Makara v Makara (CIV/T 191 of 90) [1990] LSCA 174 (19 November 1990)

IN THE HIGH COURT OF LESOTHO In t he matter between:- MAPHOKA MAKARA (born MAKOSHOLO) Applicant and MOTSOAKAPA MAKARA Respondent J U D G M E NT Delivered by t he Honourable M r. Justice J. L. Kheola on t he 19th day of November, 1990 This is an application for an order in the following " 1. That rule nisi do h e r e by issue calling upon R e s p o n d e nt to s h o w - c a u s e, if a n y, w h y :- (a) Respondent shall n ot be interdicted forthwith from taking t he children a nd causing them to live o ut of Lesotho pending t he determination of C I V / T / 1 9 1 / 9 0; (b) Respondent shall n ot be directed to release to Applicant forthwith Applicant's personal belongings and clothes pending t he determi- nation of CIV/T/191/90; 2/ (c) The custody of t he minor children shall not be granted to Applicant pending the determination of C I V / T / 1 9 1 / 9 0; (d) Respondent shall not be ordered to maintain Applicant and the children in the sum of M200-00 per month for Applicant and M100-00 per child per month pending the determination of C I V / T / 1 9 1 / 9 0; (e) Respondent shall not be directed to pay contribution in the sum of M600-00 towards Applicant's legal f e e s; (f) Respondent shall not be directed to pay t he costs h e r e o f. 2. That prayers 1 (a) and (b) operates with immediate e f f e ct as a temporary interdict." To-day is t he extended return day of the rule nisi that was granted on t he 8th June, 1990. It is common cause that the applicant and the respondent w e re married by civil rites in community of property on t he 5th January, 1980 at Mafeteng and that the marriage still subsists. There are two minor children born of the marriage presently in the custody of t he respondent. They are: Ntsilane, a girl born on the 19th May, 1980 and Liphophi, a girl born on the 21st June, 1982. It is common cause that there a re judicial separation proceedings pending in this Court instituted by the applicant 3/.... and divorce proceedings instituted by respondent. On the 13th A p r i l, 1990 t he respondent caught the applicant red-handed at their marital home with another m an at n i g h t. At about 8.00 p.m. on the 14th M a y. 1990 the respondent expelled t he applicant from their marital h o me and took her to h er brother's home at the Agric C o l l e g e . M a s e r u . H o w e v e r, t he respondent's version is t h at because the applicant continued associating and consorting w i th h er paramour even after they w e re caugnt inflagrante d e l i c to in his h o u s e, he decided to take her to her m a i d en elders for p r o p er counselling. In her founding affidavit the applicant deposes that when t he respondent expelled her he,did n ot allow her to take all her personal belongings and c l o t h e s. She w as also forced to leave t he minor children w i th t he respondent. The respondent has on about two occasions told h er that he c a n n ot release her p e r s o n al belongings and clothes because all t he property she acquired during t he subsistence of the marriage belongs to him because they are married in community of property. The respondent denies this allegation and deposes t h at t he applicant took all her personal belongings and clothes when s he left. Nonetheless, at t he hearing of this application M r. Mahlakeng. attorney for the respondent, admitted that t wo parcels w e re left behind. It is not clear w h e t h er t h o se parcels w e re subsequently handed over to t he applicant. The applicant deposes that she has been reliably informed and verily believes t h at t he respondent is about to t a ke their m i n or children out of Lesotho to live with h er sister who stays 4/ ..... - 4- in the Republic of South Africa with the sole purpose of denying her their custory in the light of the proceedings in CIV/T/191/90. The applicant has denied this allegation. In her replying affidavit the applicant alleges that since the launching of this application she has been to her children's school at Katlehong Primary School and she found out that the registration of her children for the next term had been cancelled by the respondent because he wanted to take the children to the Republic of South Africa to attend school there. This is hearsay evidence. I am of the view that when this application was launched as an urgent matter the applicant was entitled to rely on hearsay evidence. But when she prepared her replying affidavit the matter was no longer urgent because she had an interdict in her favour. She had the chance to go to her children's school to verify that the children were about to be taken out of this country. She has not obtained any supporting affidavit from the Principal of the school concerned from whom she apparently got the information about the cancellation of her children's registration. If it is true that the children's registration was cancelled by the respondent the person who did the cancellation would probably be in a position to tell the Court the reason why the respondent was cancelling the registration. I am unable to decide this point on affidavits. The applicant deposes that the interests of her children will be better protected by her as their mother and not by respondent's sister. In answer to this allegation the respondent alleges that the applicant is not a fit and proper person to be 5/.... a w a r d ed the custody of their c h i l d r e n . He alleges that she is a person of loose morals as evidenced by the incident of the 13th A p r i l, 1990. He alleges that any further or continued exposure of his children to such behaviour would c r i p p le their moral unbrining. He deposes, further that applicant's illicit