ABAZUNGURA BA MUGARAGU v NYIRAHAKIZIMANA N’UNDI

# ABAZUNGURA BA MUGARAGU v NYIRAHAKIZIMANA N’UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-01-11 - Case/document no.: RCAA00028/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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ABAZUNGURA BA MUGARAGU BAHAGARARIWE NA BIRIKUNZIRA v NYIRAHAKIZIMANA N’UNDI. [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA00028/2022/CA (Rutazana, P.J.) 11 Mutarama 2024] Itegeko rigena ububasha bw’inkiko – ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire – ubujurire bwa Kabiri – gutsindwa kabiri ku mpamvu zimwe – Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe ku rwego rubanza ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye abazungura ba Mugaragu bahagarariwe na Birikunzira barega Nyirahakizimana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge barusaba gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo bavuga ko nawo ugize umutungo uzungurwa wa Mugaragu wagurishijwe n’uregwa, wari umukazana wa Mugarugu, kugira ngo ugarurwe mu mutungo w’umuryago ugomba kuzungurwa. Uwazigira yagobotse ku bushake muri urwo rubanza, atanga inzitizi zinyuranye zigamije kutakira ikirego cy’abazungura ba Mugaragu; naho ku bijyanye n’urubanza mu mizi avuga ko ikirego nta shingiro gifite kuko umutungo uburanwa umwanditseho yaguze mu mwaka wa 1993 na Nyirahakizimana. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00592/2019/TGI/NYGE rwabunashijwe Nyirahakizimana atitabye ariko yarahamagajwe mu buryo bukurikije Amategeko, rwemeje ko inzitizi zo kutakira ikirego zatanzwe na Uwazigira nta shingiro zifite; ku bijyanye n’urubanza mu mizi rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe n’Abazungura ba Mugaragu bahagarariwe na Birikunzira nta shingiro gifite. Abazungura ba Mugaragu bahagarariwe na Birikunzira bajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru/Kigali bavuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko amasezerano y’ubugure agumyeho rwirengagije amategeko n’ibimenyetso bavuga ko bigaragaza uburiganya bwakozwe na Nyirahakizimana wagurishije umutungo w’umuryango wenyine abo bawusangiye batabizi. Uwazigira yireguye avuga ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite kuko umutungo uburanwa yawubonye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ukaba umwanditseho. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00369/2020/HC//KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru narwo rwaburanishijwe Nyirahakizimana adahari rwemeje ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse kuko ubujurire bw’abazungura ba Mugaragu bahagarariwe na Birikunzira nta shingiro bufite; Urukiko rubategeka kwishyura indishyi zitandukanye. Abazungura ba Mugaragu bahagarariwe na Birikunzira bongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ibimenyetso batanze byemeza ko isambu iburanwa ari iy’umubyeyi wabo, basaba uru rukiko gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugure bwayo yahozwe na Nyirahakizimana, no gutegeka ko igarurwa mu mutungo w’umuryango; banasaba guhabwa indishyi zitandukanye. Mbere yo kwiregura ku mpamvu z’ubujurire, Uwazigira yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bw’abazungura ba Mugaragu kuko batsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe. Naho ku birebana n’impamvu z’ubujurire, avuga ko nta shingiro zifite kuko umutungo uburanwa ari uwe kandi yawubonye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Yasabye kandi guhabwa indishyi zitandukanye. Urukiko mu rubanza RCAA0028/2022/CA rwemeje ko inzitizi yatanzwe na Uwazigira ifite ishingiro, ko abazungura ba Mugaragu batsinzwe mu Nkiko za banje ku mpamvu zimwe, bityo ko rutari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Incamake y’icyemezo:

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Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe ku rwego rubanza ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Bityo, impamvu zimwe zisuzumirwa mu mbago z’ibyajuririwe hashingiwe ku ihame rivuga ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu bujurire akagenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe, byumvikanisha ko Urukiko rusuzuma niba impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa mu nkiko zabanje ari zimwe, ntiharebwa niba ibimenyetso ababuranyi batanze ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo byatanzwe no mu rwego rw’ubujurire, cyangwa ko zakoresheje amagambo amwe, ahubwo harebwa niba inkiko zombi zarasubije ku buryo bumwe ingingo zirebana n’ikiburanwa. Muri uru rubanza umuburanyi yatsinzwe kabiri ku mpamvu imwe yo kutabasha kugaragaza ko uwagurishije umutungo uburanwa mu buriganya. Inzitizi y’iburabubasha