UBUSHINJACYAHA v UYISENGA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v UYISENGA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-10-17 - Case/document no.: RPA 00355/2020/HC/NYZ - Collection: High Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v UYISENGA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RPA 00355/2020/HC/NYZ (Badara, P.J.) 17 Ukwakira 2022] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Guhindura igihano mubujurire – Igihano ntayegayezwa - Kuba itegeko riteganya ko uwahamwe n’icyaha afite uburenganzira bwo kujuririra urukiko ruri hejuru y’urwaciye urubanza rumuhamya icyaha bigaragaza ko nta gihano ntayegayezwa giteganywa ku cyaha runaka kuburyo umucamanza uburanisha ubujurire adashobora kugihindura. Incamake y’ikibazo: Urubanza rwatangiriye murukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga Uyisenga Philbert aregwa kuba ku itariki ya 11/8/2019 yarasambanyije umwana w’umukobwa witwa N.S w’imyaka 11. Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo avuga ko ibyo yemeye yabitewe n’inkoni yakubiswe yemera kwibeshyera ari muri RIB. Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Uyisenga Philbert ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize maze ajuririra murukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba asaba kurenganurwa agasobanura ko Urukiko rwamuhanishije gufungwa burundu ku cyaha atakoze, kuko yahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku kagambane hirengagizwa ibimenyetso yatanze bimurenganura akomeza, Urukiko rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kubera ko atashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho. Murubanza rw’ubujurire, urukiko rwasanze kuba Uyisenga aribwo bwa mbere aguye mu cyaha byamubera impamvu nyoroshya cyaha akagabanyirizwa ibihano ariko bitari

cyane kubera ko umwana wakorewe icyaha ari muto. Mu iburanisha, Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Uyisenga Philbert avuga nta shingiro bifite kubera ko mu iburana rye rya mbere atabashije kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, kugeza n’ubu mu mwanzuro we akaba atarigeze abivuguruza. Incamake y’icyemezo: Kuba itegeko riteganya ko uwahamwe n’icyaha afite uburenganzira bwo kujuririra urukiko ruri hejuru y’urwaciye urubanza rumuhamya icyaha bigaragaza ko nta gihano ntayegayezwa giteganywa ku cyaha runaka kuburyo umucamanza uburanisha ubujurire adashobora kugihindura. Bityo Uyisenga Philbert akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, Urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse kubirebana n’ibihano gusa. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 4, 48, 49 na 59 Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 107 Imanza zashingiweho:

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Urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 04/12/2019 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uyisenga Philbert aregwa kuba ku itariki ya 11/8/2019 yarasambanyije umwana w’umukobwa witwa N.S w’imyaka 11 akaba yaramusambanyirije ubwo yari ahengereye bari mu rugo bonyine dore ko uyu Philbert yabaga mu rugo rumwe n’uyu mwana kuko bafitanye n’amasano y’uko ba nyina bava inda imwe babanaga mu rugo ndetse banafitanye isano kuko ba nyina bavukana. [2] Uyisenga Philbert yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, ko ibyo yemeye yabitewe n’inkoni yakubiswe yemera kwibeshyera ari muri RIB, ko n’ubuhamya ise w’umukobwa yatanze butahabwa agaciro kuko yageze aho akabuvuguruza, asaba kurenganurwa kuko nta bimenyetso bimushinja. [3] Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana gihama Uyisenga Philbert. Ruhanisha Uyisenga Philbert igifungo cya burundu. [4] Uyisenga Philbert ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize maze ajuririra muri uru rukiko asaba Urukiko yajuririye kumurenganura, ko Urukiko rwamuhanishije gufungwa burundu ku cyaha atakoze, yahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku kagambane hirengagizwa ibimenyetso yatanze bimurenganura akomeza. Kuba yaremeye icyaha mu bugenzacyaha kwari ukugira ngo arekurwe yitahire. Abatangabuhamya barimo Nyanzira avuga ko yarebye uwo mwana akabona amasohoro mu gitsina cye n’andi ari ku ikariso nyamara

raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko nta bimenyetso bigaragaza ko yarongowe ndetse nayo masohoro ntayo bapimye. Kuvuga ko ngo imvugo ye ihura n’abatangabuhamya, Zirimwabagabo aza kumufata yaje amusaba kwemera icyaha baza kumufata nta mwanya na muto bamuhaye ngo abe yagira uko yisobanura baramukubise cyane, barimo na se w’uwo mwana, uwo mugabo witwa Zirimwabagabo niwe waje amugira inama ngo yemere icyaha ntabwo kuri RIB bamukubita niko byagenze yaragiye aremera koko abona ntakubiswe. Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zihura nizo yavuze nuko ari izo nama yagiriwe. Ibimenyetso by’amasohoro bavuga ntabwo byigeze bigaragazwa kandi ise w’umwana amaze kumenya ukuri yaje kuri RIB avuga ko bamubeshyeraga. [5] Muri uru rubanza ibibazo bigiye gusuzumwa ni ibi bikurikira:  Kumenya niba Uyisenga Philbert yaba yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nta bimenyetso bikimushinja.  Kumenya ibihano byahanishwa Uyisenga Philbert. II. ISESENGURWA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