affair with her current paramour is not t he first of its kind. She will pay m o re attention to her illicit love affairs to the detriment of well b e i n g, moral educational needs of their children. I think these wild allegations that t he applicant has h ad o t h er lovers before the present incident ought to have been more specific by giving names of such lovers. In any case I do n ot think that at this stage it is necessary to decide whether or n ot the applicant is a f it and proper person to be awarded the custody of t he m i n or children. Lastly t he applicant deposes that t he children and she are in need of m a i n t e n a n ce by t he respondent pendente lite in the sum of M100 per child p er m o n th and M200 per month for h e r s e l f. It is not disputed that the respondent is able to provide for their maintenance and to contribute towards a p p l i- cant's legal f e e s. Although there are some disputes of f a c t, I am of t he opinion that the m a t t er can be decided on the facts admitted by t he parties and on the law regarding those admitted f a c t s. It is common cause that on the 13th A p r i l, 1990 the applicant was caught red-handed by the respondent at their marital home with another m a n. I understand this to mean that she was caught under compromising circumstances which sugested that she had just 6/...... - 6- committed adultery with that man or was about to do so. The applicant is therefore guilty of a very serious misconduct which goes to the root of their marriage. In Du Plooy v. Du Plooy, 1953 (3) S. A. 848 the headnote reads as follows:- "In an application for a contribution towards the costs of a matrimonial action, custody of a minor child and maintenance pendente lite, what the applicant has to lay before the Court are facts whereon she, should such facts be proved, would succeed in the main action. Should it appear from the respondent's refutation of such facts that she cannot succeed in the main action, or that the possibility that she will succeed is so small that the hearing of the main action would not be justified, then she fails to discharge the onus and has no claim to a contribution towards costs nor to an order pendente lite in regard to maintenance or the custody of the minor child. Should she succeed in discharging the onus on her, the deciding factor, as regards her claim for the custody of the minor child pending the main action, is what will be in the best interests of the child." The same point was expressed by Schreiner, J. in Butterworth v. Butterworth, 1943 W. L. D. 127 at p. 131 in the following words:- "The weight of authority seems to me to be in favour of the view that it is necessary for the applicant to show that she has a reasonable, and not a merely bars or remote, chance of success, but that such proof is sufficient even if there is a substantial balance of probability against her." - 7- In the instant case the trial court in the main actions of judicial separation and divorce is likely to find that the applicant is guilty of adultery and that her main action for judicial separation is not likely to succeed because she has admitted that she was caught red-handed with another man at night in her marital home. It seems to me that the applicant has failed to wake out a prima facie case. As far as the custody of the minor children pendente lite is concerned there is another factor that weighs in favour of the respondent. He has not done anything wrong which entitles this Court as the upper guardian of minor children to deprive him of his children's custody. In Calitz v. Calitz 193S A. D. 56 at p. 64 Tindall, J. A. said: "The non-existence of the common home, brought about as it has been by the wife's unlawful desertion is not a factor which a Court of law can allow to operate in her favour on the question of the custody of the child. As the learned Judge found that she had no just ground for leaving her husband, her duty is to return to him and look after her child under his roof. That being the position, it is clear that the Court was not entitled to deprive the husband of the custody. The learned Judge held that he was a fit and proper person to have the custody. The father had done nothing which entitled the Court in the exercise of its powers as upper guardian to hold that he had forfeited his right to the custody of the child. The fact that the child, being of tender years, would be better looked after by the mother did not, under the circumstances, justify the order made." It seems to me that the respondent cannot be blamed for the expulsion of the applicant because she was guilty of a very serious misconduct. I do not mean that he was entitled to take the law into his own hands. Staying with a wife who has comitted 0/.... -8- adultery may make cohabitation intolerable and impossible. The respondent does not seem to have used any physical force in the expulsion of the applicant from t he marital h o m e. For the reasons given above I am of the view that the question of maintenance pendente lite a nd contribution towards applicant's legal fees must a l so fail. Furthermore the appli- cant is not in need of support. She earns a salary of M 7 00 per month and that is enough for h er m a i n t e n a n ce I think it is also e n o u gh for h er legal f e e s. In the result orders ( a ), ( c ), ( d ), (e) and (f) of the rule nisi are discharged. Order (b) is confirmed to the extent that the two parcels which w e re left behind should be released to the applicant if they have not yet been released to her. The a p p l i c a nt shall pay four fifths (4/5) of t he respondent's costs. J. L. KHEOLA JUDGE 19th November, 1990. For Applicant - M r. Pheko For Respondent - M r. Mahlakeng.