ABAZUNGURA BA RUGAMBWA

ABAZUNGURA BA RUGAMBWA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2015-06-19 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0045/12/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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ABAZUNGURA BA RUGAMBWA v. MICROFINANCE INKINGI Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMA 0045/12/CS (Mutashya, P.J., Munyangeri na Gakwaya, J.) 19 Kamena 2015] Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Amasezerano y’inguzanyo – Inyungu z’ubukererwe ku nguzanyo – Iyo amasezerano atubahirijwe uwahawe inguzanyo aba agomba kwishyura inyungu z’ubukererwe ziteganyijwe mu masezerano, Itegeko n°45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano , ingingo ya 64 n’iya 65. Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Ibarwa ry’inyungu z’ubukererwe – Kuba uwafashe inguzanyo yitaby’ Imana mbere yuko urubanza yajuririye rucibwa rukagena inyungu z ubukererwe zigomba kwishyurwa, n’impamvu ituma izo inyungu z’ubukererwe zidakomeza kubarwa nk’uko byari byumvikanyeho mu masezerano, Itegeko n° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano,ingingo ya 93. Inca:make y’ikibazo: MICROFINANCE INKINGI yahaye Rugambwa Patrice inguzanyo ingana na 10.000.000 frws yagombaga kwishyura mu gihe cy’amezi 18 ibariwe ku nyungu zisanzwe za 3% ariko yarenza igihe cyo kwishyura inyungu z’ubukererwe zikabarwa kuri 5% buri kwezi. Ntiyabashije kwishyura iyo nguzanyo maze MICROFINANCE INKINGI imurega mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi isaba kwishyurwa umwenda wose hamwe n’inyungu zawo zisanzwe n’izu’ubukererwe. Uru Rukiko rutegeka Rugambwa kuyishyura umwenda wose hamwe n’inyungu. Rugambwa yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko

Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwageneye MICROFINANCE INKINGI inyungu z’ikirenga nta mpamvu, asaba urukiko kumukuriraho inyungu z’ubukererwe, avuga ko kutishyura byatewe n’uburwayi yagize, akaba kandi yarabimenyesheje banki. Mbere yuko urubanza ruburanishwa mu mizi, Rugambwa yaje kwitaba Imana, urubanza rukomezwa n’abazungura be. Abazungura ba Rugambwa bavuga ko badahakana umwenda bafitiye banki ungana na 10.000.000 frws. Bakaba barajuriye basaba urukiko kubakuriraho inyungu z’ubukererwe kubera ko nyakwigendera yagaragaje ko arwaye atagifite imbaraga zo gukomeza kwishyura, basaba kuzishyura umwenda remezo wari usigaye gusa, bikazakorwa n’umwana we Pauline arangije kwiga, ariko Urukiko rurabyirengagiza, rumutegeka kwishyura amafaranga yose hamwe angana na 28.000.000 frws. MICROFINANCE yo ikavuga ko kuva Rugambwa yafata uwo mwenda atigeze yishyura ifaranga narimwe kandi abazungura be bakavuga ko ari abakene badafite ubushobozi bwo kwishyura. Ikomeza ivuga ko inyungu zigomba kwishyurwa, zigakomeza kubarwa kugeza umwenda wose wishyuwe ukarangira nkuko biteganywa mu masezerano kuko zikomoka ku masezerano yagiranye na Rugambwa, zabazwe akiriho, kandi akaba ariwe wajuriye akiriho. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Iyo amasezerano atubahirijwe uwahawe inguzanyo aba agomba kwishyura inyungu z’ubukererwe ziyateganyijwemo, Uwahawe inguzanyo ntayishyure ku gihe aba agomba kwishyura inyungu z’ubukererwe.

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2. Kuba uwahawe inguzanyo yaraje kwitaba Imana mbere y’uko uru rubanza yari yajuririye rurangira nk’uko bigaragazwa na attestation de décès iri muri dosiye, n‘ impamvu ituma inyungu z‘ubukererwe zidakomeza kubarwa nk’uko byari byumvikanweho mu masezerano, abazungura b’uwahawe iyo nguzanyo bakaba batagomba kuyishyuzwa. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Ubujurire bwuririye kubundi bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye kuwareze. Amategeko yashingiweho Itegeko n° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano,ingingo ya 64 n’iya 93. Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku nguzanyo MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd yahaye RUGAMBWA Patrice kuwa 14/10/2008 ingana na 10.000.000 Frw yagombaga kwishyurwa mu gihe cy’amezi 18, akaba yaragombaga kujya yishyura inyungu buri kwezi zingana na 3% n’inyungu z’ubukererwe zingana na 5% ku kwezi. [2] MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd ivuga ko RUGAMBWA Patrice atubahirije amasezerano bagiranye iregera Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi isaba kwishyurwa umwenda remezo n’inyungu zawo. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko RUGAMBWA Patrice atsinzwe, rumutegeka kwishyura MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd umwenda wose ayibereyemo ungana na 28.144.445 Frw abazwe ku buryo bukurikira: 9.444.445 Frw y’umwenda remezo, 10.200.000 Frw y’inyungu zisanzwe na 8.500.000 Frw y’inyungu z’ubukererwe, rumutegeka kandi gutanga 600.000

Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 6000 Frw y‘igarama. [3] RUGAMBWA Patrice ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo, maze akijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko rwageneye MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd inyungu z’ikirenga kandi nta mpamvu, hakaba hari hasabwe ko hakurwaho inyungu z’ubukererwe kubera ko gutinda kwishyura bitatewe n’ubuhemu ahubwo byatewe n’uburwayi kandi bukaba bwaratangiwe ibimenyetso na MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd ubwayo ikaba yari yaramenyeshejwe iby’ubwo burwayi, Urukiko rukaba rwari kubiheraho rumugabanyiriza inyungu z’ubukererwe. Mbere y’uko urubanza ruburanishwa mu mizi muri uru Rukiko, RUGAMBWA Patrice yaje kwitaba Imana nk’uko bigaragazwa na „Certificat de décès“ iri muri dosiye, urubanza rukomezwa n’abazungura be bahagarariwe na UMUHOZA Pauline. [4] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 12/05/2015, UMUHOZA Pauline uhagarariye abazungura ba RUGAMBWA Patrice yitabye yunganiwe na KARANGWAYIRE Epiphanie naho MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd iburanirwa na Me MUVUNYI Jean Pascal.

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II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba inyungu z’ubukererwe MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd yishyuza RUGAMBWA zakurwa mu mubare w’amafaranga yose yagombaga kuyishyura kubera uburwayi yagize [5] Me KARANGWAYIRE Epiphanie avuga ko abo aburanira badahakana umwenda ungana na 10.000.000 Frw wahawe RUGAMBWA Patrice ariko impamvu yatumye bajurira ari uko mu gufata icyemezo Umucamaza wa mbere hari ibyo atitayeho kuko RUGAMBWA Patrice mu mafaranga yari yagurijwe n’ubwo atayishyuye yose yari asigaje kwishyura agera kuri 9.444.445 Frw, ndetse baburana akaba yaragaragaje ko arwaye atagifite imbaraga zo gukomeza kwishyura umwenda, ariko mu gufata icyemezo urukiko rwirengagiza ibyo byose rumutegeka kwishyura amafaranga yose hamwe angana na 28.750.445 Frw rwirengagije ko kutubahiriza amasezerano bitamuturutseho ahubwo byatewe n’uburwayi ndetse bugeza n’aho bumuhitana, bikaba bitanumvikana ukuntu MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd yakomeje kubara inyungu z’ubukererwe kugeza mu mwaka wa 2014. [6] Asaba Urukiko guca inkoni izamba ku muryango wasizwe na RUGAMBWA Patrice bakoroherezwa bakishyura gusa umwenda remezo wari usigaye ndetse bagakurirwaho inyungu z’ubukererwe hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo za 92, 93 na 94 z’Itegeko n°45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, kuko uwo muryango umerewe nabi cyane kuko nta kintu ufite cyane cyane ko na UMUHOZA Pauline uhagarariye abandi akiri

muto cyane akaba atararangiza kwiga kugira ngo akore abone uko yishyura. [7] UMUHOZA Pauline avuga ko umwenda wafashwe n’umubyeyi wabo bawemera ariko bitewe n’ibibazo barimo nyuma y’uko umubyeyi wabo yitaba Imana nta kintu abasigiye, Urukiko rwaborohereza akazishyura umwenda remezo wari usigaye ungana na 9.444.445 Frw mu gihe yaba arangije kwiga. [8] Me MUVUNYI Jean Pascal avuga ko abazungura ba RUGAMBWA Patrice bemera umwenda yafashe ariko bakavuga ko badafite ubwishyu ngo kuko ari abakene, ibyo akaba asanga nta shingiro bifite kuko kuva bagirana amasezerano na RUGAMBWA Patrice ku wa 29/08/2009 nta faranga na rimwe yigeze yishyura kandi muri ayo masezerano akaba yarabagaragarije ko ubwishyu buzava mu kugurisha imigwegwe, ikibanza ndetse n’imodoka, bikaba bitumvikana aho byagiye nyuma y’uko RUGAMBWA Patrice yitabye Imana. [9] Avuga ko inyungu bishyuza zikomoka ku masezerano bagiranye na RUGAMBWA Patrice zigomba gutangwa kuko zabazwe akiriho kandi akaba ariwe wajuriye akiriho byongeye kandi amasezerano bagiranye mu mwaka 2009 akaba atarebwa n’Itegeko n°45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano kandi hari Itegeko ryihariye rigenga za MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd rigomba gukoreshwa. [10] Avuga kandi ko ikindi batumvikanaho ari uko ibyo bemeraga ku rwego rwa mbere babikuyeho kuko mu mwanzuro wakozwe na Me Jean Maurice MUGABONABANDI yagaragazaga ko ashobora kwishyura 15.000.000 Frw ariko mu kujurira bavuga ko bakwishyura 9.444.445 Frw, ko ndetse RUGAMBWA Patrice ajurira, yavugaga ko inyungu zari nyinshi

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ntabwo yajuriye asaba ko zavanwaho nk’uko bo babivuga, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko bagiye hanze y’icyajuririwe. Uko Urukiko rubibona [11] Ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko n°45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano iteganya ko «amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n'amategeko. Agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya» naho ingingo ya 65 y’iryo tegeko igateganya ko «amasezerano ntategeka gusa icyemejwe ahubwo yongeraho n'ingaruka ugushyira mu kuri, imigenzereze cyangwa amategeko byageneye inshingano bikurikije kamere yayo». [12] Muri uru rubanza, RUGAMBWA Patrice yajurijwe ahanini no gusaba ko inyungu z’ubukererwe MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd imwishyuza zakurwa mu mubare w’amafaranga yose agomba kuyishyura. [13] Mu mwanzuro yatanze muri uru Rukiko, RUGAMBWA Patrice avuga ko MICROFINANCE Inkingi itagombaga kumwishyuza inyungu z’ubukererwe kubera ko gutinda kwishyura bitatewe n’ubuhemu, ahubwo byatewe n’uburwayi kandi bukaba bwaratangiwe ibimenyetso na MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd ubwayo ikaba yari yaramenyeshejwe iby’ubwo burwayi. [14] Urukiko rusanga ku itariki ya 14/10/2008, MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd yarahaye RUGAMBWA Patrice inguzanyo y’ubuhinzi ingana na 10.000.000Frw yagombaga kwishyura mu gihe cy’amezi 18 ibariwe ku nyungu za 3% ku kwezi, ariko yaramuka arengeje igihe cyo kwishyura,

agatangira kubarirwa inyungu z’ubukererwe zingana na 5% ku kwezi, kandi n‘inyungu zisanzwe zigakomeza kubarwa. [15] Urukiko rurasanga nyuma yaho RUGAMBWA Patrice yandikiye MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd ibaruwa ku wa 25/11/2009 ayimenyesha ko kutishyura ku gihe byatewe n’uburwayi yagize asaba gukurirwaho inyungu z’ubukererwe no kuzihagarika, ndetse muri iyo baruwa asaba ko bamwihanganira akongererwa igihe cyo kwishyura, ku itariki ya 28/12/2009 barongeye kugirana andi masezerano mashya aho bumvikanye ko RUGAMBWA Patrice azishyura umwenda mu mpera z‘ukwezi kwa gatatu 2010, ndetse yiyemeza ku buryo budasubirwaho ko umusaruro wa «SISAL» ari ingwate y’ubwishyu bwa MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd, ndetse ko amafaranga yose azavamo azishyura umwenda kugeza aho ushiriyemo wose. [16] Urukiko rusanga kuba RUGAMBWA Patrice yarongerewe igihe cyo kwishyura nk’uko bimaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, bigaragaza ko MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd yumvise ikibazo yagize aribyo byatumye igirana nawe andi masezerano mashya ndetse ayashyiraho umukono ubwe, ariko muri dosiye akaba nta kigaragaza ko yayubahirije nk’uko yari yabyiyemeje, bityo nk’uko Umucamanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi yabyemeje akaba nta kosa yakoze yemeza ko RUGAMBWA Patrice agomba gutegekwa kubahiriza ayo masezerano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 64 na 65 z’Itegeko n°45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano yavuzwe haruguru.