ifite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, Ingingo ya 52, Imanza zifashishijwe: RC/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC, Road Solution Pavements Product v Mailco Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020; RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC, SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc v University of Rwanda rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020; RCOMAA00012/2022/CA BUFCOFFEE Ltd v TEUSCHER INVEST Ltd, yahindutse KIVUBELT COFFEE Ltd (igika cya 17), rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/07/2022; RCOMAA00042/2023/CA, RODAS IMPORTER AND DISTRIBUTOR Ltd na GASANGWA Jean Baptiste n’abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 06/11/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahagarariwe na Birikunzira Eric bavuga ko mu mwaka 2014 ubwo barimo begeranya imitungo yasizwe n’umubyeyi wabo kugira ngo izungurwe basanze umutungo uherereye mu Kagari ka Nyarurama, Umurenge wa Gatenga, Akarere ka Kicukiro (ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/02/04/2103) waragurishijwe n’umukazana wa Mugaragu Déogratias witwa Nyirahakizimana Vénantie, bagiye kubaza mu Kigo cy’ubutaka basanga koko uwo mutungo wanditswe kuri Uwazigira Béatrice, bituma barega Nyirahakizimana Vénantie mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge barusaba gutesha agaciro ubugure bw’uwo mutungo kugira ngo ugarurwe mu mutungo w’umuryago ugomba kuzungurwa. [2] Uwazigira Béatrice yagobotse ku bushake muri urwo rubanza, anatanga inzitizi zinyuranye zigamije gusaba ko ikirego cy’abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias kitakirwa ashingiye ku mpamvu y’uko kitujuje ibisabwa; naho ku bijyanye n’urubanza mu mizi avuga ko ikirego nta shingiro gifite kuko umutungo uburanwa umwanditseho we n’umugabo we Francis Legrand, ukaba ari umutungo wabo bwite baguze mu mwaka wa 1993 na Nyirahakizimana Vénantie mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kuko yari umukazana wa Mugaragu Déogratias, akaba yaragurishije isambu akomora kuri sebukwe kuko umugabo we nawe yari afite uruhare ku mutungo wa Mugaragu Déogratias.

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[3] Ku munsi w’iburanisha Nyirahakizimana Vénantie ntiyitabye urukiko urubanza ruburanishwa adahari kuko yari yahamagawe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [4] Mu rubanza RCA00592/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuwa 29/10/2020, rwemeje ko inzitizi zo kutakira ikirego zatanzwe na Uwazigira Béatrice nta shingiro zifite; ku bijyanye n’urubanza mu mizi rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe n’Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahagarariwe na Birikunzira Eric nta shingiro gifite; ko ubugure bwakozwe ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI 1/03/02/04/2103 budateshejwe agaciro kandi ko nta ndishyi zigomba gutangwa; naho amafaranga y’amagarama angana n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [5] Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahagarariwe na Birikunzira Eric bajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru/Kigali bagamije kugaragaza ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko amasezerano y’ubugure agumyeho rwirengagije amategeko n’ibimenyetso bavuga ko bigaragaza uburiganya bugaragarira buri wese bwakozwe na Nyirahakizimana Vénantie wagurishije umutungo w’umuryango wenyine abo bawusangiye batabizi, akikubira amafaranga avuyemo. [6] Uwazigira Béatrice yireguye avuga ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite kuko we n’umugabo we umutungo uburanwa bawubonye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kuko nyuma yo kuwugura bahawe icyemezo cy’uko ari uwabo, ndetse mu gihe cy’ibarura ry’ubutaka bawibaruzaho banahabwa icyangombwa cyawo, akavuga kandi ko ibi byanashimangiwe n’ibyemezo by’inkiko zitandukanye1. Na none Nyirahakizimana Vénantie ntiyitabye, urubanza ruburanishwa adahari kuko yari yahamagawe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [7] Mu rubanza RCA00369/2020/HC//KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kigali ku wa 06/10/2022 rwemeje ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse kuko ubujurire bw’Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahagarariwe na Birikunzira Eric nta shingiro bufite ; ko bishyura Uwazigira Béatrice 550.000frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka, ko amafaranga y’amagarama abajuriye batanze ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [8] Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahagarariwe na Birikunzira Eric bongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ibimenyetso batanze byemeza ko isambu iburanwa ari iy’umubyeyi wabo, basaba