R v Motenatena (CRI/T 48 of 90) [1990] LSCA 183 (7 December 1990)

IN T HE H I GH C O U RT OF L E S O T HO In t he m a t t er of : R E X v M O K E TE M O T E N A T E NA J U D G M E NT D e l i v e r ed by t he H o n. K r. J u s t i ce M . L. L e h o h la on t he 7th d ay of D e c e m b e r, 1 9 9 0. T he a c c u s ed is c h a r g ed w i th t he m u r d er of M o t e b a ng L e t l a ka w ho d i ed on 18th S e p t e m b e r, 1 9 87 f o l l o w i ng k n i fe w o u n ds he s u s t a i n ed w h i le at U p p er T h a m ae in t he M a s e ru d i s t r i c t. W i th a v i ew to s h o r t e n i ng t he p r o c e e d i n gs t he d e f e n ce c o u n s el a d m i t t ed on b e h a lf of t he a c c u s ed t he p r e p a r a t o ry e x a m i n a t i on d e p o s i t i o ns of t he f o l l o w i ng w i t n e s s e s :- P. W.1 G L e t l a ka P. W.5 Dr S h e i la L u n g e l wa and P . W .9 S g t. ' N e k o. T he c r o wn a c c e p t ed t h e se a d m i s s i o n s. T he a d m i t t ed depositions w e re a c c o r d i n g ly read into t he r e c o r d i ng / m a c h i ne - 2- m a c h i ne a nd i n c o r p o r a t ed i n to t he i n s t a nt p r o c e e d i n g s. E x h i b i ts " A" - t he p o s t - m o r t em r e p o rt - and " B" - t he i d e n t i f i c a t i on p a r a de f o rm w e re a l so a d m i t t e d. P . M . 10 D / T r o o p er R a m a k e o a ne t o ld t he c o u rt t h at on 19th S e p t e m b er 1 9 87 he had c a u se to go to Q u e en E l i z a b e th 11 h o s p i t al m o r t u a ry w h e re he saw t he b o dy of t he d e c e a s e d. T h is w i t n e ss s aw t h at t he b o dy h ad t he f o l l o w i ng i n j u r i es to w i t. ( a) t wo o p en w o u n ds on t he l e ft h a nd s i de of t he c h e s t; ( b) an o p en w o u nd on t he u p p er l e ft a r m; ( c) an o p en w o u nd on t he l e ft t h i gh a nd ( d) s c r a t ch in t he l e ft p a l m. P . W . 10 t h en p r o c e e d ed to t he s c e ne w i th P . W .7 c a p t a in S e m pe and T r o o p er K o m a. W h i le t h e re he s aw b l o od on t he g r o u nd n e xt to w h at u s ed to be L . C . U. P . W . 10 t h en s t a r t ed l o o k i ng f or t he a c c u s ed b ut f a i l ed to f i nd him t h at d ay or t he n e x t. He u l t i m a t e ly f o u nd h im on 2 1 st S e p t e m b e r, 1 9 87 a nd a r r e s t ed h i m. He s e a r c h ed t he a c c u s ed a nd f o u nd a k n i fe E x . " 1" on h i m. He q u e s t i o n ed h im a b o ut it and t he a c c u s ed g a ve h im an e x p l a n a t i on r e g a r d i ng t h is k n i f e. P . W . 10 t h en g a ve t he a c c u s ed t he u s u al c a u t i on w h e r e u p on t he a c c u s ed led P . W . 10 to t he a c c u s e d 's r e s i d e n ce at U p p er T h a m ae w h e re a p a ir of b l ue o v e r a l ls b e a r i ng t he M a l u ti M o u n t a in B r e w e r i es l o go w as f o u n d. T h is is E x . " 2 ". E x h i b it " 2" a n s w e r ed t he d e s c r i p t i on of t he a p p a r el w o rn by t he a c c u s ed on t he d ay of t he e v e n t. T he / d e s c r i p t i on -3- d e s c r i p t i on had b e en g i v en by P . W .4 ' M a n k u tu w ho i d e n t i f i ed t he o v e r a l ls in t he p r e s e n ce of t he a c c u s ed at t he C h a r ge O f f i c e. P . W .7 C a p t a in S e m pe in h er e v i d e n ce t o ld t he c o u rt t h at d u r i ng t he e v e n i ng of 18th S e p t e m b e r, 1 9 87 w h en s he w as a l r e a dy a s l e ep s he h e a rd s o m e o ne s h o u t i ng h er n a m e. S he i d e n t i f i ed t he c a l l e r 's v o i ce as M o i p o n e ' s. F o l l o w i ng P . W .6 M o i p o n e 's r e p o rt P . W .7 t o ok h er v e h i c le a nd p r o c e e d ed to t he s c e ne w h e re s he f o u nd t he d e c e a s ed l y i ng in a r e c l i n i ng p o s i t i on u p on a r u b b le of s t o n es h e a p ed t h e re by L . C . U. r o ad c o n s t r u c t i on w o r k e r s. P . W .7 r e c o g n i s ed t he d e c e a s ed as t he b oy w ho p r e s e n t ly s t a y ed w i th h is m o t h er P. W.6 in P . W . 