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A. Kumenya niba Uyisenga Philbert yaba yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nta bimenyetso bikimushinja [6] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, Uyisenga Philbert yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana kubera ko imvugo y’umwana wahohotewe ihura neza n’ibyo Uyisenga Philbert yemereye mu bugenzacyaha, bigahura n’imvugo y’abatangabuhamya bahamya ibyo biboneye ko babonye amasohororo ku gitsina no ku myenda y’umwana, bigashimangirwa n’imvugo y’Umutangabuhamya Nyanzira Marie, asobanura uburyo yasanze uyu mwana ari wenyine arira cyane yamubaza icyo abaye akamubwira ko ari uregwa wamusambanyije na we yamureba ku gitsina akabonaho amasohoro akayabona no ku myenda ye. [7] Mu bujurire bwe, Uyisenga Philbert asaba Urukiko yajuririye kumurenganura, ko Urukiko rwamuhanishije gufungwa burundu ku cyaha atakoze, yahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku kagambane hirengagizwa ibimenyetso yatanze bimurenganura akomeza. Kuba yaremeye icyaha mu bugenzacyaha kwari ukugira ngo arekurwe yitahire. Abatangabuhamya barimo Nyanzira avuga ko yarebye uwo mwana akabona amasohoro mu gitsina cye n’andi ari ku ikariso nyamara raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko nta bimenyetso bigaragaza ko yarongowe ndetse nayo masohoro ntayo bapimye. Kuvuga ko ngo imvugo ye ihura n’abatangabuhamya, Zirimwabagabo aza kumufata yaje amusaba kwemera icyaha baza kumufata nta mwanya na muto bamuhaye ngo abe

yagira uko yisobanura baramukubise cyane, barimo na se w’uwo mwana, uwo mugabo witwa Zirimwabagabo niwe waje amugira inama ngo yemere icyaha ntabwo kuri RIB bamukubita niko byagenze yaragiye aremera koko abona ntakubiswe. Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zihura nizo yavuze nuko ari izo nama yagiriwe. Ibimenyetso by’amasohoro bavuga ntabwo byigeze bigaragazwa kandi ise w’umwana amaze kumenya ukuri yaje kuri RIB avuga ko bamubeshyeraga. [8] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Uyisenga Philbert avuga nta shingiro bifite kubera ko mu iburana rye rya mbere atabashije kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, kugeza n’ubu mu mwanzuro we akaba atarigeze abivuguruza.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [9] Ingingo ya 4 y’itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko Umuntu wese ukorera ku mwana kimwe mu bikorwa bishingiye ku gitsina bikurikira, aba akoze icyaha : 1 º gushyira igitsina mu gitsina, mu kibuno cyangwa mu kanwa k’umwana; 2 º gushyira urugingo urwo arirwo rwose rw’umubiri w’umuntu mu gitsina, cyangwa mu kibuno cy’umwana; 3º gukora ikindi gikorwa cyose ku mubiri w’umwana hagamijwe ishimishamubiri. Iyo umuntu mukuru asambanyije umwana uri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’ine (14), igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanywa kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [10] Urukiko rurasanga nubwo Uyisenga Philbert yaburanye ahakana icyaha abazwa mu bugenzacyaha yemeraga icyaha agasobanura neza ko atinjije igitsina cye mu cy’umwana ahubwo yakoreye inyuma akamusohorera ku gitsina ndetse akavuga ko bimwe byagiye no ku myenda y’uwo mwana, ko yavuye mu isoko guhaha ubwo ageze mu rugo ananiwe ajya mu cyumba araramo araryama kugirango aruhuke umwana nawe yahise aza amubaza icyo yamuzaniye mu isoko

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agakomeza amusaka mu mifuka ye ndetse bigera aho amukora ku gitsina. Byarangiye nawe abishatse nibwo yahise afata umwanzuro wo kwikinisha nyuma umwana nawe amanura ikariso ye yikinishiriza inyuma ku gitsina cy’umwana ariko ntiyigeze yinjizamo yarangirije inyuma y’igitsina. [11] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Uyisenga Philbert avuga ko yemeye icyaha mu bugenzacyaha kwari ukugira ngo arekurwe yitahire nta shingiro byahabwa kubera ibyo yemeye bihura n’ibyo abatangabangabuhamya babonye kuri uwo mwana. Uwitwa Nyanzira Marie avuga ko yajyanye uwo mwana aramwihererana areba mu gitsina asangamo amasohoro agaruka ndetse no ku myenda hariho amasohoro. Zirimwabagabo Anathole avuga ko imyenda y’uwo mwana hariho amasohoro. Ibi abatangabuhamya bavuga bihura nibyo Uyisenga Philbert yivugiye mu bugenzaha aho yavuze ko yakoreye inyuma akamusohorera ku gitsina ndetse akavuga ko bimwe byagiye no ku myenda y’uwo mwana kandi umwana abazwa mu bugenzacyaha uwo mwana yivugiye ko atinjije igitsina cye mu cy’umwana na raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko nta bimenyetso bigaragaza ko yasambanyijwe mu gihe cya vuba ni uko nyine atinjije igitsina cye mu cy’uwo mwana ahubwo yakoreye inyuma ahagana hejuru yacyo nk’uko yabisobanuye abazwa mu bugenzacyaha. [12] Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Uyisenga Philbert nta shingiro bufite kubera ko atashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’ubushacyaha nk’uko biteganywa

n’ingingo ya 107 y’itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ivuga ko iyo icyaha cyabonewe ibimenyetso bikigaragaza, ugikurikiranyweho cyangwa umwunganira ashobora kwerekana impamvu zose yireguza, zerekana ko ikirego kitakwemerwa, zihamya ko icyo aregwa atari icyaha cyangwa se ko ari umwere n’izindi mpamvu zose zivuguruza izimuhamya icyo cyaha. B. Kumenya ibihano byahanishwa Uyisenga Philbert [13] Ingingo ya 4 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko Iyo umuntu mukuru asambanyije umwana uri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’ine (14), igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanywa kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [14] Ingingo ya 49 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. [15] Ingingo ya 58 y’iryo tegeko rimaze kuvugwa haruguru ivuga ko Umucamanza ubwe ni we ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro. Kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bigomba gusobanurwa mu cyemezo cy’urukiko. [16] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Uyisenga Philbert atarinjije igitsina cye mu gitsina cy’umwana agakorera inyuma kandi akaba aribwo bwa mbere aguye mu cyaha byamubera impamvu nyoroshya cyaha akagabanyirizwa ibihano bitari cyane kubera ko umwana wakorewe icyaha ari muto. [17] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwo kuwa 04/12/2019, rwagaragaje ko igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu ntayegayezwa kinyuranye n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa

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30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange igaragaza ibyo umucamanza ashingiraho atanga igihano. Igihano ntayegayezwa kandi kinanyuranye n’ihame ryo guca urubanza rutabera (fair trial) riboneka mu Masezerano Mpuzamahanga ku Burenganzira mu by’Imbonezamubano na Politiki mu ngingo ya 14 (5) ivuga ko: “Everyone convicted of a crime shall have the right to his conviction and sentence being reviewed by a higher tribunal and according to law”. Icyo iyi ngingo iteganya n’uko uwahamwe n’icyaha afite uburenganzira bwo kujuririra urukiko ruri hejuru y’urwaciye urubanza rumuhamya icyaha. Ku birebana n’igihano ntayegayezwa giteganywa ku cyaha runaka, uwo cyahamye ntashobora kujuririra ibirebana n’igihano kuko umucamanza uburanisha ubujurire adashobora kugihindura bitewe n’uko nyine ari ntayegayezwa. Ingingo ya 49 igika cya kabiri y’iri Tegeko yemera ko hashobora kubaho impurirane y’impamvu nkomezacyaha n’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha mu rubanza rumwe ndetse ikanagaragaza uko zitabwaho mu guca urubanza mu magambo akurikira: “Iyo hari impurirane z’impamvu zashingirwaho, umucamanza agomba kwita ku rutonde rukurikira mu kugena igihano: 1º impamvu nkomezacyaha; 2º impamvu nyoroshyacyaha”. Kuba itegeko ryemera ko umucamanza yita ku mpamvu nkomezacyaha no ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha icyarimwe, Urukiko rusanga ibyo ari kimwe mu bigize uburenganzira ku butabera buboneye. [18] Urukiko rurasanga

rushingiye kubimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Uyisenga Philbert yagabanyirizwa ibihano agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [19] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Uyisenga Philbert bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [20] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RP 00610/2019/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ihindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’ibihano. [21] Ruhanishije Uyisenga Philbert igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’itanu (15). [22] Rutegetse ko Uyisenga Philbert asonewe kwishyura amagarama y’urubanza kubera ko yaburanye afunze.