uru rukiko gutesha agaciro ubugure bwayo ngo kuko butakurikije amategeko no gutegeka ko igarurwa mu mutungo w’umuryango; banasaba guhabwa indishyi z’akababaro kubera kuvutswa uburenganzira ku mutungo uburanwa no gushorwa mu manza ku maherere, no gusubizwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, ay’igihembo cya avoka n’amagarama yatanze kuva ku rwego rwa mbere. [9] Mbere yo kwiregura ku mpamvu z’ubujurire, Uwazigira Béatrice yatanze inzitizi asaba urukiko kutakira ubujurire bw’abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias kuko batsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, bityo ubujurire bwabo bukaba butari mu bubasha bw’uru rukiko. Naho ku birebana n’impamvu z’ubujurire, avuga ko nta shingiro zifite kuko umutungo uburanwa ari uwe kandi yawubonye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Yasabye kandi guhabwa indishyi kubera gukomeza gusiragizwa mu nkiko ku maherere, n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ighembo cya avoka kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire. [10] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 03/01/2024, abajuriye bunganiwe na Me Hagenimana Polycarpe, Uwazigira Béatrice yunganiwe na Me Nkurunziza Jean Damascène na Me Kimonyo Kagame Alexis naho Nyirahakizimana Vénantie atitabye ariko yaramenyeshejwe itariki y’iburanisha mu buryo bukurikije amategeko; urukiko rwemeza ko urubanza ruburanishwa adahari urubanza rukazafatwa nk’aho rwaburanishijwe ahari, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 54 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo

1 RC0122/13/TGI/NGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa NYARUGENGE kuwa 24/10/2013, urubanza RCA0044/14/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 21/11/2014, urubanza RCAA 0047/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 30/09/2016, urubanza RP 00118/2017/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa NYARUGENGE kuwa 05/04/2018, Urubanza RPA 00505/18/HC/KIG na RPA 00506/18/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 31/10/2018.

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n’iz’ubutegetsi; urubanza ruburanishwa ku nzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’urukiko yatanzwe na Uwazigira Béatrice. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahagarariwe na Birikunzira Eric baratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe [11] Me Kagame Kimonyo Alexis na Me Nkurunziza Jean Damascène bunganira Uwazigira Béatrice, bashingiye ku ngingo ya 52 igika cya 3 y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo kuwa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ko ubujurire bwa kabiri budashobora kwakirwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwatanzwe n’Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahagarariwe na Birikunzira Eric ngo kuko nabo batsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [12] Basobanura ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahagarariwe na Birikunzira Eric batanze ikirego basaba gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugure yakozwe ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/02/04/2103 uherereye mu Kagari ka Nyarurama, Umurenge wa Gatenga, Akarere ka Kicukiro, bavuga ko ari uw’umuryango wa Mugaragu Déogratias; maze mu rubanza rwaciwe n’urwo rukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cyabo nta shingiro gifite rushingiye ku kuba batagaragaza ko umutungo uburanwa wagurishijwe mu buriganya; bavuga ko urukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 3 n’iya 4 z’Itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryazo, rwasobanuye ko uhagarariye abarega atagaragaza ko umutungo wagurishijwe mu buriganya kuko nawe yivugira ko Nyirahakizimana Vénantie ari we wawugurishije akaba agomba kuba ariwe uwuryozwa, ariko kuko batagaragaza ko nta ruhare yari awufiteho, abaguze bakaba baraguze mu buryo bukurikije amategeko nk’uko babigaragariza ibimenyetso kuva kuwa 13/05/1993. [13] Abunganira Uwazigira Béatrice bavuga ko ibyo ari nabyo byagarutsweho n’Urukiko Rukuru mu isesengura rwakoze mu gika cya 34 cy’urubanza RCA00369/2020/HC/KIG ku rupapuro rwa 14 n’urwa 15; ko n’ubwo ibisobanuro bitanditswe mu magambo amwe, ariko izo nkiko zombi zasanze umutungo uburanwa utaragurishijwe mu buriganya kuko nta bimenyetso abarega bagaragaje byerekana ukuri kw’ibyo bavuga; bavuga kandi ko inkiko zombi zashingiye ku kuba Nyirahakizimana Véstine yaremeye ko yagurishije uwo mutungo. [14] Me Hagenimana Polycarpe wunganira Birikunzira Eric uhagarariye Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias avuga ko inzitzi y’iburabubasha nta shingiro ifite kuko batatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Asobanura ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko ikirego cy’Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias nta shingiro gifite rushingiye ku kuba Nyirahakizimana Vénantie, n’ubwo atabonetse ngo agire ibyo arusobanurira, ariko na we yemera ko yagurishije umutungo uburanwa, akaba ari we ugomba gukurikiranwa ariko umutungo ugomba kuguma mu maboko ya Uwazigira Béatrice kuko afite ibyangombwa byawo kandi abarega bataragaragaje ibimenyetso by'uko wagurishijwe mu buriganya; akavuga ko izi mpamvu zitandukanye n’izashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru mu isesengura rwakoze mu gika cya 32 cy’urubanza RCA00369/2020/HC//KIG; avuga kandi ko ibyo kwemera ko yagurishije umutungo bitashingirwaho kuko Nyirahakizimana Vénantie atigeze yitaba urukiko. Uko urukiko rubibona [15] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba inkiko zombi zabanje zarashingiye ku mpamvu zimwe mu kwemeza ko ikirego cy’Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahagarariwe na Birikunzira Eric nta shingiro gifite, byaramuka bigaragaye ko ari zimwe ubujurire bwabo ntibwakirwe kuko buba butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko.

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[16] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3, y’itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ibikurikira ko ubujurire bwa kabiri budashobora kwakirwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [17] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri ari zimwe kigomba gusuzumwa hasesengurwa imikirize y’urubanza kuri izo nzego zombi, ingingo z’ingenzi zasuzumwe n’impamvu buri rukiko rwashingiyeho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo. [18] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, mu manza zitandukanye2 zasobanuye ko mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe ku rwego rubanza ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Izo manza kandi zasobanuye ko ibi byumvikanisha ko impamvu zimwe zisuzumirwa mu mbago z’ibyajuririwe hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe. [19] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kandi mu rubanza RCOMAA0048/16/CS rwaciwe ku wa 19/05/2017 haburana RRA na SODAR Ltd, rwasobanuye ko mu gusuzuma ko impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa mu nkiko zombi ari zimwe, hatarebwa niba ibimenyetso ababuranyi batanze ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo byatanzwe no mu rwego rw’ubujurire, cyangwa ko zakoresheje amagambo amwe, ko ahubwo harebwa niba inkiko zombi zarasubije ku buryo bumwe ingingo zirebana n’ikiburanwa. [20] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, dosiye igaragaza ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bareze basaba gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI 1/03/02/04/2103 wagurishijwe na Nyirahakizimana Vénantie ugurwa na Francis Legrand n’umugore we Uwazigira Béatrice, bakavuga ko uwo mutungo ukomoka kuri Mugaragu Déogratias bityo ukaba ugomba kugaruka mu mutungo uzungurwa abazungura be bose bakawugiraho uburenganzira. [21] Urukiko rusanga mu rubanza RC00592/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuwa 29/10/2020, urwo rukiko rwarasuzumye ikibazo nyamukuru cyo kumenya niba ubugure bwakozwe bukwiriye guteshwa agaciro, maze rusanga abarega bataragaragaje ko umutungo uburanwa wagurishijwe mu buriganya kuko nabo bivugira ko wagurishijwe na Nyirahakizimana Vénantie kandi uyu nawe akaba yemera ko yawugurishije koko, ariko abarega bakaba batagaragaza ko nta ruhare yari awufiteho; ko rero abaguze umutungo uburanwa bawuguze mu buryo bukurikije amategeko nk’uko babigaragariza ibimenyetso kuva mu mwaka wa 1993. [22] Urukiko rusanga mu rubanza RCA00369/2020/HC//KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kigali ku wa 06/10/2022, aho Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bari bajuriye bagamije kugaragaza ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko amasezerano y’ubugure agumyeho rwirengagije amategeko n’ibimenyetso byatanzwe ngo byerekana uburiganya bugaragarira buri wese bwakozwe na

2 Muri izi manza harimo : RC/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020 haburana Road Solution Pavements Product na Mailco Ltd; - RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020 haburana SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc na University of Rwanda; - RCOMAA 00012/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/07/2022 haburana BUFCOFFEE Ltd na TEUSCHER INVEST Ltd, yahindutse KIVUBELT COFFEE Ltd (igika cya 17). - RCOMAA 00042/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 06/11/2023 haburana RODAS IMPORTER AND DISTRIBUTOR Ltd na GASANGWA Jean Baptiste n’abandi.