7 's y a r d. T he d e c e a s ed w as r u s h ed to t he c a s u a l ty s e c t i on of t he h o s p i t al w h e re he w as c e r t i f i ed d e ad s h o r t ly a f t er a r r i v a l. T h e r e u p on P . W .7 w e nt to U p p er T h a m ae p o l i ce p o st to m a ke a r e p o r t. P . W .7 w as c r o s s - e x a m i n ed a b o ut t he d e c e a s e d 's c l o t h i ng and t he p e o p le s he f o u nd at t he s c e n e. My m a in c o n c e rn h o w e v er w as w h e t h er w h en c o n v e y ed by P . W .7 in h er v e h i c le t he d e c e a s ed s u s t a i n ed any f u r t h er i n j u r i e s. I am s a t i s f i ed t h at he did n o t. I am s a t i s f i ed t h at b e c a u se P . W .7 in a n s w er to t he c a ll a b o ut t he d e c e a s e d 's i m p e r i l l ed l i fe w o u ld h a ve b e en f o o l i sh to d e v o te t he r e m a i n i ng p r e c i o us m o m e n ts e x a m i n i ng t he w o u n ds s u s t a i n ed by t he d e c e a s ed at t he s c e ne i n s t e ad of f o r t h w i th t a k i ng him as s he did to a p l a ce w h e re t he d e c e a s e d 's life s t o od a g o od c h a n ce of b e i ng s a v e d. / P . W .3 -4- P. W.3 L i mo S e l e b e l e ng w as at t he t i me of t he e v e n ts e m p l o y ed as a s e c u r i ty g u a rd at P e e te P e e t e 's b ar n ow o w n ed by o ne M o s i a n e. His t h r u st of h is e v i d e n ce w as t h at he had s e en t he a c c u s ed at t he b ar on t he day of t he i n c i d e nt e v en t h o u gh he did not k n ow h is n a m e. He k n ew t he a c c u s ed o n ly f a c i a l l y. He u s u a l ly s aw t he a c c u s ed c o me to t he b ar and d r i n k. L a te in t he e v e n i ng of 18th S e p t e m b er 1 9 87 P. W.4 ' M a n k u tu a s k ed P. W.3 to g r a nt t he d e c e a s e d, w ho w as u n d er a g e, p e r m i s s i on to c o me into t he b ar to look f or his m o t h e r. P e r m i s s i on w as g r a n t e d. T he d e c e a s ed w e nt to his m o t h e r. T he m o t h er P. W.6 g a ve t he d e c e a s ed and P. W.4 w ho w as k n o wn to P. W.3 s o m e t h i ng to d r i n k. P. W.3 said P. W.4 and t he d e c e a s ed w e re d r i n k i ng b e e r. H o w e v er P. W.4 and P. W.6 d e ny t h is v e ry v e h e m e n t l y. I h a ve no d o u bt in my m i nd t h at b e c a u se of his lack of p r o p er a t t e n t i on to w h at t h e se c h i l d r en i . e. t he d e c e a s ed and P. W.4 w e re d r i n k i n g, P. W.3 is n ot c o r r e ct in s a y i ng t h ey w e re d r i n k i ng b e e r. In any e v e nt my o b s e r v a t i on of P. W.3 is t h at he is a m an of very low level of i n t e l l i g e n c e. P. W.3 h a p p e n ed to h a ve g o ne to an o u t - b u i l d i ng n e ar t he g a te a f t er he had s i g n a l l ed in t he b ar t h at it w as c l o s i ng time w h en he saw t he d e c e a s ed go o ut t h r o u gh t he g a te in t he c o m p a ny of P . W . 4. A w h i le l a t er t he a c c u s ed w e nt out t h r o u gh t he g a te f o l l o w i ng t h e m. /A -5- A s h o rt t i me a f t e r w a r ds P . W .4 c a me b a ck r u n n i ng t o w a r ds t he b ar a nd m a de a loud r e p o rt to t he d e c e a s e d 's m o t h e r. F o l l o w i ng t h is r e p o rt P . W .4 a nd a g o od n u m b er of t h o se w ho w e re in t he b ar i n c l u d i ng t he d e c e a s e d 's m o t h er h a s t e n ed to t he s c e ne w h e re t h ey f o u nd t he d e c e a s ed f a l l e n. P . W .3 s aw b l o od in t he c h e st a r ea w h e re t he d e c e a s ed h ad c l u t c h ed h is h a n d. P . W .3 t r i ed to r a i se h im b ut t he d e c e a s ed s l u m p ed b a ck s t i ll c l u t c h i ng at h is c h e s t. T he d e c e a s ed g a ve a f ew k i c ks a nd c o l l a p s e d. P . W .8 T h a b a ng M o s e li a n i g h t - w a t c h m an s t a y i ng s o me 15 p a c es a w ay f r om t he s c e ne a l so c a me n e ar t he s c e ne b ut d id n ot go b e y o nd t he f e n ce l y i ng s o me f i ve p a c es a w ay f r om t he s c e n e. The s c e ne is s a id t6 be 50 p a c es a w ay f r om M o s i a n e 's b a r. T h us it c o u ld be m a de in 3 m i n u t es in a r o u nd t r ip at a f a st p a c e. At a r un it c o u ld e v en t a ke s h o r t e r. In h is e v i d e n ce P. M.8 s a id he w as on n i g ht d u ty at L . C . U. on t he n i g ht of t he i n c i d e n t. He s a id he s aw t wo p e o p le a p p r o a ch t he p l a ce n e xt to h im at a r u n. T h ey w e re c h a s i ng e a ch o t h e r. P . W .8 m o v ed t o w a r ds t h em b ut w as k e pt a w ay f r om t h em by a h i gh f e n ce t h at s u r r o u n d ed t he L . C . U c a m p. H o w e v er he s aw o ne of t he t wo p e o p le g et h o ld of t he o t h er j u st b e y o nd a h i gh h e ap of c r u s h ed s t o n e s. T h en t he o ne b e i ng h e ld w as c r y i ng a nd a s k i ng f or f o r g i v e n e ss f r om h is p u r s u e r. S o me w o m en a s k ed P . W .8 w h e re t he p e r s on w ho w as / c r y i ng -6- c r y i ng w a s. P. W.8 g a ve t h em t he d i r e c t i on by t h r o w i ng a s t o ne at t he s c e ne some ten p a c es b e y o nd t he f e n c e. The t wo t h at he had s e en s e e m ed to h a ve b e en e n g a g ed in a f i g h t. One of t h em fell to the g r o u nd b e f o re the w o m en a r r i v e d. The o ne w ho w as c r y i ng only s t o p p ed c r y i ng w h en t he o t h er left t a k i ng t he d i r e c t i on of M a n t a l o 's p l a c e. The e v i d e n ce of t h is w i t n e ss c a r r i es t he e v e nt j u st a s t a ge f u r t h er t h an w h e re P. W.4 l e a v es h e rs o f f. P. M.4 t e s t i f i ed t h at s he and the d e c e a s ed w e nt l o o k i ng f or the d e c e a s e d 's m o t h er at M o s i e a n e 's b a r. They f o u nd h er and asked h er to go a l o ng w i th t h em h o m e. But she d e l a y ed and g a ve t h em a go a h e ad by l e t t i ng t h em c a r ry h er s l i ng bag w i th t h e m. W h en they had g o ne s o me 30 y a r ds b e y o nd t he g a te t h ey n o t i c ed t h at s o m e o ne w as c h a s i ng a f t er t h em and t h r o w i ng s t o n es at t h e m. W h en t he p u r s u it b e c a me h o t t er and h o t t er P . W .4 s e p a r a t ed f r om t he d e c e a s ed and t u r n ed into L . C . U. c a mp by j u m p i ng o v er or t h r o u gh t he f e n c e. The a c c u s ed p r o c e e d ed h o t ly b e h i nd t he d e c e a s e d, c a u g ht up w i th him and s t a r t ed a s s a u l t i ng h i m. P. W.4 i m m e d i a t e ly and h u r r i e d ly r e t r a c ed h er s t e ps to t he b ar and m a de h er r e p o rt to the d e c e a s e d 's m o t h e r. T he l a t t er h a s t e n ed to the s c e ne in t he c o m p a ny of m a ny o t h e rs i n c l u d i ng P . W . 3. The a c c u s ed m a de m u ch of w h at p r o v ed to be a t o t a l ly i m a g i n ed s e r i es of e v e n ts w h i ch o c c u r r ed in t he b a r. / P . W .4 - 7- P. W.4 denied that t he accused c a me and sat next to her in t he b a r. S he denied t h at he p r o p o s ed love to h e r. She denied that the d e c e a s ed had given p e r m i s s i on to the accused to p r o p o se love to P. W.4 on c o n s i d e r a t i on of beer offered by the accused to him. The accused said he had k e pt P. W.4's company f or a long time in the b a r. But P. W.2 T h a b i so Fosa w ho had kept the a c c u s e d 's company t h r o u g h o ut the period s p e nt by the accused denied t h a t. P. W.2 said the accused a p p r o a c h ed P. W.4 who w as sitting a l o ne w h i le the d e c e a s ed was d a n c i ng and n e v er kept her company beyond two m i n u t e s. The accused said he had also kept company with t he d e c e a s ed and P. W.4 o f f e r i ng them drinks w h i le they w e re thus s e a t e d. But c r e d i b le e v i d e n ce shows that the deceased n e v er sat down but was d a n c i ng t h r o u g h o ut that time e x c e pt when given money to go along with P. W.4 to buy some fat cakes which they failed to g e t. To this e x t e nt it is imperative to reject the a c c u s e d 's v e r s i on as a m e re f i g m e nt of his i m a g i n a t i o n. The a c c u s e d 's e x p l a n a t i on of his e n c o u n t er with t he deceased is that he was o b s t r u c t i ng him w h en he was trying to speak with his "imagined" lover 'Mankutu. He said w h i le he was s i t t i ng with the two w ho had flanked him in the bar he could see that they w e re laughing at him behind his b a c k. R e l i a b le e v i d e n ce shows that t h e re was n e v er any o c c a s i on w h en the two got to s i t t i ng down f l a n k i ng him. He said he was a s t o n i s h ed when the two sneaked out of the bar making it a p p e ar as t h o u gh they w e re due to /return -8- return by leaving h a l f - f u ll g l a s s es of b e er b o u g ht f or them by h i m. The a c c u s e d 's c o n t e n t i on that when the two left it was as t h o u gh they would return is flawed by the fact that t he h a n d - b ag b e l o n g i ng to P. W.6 was carried by her son in a m a n n er that did not s u g g e st t h at he was c o n c e a l i ng i t. H e n ce the fact t h at P. W.3 saw it at the gate w h en the two w e nt p a s t. This was b e f o re P. W.4 took it from the d e c e a s ed and covered it u n d er the coat she was w e a r i n g. The accused a l so u n d e r r a t es the f o r ce of the e v i d e n ce of P. W.6 who was not s e c r e t ly asking t he d e c e a s ed and P. W.4 to go ahead of h e r. It would seem then t h at the accused has bent his mind on giving f a l se e v i d e n ce in this C o u r t. C o n c e r n i ng the injuries he inflicted on t he d e c e a s ed he started off by saying he remembered inflicting only one on the d e c e a s e d 's t h i g h. He p r e t e n d ed that he did not recall inflicting any of t he c h e st w o u n d s. C o n f r o n t ed with the fact that the a b s e n ce of any person at the s c e ne during the interval s p a n n i ng t he time when he was last seen a s s a u l t i ng the d e c e a s ed and the t i me when those responding to the alarm a r r i v ed his lie was even the m o re e x p o s e d. The accused failed to say why he a s s a u l t ed the d e c e a s e d. The a t t e m pt he m a de to raise s e l f - d e f e n ce is undermined by the n u m b er of w o u n ds s u s t a i n ed on the d e c e a s e d 's c h e st any of which would not e n a b le the d e c e a s ed to c o n t i n ue f i g h t i ng a f t er t he f i r st had been inflicted / a s s u m i ng -9- a s s u m i ng e x t r e m e ly c h a r i t a b ly to the accused that at any stage t he d e c e a s ed t h r e a t e n ed h im p h y s i c a l l y. T he a c c u s ed f u r t h er p r e f e r r ed to t h is C o u rt a c o ck a nd b u ll s t o ry t h at t he k n i fe he u s ed w as w r e n c h ed f r om t he d e c e a s e d 's g r a s p. A p a rt f r om t he f a ct t h at in l y i ng as he d id t he a c c u s ed s t r e n g t h e n ed an i n f e r e n ce of g u i lt h is c o n d u ct a f t er t he e v e nt c l e a r ly s h o w ed t h at he h ad k i l l ed t he d e c e a s ed w i t h o ut c a u s e. E v en t h o u gh he m u st h a ve r e a l i s ed t h at he m i g ht h a ve c a u s ed t he d e c e a s ed s e r i o us i n j u ry he n e v er b o t h e r ed to r e p o rt to t he p o l i ce or t he c h i e f, t h at i s, a s s u m i ng h is a s s a u lt on t he d e c e a s ed w as b a s ed on s e l f - d e f e n c e. T h e re w as a c l e ar a t t e m pt on h is p a rt to a v o id t he p o l i c e. He a v o i d ed g o i ng to s t ay at h is o r d i n a ry a nd u s u al p l a ce of r e s i d e n c e. H is c a l l o u s- n e ss is a c c e n t u a t ed by t he f a ct t h at he s o u g ht to m a ke t he c o u rt b e l i e ve t h at t he i n j u r i es he h ad i n f l i c t ed on t he d e c e a s ed w e re of s u ch a m i n or n a t u re t h at it w as no s u r p r i se t h at s o me d a ys l a t er he s aw t he d e c e a s ed w a l k i ng a r o u nd on h is o wn w i th a b a n d a ge w o u nd r o u nd h is l e g. Or a c c o r d i ng to h im s o m e o ne l o o k i ng v e ry m u ch like t he d e c e a s e d. P . W .2 is t he a c c u s e d 's c l o se a c q u a i n t a n ce a nd d r i n k i ng m a t e. He s t r u ck me as i m p r e s s i ve in h is e v i d e n c e. He h ad n e v er h ad a ny q u a r r el w i th t he a c c u s e d, y et h is v e r s i on as to w h at o c c u r r ed in t he b ar is in s h a rp c o n t r a st w i th t he a c c u s e d ' s. P . W . 2 's e v i d e n ce is s u p p o r t ed in a ll m a t e r i al r e s p e c ts by t h at of P . W . 4. 3 / a nd - 1 0- and 6. Needless to say he Mad had c a u se to i m p l i c a te t he a c c u s ed f a l s e ly m o r e so b e c a u se he o f f e r ed t he a c c u s ed beer to d r i nk at t he b a r. T he a c c u s ed m a de a m e r it of t he f a ct t h at he h ad e a r l i er t h at d ay b e en d r i n k i ng l a r ge q u a n t i t i es of w h at he t e r m ed r aw b e er f r om t he p l a ce of his w o rk at t he M a l u ti M o u n t a in B r e w e r y. On t he b e ck of t h at he had a l so t a k en s o me t wo b o t t l es - " q u a rt s i z e *- of b e er b e f o re p r o c e e d i ng to t he b ar w h e re he i n v i t ed P . W .2 to j o in h im in d r i n k s. But f r om P . W . 2 's o b s e r v a t i on t he a c c u s ed d id n ot s e em d r u n k. T h e re w as n o t h i ng p e c u l i a r ly d i s t i n ct a b o ut h im f r om h is u s u al s e lf a f t er d r i n k s. T h is it c o u ld s a f e ly be c o n c l u d ed t h at e v en t h o u gh t he a c c u s ed had t a k en d r i nk he w as n ot d e p r i v ed of h is f a c u l t i es to d i s t i n g u i sh b e t w e en r i g ht and w r o n g. C o n v e r s e ly he w as c a p a b le of f o r m i ng an i n t e n t i on to k i l l. It is c l e ar f r om t he c o n c e n t r a t i on of t he w o u n ds on t he d e c e a s e d 's u p p er p a rt of t he c h e st on t he l e ft t h e r e of t h at he w as p i n n ed d o wn and a f f o r d ed no o p p o r t u n i ty to e s c a p e. T he a c c u s e d 's d e n i al of t h is is j u st a b i z a r re f a r c e. E v en t h o u gh P . W .4 did n ot k n ow t he a c c u s ed b e f o re t h is i n c i d e nt s he had o b s e r v ed h im s u f f i c i e n t ly long in t he b ar and a f t e r w a r ds w h en t he a c c u s ed c h a s ed a f t er h er w e a r i ng t he s a me o v e r a l ls t h at he h ad b e en w e a r i ng in the b ar t h at t h e re c an be no c a se of m i s t a k en i d e n t i t y. M o r e o v er t he a c c u s ed d o es n ot d e ny h is e n c o u n t er at t he s c e ne w i th t he d e c e a s ed e v en t h o u gh t h e re w as a s t r e n u o us / a t t e m pt -11- a t t e m pt by t he d e f e n ce to d i s c r e d it P . W .8 w ho p i c k ed up t he t h r e a ds of e v i d e n ce f r om i m m e d i a t e ly w h e re P . W .4 l e ft o f f. B ut it s h o u ld be b o r ne in m i nd t h at P . W .4 ' M a n k u tu i n d i c a t ed t h at f r om t he p o s i t i on w h e re s he h ad s o u g ht r e f u ge s he w as able' to s ee t h at t he a c c u s ed w ho h ad by t h en f e l l ed t he d e c e a s ed h ad p i n n ed h im to t he g r o u nd and s e e m ed to be h i t t i ng h im r e p e a t e d ly on t he c h e s t. T he d e c e a s ed w as e v en t h en p l e a d i ng f or r e l i ef f r om t he a c c u s e d 's s a v a ge a t t a c k. T he e v i d e n ce of P . W .8 as to t he p l e as of a m an he s aw r u n n i ng t o w a r ds h im is p e r t i n e nt on t he p o i nt r a i s ed by P . W . 4. In t he c i r c u m s t a n e ss it s e e ms to me t h at t he h o l d i ng of t he i d e n t i f i c a t i on p a r a de t h o u gh in m o st c a s es a n e c e s s i ty w as b ut in the i n s t a nt c a se a m e re r e d u n d a n c y. T he p o st m o r t em r e p o rt s h o ws t h at d e a th w as d ue to h a e m o r r h a ge c a u s ed by p u n c t u r ed h e a rt and l u n g. T h is a l o ne s h o u ld s u f f i ce to m a ke it p l a in t h at the a c c u s e d 's c o n t e n t i on t h at he s aw t he d e c e a s ed w a lk a b o ut a ny t i me a f t er t h e se i n j u r i es had b e en i n f l i c t ed d e s e r v es c o n t e m p t u o us r e j e c t i on f or no h ow c o u ld a n y b o dy t h us i n j u r ed and in m o r t al d a n g er of h is l i fe w a l k. H is w a n t on p u r s u it of t he d e c e a s ed f or a d i s t a n ce of no l e ss t h an f o r ty p a c es c u l m i n a t i ng in h is k i l l i ng h im f or no a p p a r e nt r e a s on is all t he m o re d a m n a b le and r e v o l t i n g. It d e r o g a t es f r om a ny f o rm of r e s p e ct f or h u m an l i fe a nd its i n v i o l a b i l i t y. It m a n i f e s ts u t t er d i s r e g a rd f or t he n e ed to p r e s e r ve t he l i fe of a f e l l ow b e i n g. /As -12- As s t a t ed a b o ve t he a c c u s ed h as f a i l ed to s h ow a ny e a r t h ly r e a s on w hy he k i l l ed t he d e c e a s e d. T he c r o wn on t he o t h er h a nd h as p r o v ed t he a c c u s e d 's g u i lt b e y o nd d o u b t. He is a c c o r d i n g ly c o n v i c t ed of t he i n t e n t i o n al a nd u n l a w f ul k i l l i ng of t he d e c e a s e d. My a s s e s s or a g r e e s. J U D G E. 7 th D e c e m b e r, 1 9 9 0. - 1 3- E X T E N U A T I NG C I R C U M S T A N C E S. Drink having been found to c o n s t i t u te e x t e n u a t i ng c i r c u m s t a n c e s, the accused is sentenced to 16 y e a r s' i m p r i s o n m e n t. J U D G E. 7th D e c e m b e r, 1 9 9 0.