memorandum dated F November 10, 1960. The benefit of the revised terms and conditions of absorption as contained in the Government Memorandum dated June 16, 1967 was denied to the appellant on the short ground that he was absorbed in the public undertaking prior to the date of coming into force of the said Memorandum.

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The appellant filed a writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitu tion of India on October 19, 1984 in the Madras High Court seeking a mandamus directing the respondents to grant him pro-rata pension and all other benefits admissible under the revised Memorandum dated June 16, 1967. As an interim measure the High Court directed that the appellant be paid 50 per cent of the pro-rata pension and other pensionary benefits

T.S. 'Jl!JRUVENGADAM v. SECRETARY \KUUJfP S!NG!I. J.] 1083

under the Memorandum dated June 16, 1967 from the d_atc o[ his absorp- ~ lion in the public undertaking. The writ petition was transferred to the Central Administrative Tribunal, Madras. The tribunal by its judgment dated June 14, 1988 dismissed the application and rejected the claim of the appellant. This appeal by way of special leave is against the judgment of the Central Administrative Tribunal.

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The appellant has questioned the validity of the condition imposed

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plicable only to such of the employees who arc absorbed in the public undertakings on or after June 16, 1967. According to the appellant it was not open lo the government lo deny the benefit of the Memorandum lo those employees who were absorbed prior to the date of the Memorandum as it \vould bring into existence arbitrary classification in respect of govern ment employees absorbed in the public undertakings prior to June 16, 1967 and thereafter. The appellant has contended that such classification is not warranted under Articles 14 and 16 uf the Constitution as it has no nexus D with the object sought to be achieved by the government Memorandum.

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The contention of the respondents, on the other hand, is that the revised retirement benefits were introduced to attract more and more government servants for permanent absorption .in governn1ent undertakings '-( to build up their cadres. It was thus an incentive for encadring suitable persons in the government undertakings. According lo the respondents, being a new incentive, it has been given effect from the date of issue of orders and there is nothing arbitrary or discriminatory in fixing the cut-off date.

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There is no dispute that Ncyvcli Lignite Corporation Ltd. is a body \vhich i!' sponsored, financed and controlled by the Central Governn1ent. More and more government functions arc being brought under the govern ment undertakings and autonomous bodies. There is considerable mobility from Central Government Departments to the public undertakings. The object of brinp:ing into existence the revised terms and conditions in the G Memorandum dated June 16, 196 7 was to protect the pensionary benefits which the Central Government servants had earned before their absorption mtn the public undertakings. Restricting the applicability ,1[ the revised r\:lcn1orantlum only to those \Vho are absorbed after the coming into force of the said Memorandum, \Vould he defeating the very oh.iect and purpose H

1084

SUPREME COURT REPORTS

[1993] l S.C.R.

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A of the revised Memorandum. It is not disputed that the appellant along with other Central Government employees was sent on foreign service to I he public undertaking in the year 1961. He was absorbed in the year 1964. All those, who joined on foreign serYice alongwith the appellant but were absorbed after June 16, 1967, have been given the benefits under the revi,;ed Memorandum. Denying the same to the appellant would be con trary to fair-play and justice. Assuming that the revised Memorandum is an incentive to attract Central Government employees to public undertak ings, the persons who are so attracted do not become a different class. ~ They join the same class to which the persons like the appellant belong. Therefore, all those Central Government employees who were absorbed in public undertakings either before June 16, 1967 or thereafter and were serving the public undertakings, arc entitled to the benefits provided under the Memorandum dated June 16, 1967.

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We do not, also, find substance in the contention that the revised benefits being new ii could only be prospective in operation and cannot be ..I extended to employees who were absorbed earlier. It is no doubt correct that the Mcmor~ndtnn dated June 16, 1967 is prospective which only means that the benefits therein can be claimed only after June 16, 1967. The Memorandum, however, takes into consideration the past event that is the period of service under the Central Government for the purposes of giving . E pro-rata pension. Whoever has rendered pensionable service prior to Y coming into force of the Memorandum would be entitled to claim the benefits under the said Memorandum. Restricting the benefits only to those who were absorbed in public undertakings after June 16, 1967 would be arbitrary and hit by Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution.

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We may examine the claim of the appellant under the Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 1972 (the Rules). Rule 37 of the Rules is as ~ under:-

"A Government servant who has bei;n permitted to be absorbed in a service or post in or under a corporation or company wholly or substantially owned or controlled by the Government or in or under a body controlled or financed by the Government shall, if such absorption is declared by the Government to be in the public interest, be deen1cd to have retired from service from the date of

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T.S. THIRUVENGADAM v. SECRETARY [KULDIP SINGH, J.] 1085

such absorption and shall be eligible to receive retirement benefits which he may have dected or deemed to have elected, and from such date as may be determined, in accordance with the orders of the Government applicable to him:

Provided that no declaration regarding absorption in the public interest in a service or post in or under such cor poration, company or body shall be required in respect of a Government servant whom the Government may, by order, declare to be a scientific employee."

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Rule 37, thus, provides that a government servant who has been permitted to be absorbed in service in a Central Government public undertaking in public interest, be deemed to ·have retir.ed from service from the date of such absorption and shall be eligible to receive retirement -~benefits in accordance with the orders of the Government applicable to D him. It is not disputed that the appellant was permitted to be absorbed in the Central Government public undertaking in public interest. The appel lant, as such, shall be deemed to have retired from government service from the date of his absorption and is eligible to receive the re\irement benefits. It is no doubt correct that the retirement benefits envisaged under Rule 37 ~·are to be determined in accordance with the government order but the plain language of the rule does not permit any classification while granting the retirement benefits. When the Rule specifically provides that all the persons who fulfil the pre-conditions prescribed therein shall be deemed to have retired from government service from the date of absorption and shall be eligible to receive retirement benefits then the government while granting benefits cannot deny the same to some of them on the basis· of . .Jc arbitrary classification. All those persons who fulfil the conditions under Rule 37 are a class by themselves and no discrimination can be permitted within the said class. The government action in restricting the benefits under the revised Memorandum dated June 16, 1967 only to those who are absorbed after that date goes contrary to the Rule and cannot be sustained. G

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We, therefore, allow the appeal, set aside the judgment of the Central Administrative Tribunal and direct the respondents to grant pro-rata pen sion and other benefits to the appellant under the office Memorandum dated June 16, 1967. The respondents are directed to final\se the. benefits H

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1086

SUPREME COURT REPORTS

(1993] 1 S.C.R.

A within three months from today and all the arrears of pension etc. shall be

paid to the appellant within one month thereafter with 12% interest. Any)._ payment already received by the appellant under the interim order of the' High Court has to be adjusted. The appellant shall be entitled to costs which we quantify as Rs. 10,000.

B

We allow I.A. 4/91 and direct that the applicants therein namely, K.B.L. Mathur, Jaswant Lal Jetlie and C.L. Soni - whose cases are identical to that of the appellant - be also given benefit of the Memorandum date\ June 16, 1967 in similar terms as directed by us in respect of the appellant. These applicants shall, however, be not entitled to costs.

G.N.

Appeal allowed.

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