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Nyirahakizimana Vénantie wagurishije umutungo w’umuryango wenyine abo bawusangiye batabizi, akikubira amafaranga avuyemo, Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye ubu bujurire mu bibazo bibiri: ikibazo nyamukuru kijyanye no kumenya niba ubugure bwakozwe bwateshwa agaciro, n’ubwo mu kugaragaza ikibazo gisuzumwa Urukiko Rukuru rutakoresheje amagambo ahuye neza n’ayakoreshejwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, kuko mu Rukiko Rukuru hakoreshejwe amagambo agira ati: “Kumenya niba Nyirahakizimana Vénantie kugurisha wenyine kandi yari awusangiye n’abandi bazungura maze amafaranga awuvuyemo arayikubira byabazwa uwaguze; n’ikindi kibazo3 cyo kumenya niba harirengagijwe ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahagarariwe na Birikunzira Eric . [23] Isesengura ry’imanza zaciwe n’inkiko zombi zabanje rigaragaza ko zombi zahurije ku cyemezo cy’uko ikirego cy’Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias gisaba gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugure yakozwe ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI 1/03/02/04/2103 ateshwa agaciro uwo mutungo ugasubizwa mu mutungo ugomba kuzungurwa, nta shingiro gifite. Mu gusuzuma niba Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahagarariwe na Birikunzira Eric baratsinzwe muri izo nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, haritabwa ku kibazo nyamukuru inkiko zombi zasuzumye cyo kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubugure bw’uwo mutungo agomba guteshwa agaciro; n’ubwo nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru amagambo yakoreshejwe n’izo nkiko mu kugaragaza ikibazo gisuzumwa atari amwe neza, ariko harebwe ibisobanuro bitangwa n’ababuranyi, icyo ibyo bibazo byombi bigamije kandi bihuriyeho ni ukumenya niba amasezerano y’ubugure yakozwe hagurishwa umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI1/03/02/04/2103 agomba guteshwa agaciro uwo mutungo ugasubira mu maboko y’abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias. [24] Uru rukiko rurasanga impamvu zashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge mu gusubiza iki kibazo zigaragara ku rupapuro rwa 5 rw’urubanza RCA00592/2019/TGI/NYGE, mu gika cyarwo cya 9, aho rwasobanuye ko urega atagaragaza ko umutungo uburanwa wagurishijwe mu buriganya kuko yivugira ko wagurishijwe na Nyirahakizimana Vénantie kandi uyu nawe (Nyirahakizimana Vénantie) akaba yemera ko koko ari we wawugurishije, kandi urega akaba atagaragaza ko nta ruhare Nyirahakizimana Vénantie yari afite kuri uwo mutungo; ko abaguze baguze mu buryo bukurikije amategeko nk’uko babigaragariza ibimenyetso kuva mu mwaka wa 1993. [25] Naho impamvu zashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru mu gusubiza ikibazo nyamukuru zigaragara ku rupapuro rwa 14 n’urwa 15 bw’urubanza RCA00369/2020/HC/KIG mu gika cya 34, aho rwasobanuye ko abaregwa ubwabo mu kirego cyabo bivugira ko Nyirahakizimana Vénantie ari umukazana wa Mugaragu Déogratias akaba yaragurishije iyo sambu abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahari, akayibyazamo indi yaguze i Nzige ari nayo atuyemo ubu; ko abaguze uwo mutungo ari bo ba nyirawo kuko bafite ibyangombwa byawo bahawe n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha. [26] Urukiko rurasanga rero ku kibazo nyamukuru cyasuzumwe mu manza zombi, Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahagarariwe na Birikunzira Eric baratsinzwe n’uko inkiko zombi zasanze nta kigaragaza ko ubugure bwakozwe mu buriganya kuko Nyirahakizimana Vénantie wawugurishije ari umwe mu bagize umuryango wa Mugaragu Déogratias kuko ari umukazana we (ni ukuvuga umugore w’umuhungu we), kandi n’abareze bakaba babyemera, bakaba batanagaragaza ko nta ruhare yari afite kuri uwo mutungo; inkiko zombi zikaba zarasanze yari afite uruhare ku mutungo yagurishije kuko na nyuma yo kuwugurisha yimutse akawubyazamo undi yaguze mu Karere ka Rwamagana ari nawo atuyemo ubu; inkiko zombi zikaba zaranasanze abaguze uwo mutungo banawufitiye ibyangombwa bahawe n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha guhera mu mwaka wa 1993 bagomba kuwugumana.