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[17] Ku birebana n’inyungu RUGAMBWA Patrice yabariwe ariko akaba atazemera, avuga ko Urukiko rwageneye MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd inyungu z’ikirenga kandi nta mpamvu, Urukiko rusanga nta karengane yakorewe kuko inyungu z’ubukererwe yabariwe atarizo yahimbiwe ahubwo ko ziteganyijwe mu masezerano bagiranye kandi akaba ari ko ibikora kuri buri mukiriya wese wa MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd, bityo ibyagenwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi bigomba kugumaho. Ku birebana n’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi [18] Me MUVUNYI Jean Pascal avuga ko ingingo ya 2 y‘amasezerano MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd yagiranye na RUGAMBWA Patrice, iteganya ko inyungu zikomeza kubarwa kugeza igihe umwenda wishyuriwe, ko rero kuba abazungura ba RUGAMBWA kugeza ubu batarishyura umwenda inyungu zigomba gukomeza kubarwa kugeza igihe umwenda wishyuriwe . [19] Avuga kandi ko mu ngingo ya 3 y’ayo masezerano, impande zombi zumvikanye ko RUGAMBWA Patrice azirengera amafaranga azakoreshwa mu kwishyuza no gukurikirana urubanza, kubera ko atishyuye akaba ariwe washoye MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd mu manza akwiye kubyirengera, bityo akaba agomba gucibwa amafaranga yo kwishyuza, ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka angana na 15.369.822 Frw cyane cyane ko akubiye mu masezerano bagiranye. [20] Ku birebana n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza baciwe n’urukiko rubanza, Me KARANGWAYIRE Epiphanie avuga ko ntaho ashingiye kuko hari «barême»

igaragaza uburyo aba avoka bishyurwa ndetse bikaba bitumvikana ukuntu basaba inyungu z’umurengera ku bantu b’abakene badafite ikintu na kimwe. Uko Urukiko rubibona [21] Ingingo ya 93 y’Itegeko n° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano yavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko «iyo ari ngombwa ko umuntu runaka aba akiriho kugira ngo gukora ibisabwa bishoboke, urupfu rwe cyangwa kubura ubushobozi byatuma gukora ibisabwa bidashoboka ni imwe mu mpamvu yatuma amasezerano yakozwe atarangizwa, hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze». [22] Urukiko rusanga kuba RUGAMBWA Patrice yaraje kwitaba Imana mbere y’uko uru rubanza yari yajuririye muri uru Rukiko rurangira (nk’uko bigaragazwa na attestation de décès iri muri dosiye), ari impamvu ituma inyungu zidakomeza kubarwa nk’uko byari byumvikanweho mu masezerano bakaba batagomba kuyishyuzwa hashingiwe kuri iyo ngingo imaze kuvugwa, hakagumaho izo yabariwe mu Rukiko Rukuru. [23] Ku byerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka ku rwego rw’ubujurire, Urukiko rukaba rusanga MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd igomba kuyahabwa ariko ayo isaba rukaba rusanga ari umurengera, binakubitiyeho ko n’uwo iyasaba wafashe inguzanyo, yitabye Imana bityo Urukiko mu bushishozi bwarwo rukaba ruyigeneye 1.000.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka . III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

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[24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa RUGAMBWA Patrice nta shingiro bufite; [25] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd bwuririye ku bundi bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [26] Rutegetse abazungura ba RUGAMBWA Patrice guha MICROFINANCE Inkingi Ltd 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka; [27] Rutegetse ko urubanza RCOM 0138/11/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ku wa 23/02/2012 rugumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose, uretse 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka yiyongereyeho; [28] Rutegetse RUGAMBWA Patrice gutanga 100.000 Frw y‘amagarama y’urubanza.