3 N’ubwo ibi bibazo byatandukanyijwe ariko mu by’ukuri iki kibazo cya kabiri si ikibazo cyihariye ahubwo byombi bijya mu mujyo umwe wo kumenya niba ubugure bw’umutungo wavuzwe bwarakozwe mu buriganya ku buryo bukwiriye guteshwa agaciro, kuko abajuriye bavugaga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwirengagije amategeko n’ibimenyetso rwashyikirijwe bigaragaza ko Nyirahakizimana Venantie yagurishije uwo mutungo w’umuryango mu buriganya abo bawusangiye batabizi; mu by’ukuri ibi bikaba ari nabyo byasuzumwe mu kibazo nyamukuru; kandi mu gusubiza kuri iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire ijyanye n’ibimenyetso Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rwaremeje ko nta shingiro ifite kuko abajuriye batagaragaje ibyo bavuga byirengagijwe bigaragaza ko amasezerano y’ubugure yakozwe mu buriganya.

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[27] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa. Urukiko rurasanga Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias baratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu imwe yo kutagaragaza ko umutungo uburanwa wagurishijwe mu buriganya, bityo ubujurire bwabo bukaba butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [28] Urukiko rurasanga nta kindi gisigaye gusuzumwa mu byasabwe n’Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias mu bujurire bwabo kuko butakiriwe. Kumenya niba indishyi z’akababaro, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka bisabwa na Uwazigira Beatrice bifite ishingiro [29] Me Kagame Kimonyo Alexis na Me Nkurunziza Jean Damascène bunganira Uwazigira Béatrice bashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 152 y’Itegeko N° 22/5018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ku ngingo za 19 y’Amabwiriza N° 01/2014 yo kuwa 18/07/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka mu Rwanda, iteganya ko ingano y’ibihembo igenwa hashingiwe ku bwoko bw’ibigomba gukorwa, ku mwanya isuzuma n’isesengura rya dosiye bitwara, uko dosiye ikomeye, ubuhanga bukenewe, ndetse n’inyungu z’amafaranga cyangwa izindi umukiriya abona, basaba Urukiko rw’ubujurire gutegeka abaregwa kumuha indishyi zingana na 5.000.000frw kubera gukomeza gusiragizwa mu nkiko ku maherere, na 3.000.000frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ighembo cya Avoka yo kuri uru rwego rw’Ubujurire. [30] Me Hagenimana Polycarpe wunganira Birikunzira Eric uhagarariye abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias avuga ko idishyi n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka bisabwa nta shingiro bifite kuko ari Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bafite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana umutungo w’umuryango ku buryo bityo bakaba badakwiriye kubitangira indishyi. Uko urukiko rubibona [31] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira : “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [32] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa na Uwazigira Béatrice akwiriye kuyahabwa kuko inzitizi yataze ifite ishingiro kandi bikaba byarabaye ngombwa ko ashaka abamuburanira kuri uru rwego; bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 yavuzwe haruguru urukiko rukaba rumugeneye mu bushishozi bwarwo 500.000frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuko ayo asaba ari menshi harebwe aho urubanza rugarukiye, agomba gutangwa n’Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahagarariwe na Birikunzira Eric. III.ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [33] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na Uwazigira Béatrice ifite ishingiro. [34] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bw’Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahagarariwe na Birikunzira Eric butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [35] Rutegetse Abazungura ba Mugaragu Déogratias bahagarariwe na Birikunzira Eric kwishyura Uwazigira Béatrice 500.000frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego.