Abiyita abazungura ba Nakabonye v Bugingo

# Abiyita abazungura ba Nakabonye v Bugingo

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2021-03-12 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2020/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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ABIYITA ABAZUNGURA BA NAKABONYE v BUGINGO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2020/CA (Mukanyundo, P.J., Ngagi na Umugwaneza J.) 12 Werurwe 2021] Amategeko y’imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano – Gutanga ikirego – kurega k’uwapfuye – ikirego nticyakirwa ngo gisuzumwe iyo cyatanzwe n’umuntu wapfuye mbere yuko gitangwa kuko nta buzima gatozi n’ububasha aba afite. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Nakabonye arega Bugingo mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe asaba Urukiko kumutegeka kumwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku gaciro k’ibiti bye yatemye, Akarere ka Nyamagabe kagobokeshejwe muri uru rubanza kuko ariko katanze icyangombwa cyo gusarura iryo shyamba. Bugingo yireguye avuga ko yari asanzwe asarura iryo shyamba, avuga ko abatangabuhamya batandukanye bemeza ko Nakabonye atigeze atunga ubwo butaka. Anavuga ko atari azi ko Nakabonye ahafitiye icyangombwa, avuga ariko ko yihaye ishyamba rye akaryiyandikishaho. Akarere ka Nyamagabe kavugaga ko uwahawe icyangombwa cyo gutema ishyamba yarengereye agatema naho ataherewe akaba ari we ugomba kubyirengera. Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nakabonye gifite ishingiro, rutegeka Bugingo kumuriha agaciro k’ibiti bye yatemye. Bugingo ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo akijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Bugingo bufite ishingiro, rutegeka ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. Abagize umuryango wa Nakabonye bandikiye Urwego rw’Umuvunyi basaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, bavuga ko barubonamo akarengane gashingiye ku kuba urwo Rukiko mu gufata icyemezo rwarirengagije ko Bugingo yivugiye ko ibiti yabisaruye ku butaka bwe, ngo uretse ko Nakabonye yabwibarujeho mu buriganya, no kuba mu iperereza ryakorewe aho iryo shyamba riri, abatangabuhamya baremeje ko Nakabonye ari we waryibarujeho, akaba yararikomoye ku babyeyi be, ko kandi ari we warisaruraga. Umuvunyi Mukuru nyuma y’isesengura yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga amusaba kwemeza ko urubanza rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, yemeje ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rusubirwamo kubera ko rushobora kuba rurimo akarengane, maze arwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Mu iburanisha Bugingo yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane bivugwa ko cyatanzwe na Nakabonye kitakwakirwa, kuko yamenye ko uyu watanze ikirego yabikoze kandi yarapfuye. Avuga ko kuba Nakabonye yaratanze ikirego kandi yarapfuye, binyuranyije nibiteganywa n’amategeko cyane cyane ibijyanye n’ububsha bw’urega. Uwunganira uhagarariye Nakabonye asaba Urukiko kwemeza ko hareze famille Nakabonye ihagarariwe na Rutinduka na Mujawajambo abana ba nyakwigendera, kandi aba bakaba barahawe n’abavandimwe babo procuration. Uhagarariye Akarere ka Nyamagabe avuga ko ntaho Rutinduka cyangwa undi mwana wa Nakabonye yatangiye ikirego, ko famille cyangwa abazungura ba Nakabonye nta buzimagatozi bafite.Nawe

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ashyigikira ko ikirego kidakwiye kwakirwa.Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego Nakabonye yatanze cyo gusubirishamo urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ku mpamvu z’akarengane kidashobora kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe kuko Nakabonye atashoboraga gutanga ikirego kandi yarapfuye kuko icyo gihe nta buzimagatozi n’ububasha yari afite bwo kugitanga. Incamake y’icyemezo: ikirego nticyakirwa ngo gisuzumwe iyo cyatanzwe n’umuntu wapfuye kuko nta buzima gatozi n’ububasha aba afite, bityo ikirego cyatanzwe mur’ubu buryo gifatwa nkaho kidahari mu rwego rw’amategeko ndetse n’abazungura ba nyakwigendera nta rubanza baba bafite rwo gukomeza kuburana. Inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego ifite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 2,3,111,121 Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, Ingingo ya 2,14 Nta manza zifashishijwe. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Loîc Cadiet, Droit judiciaire privé, deuxième édition, Paris, Edition Litec, 1998, p. 375. Hakim BOULARBAH et all, Droit judiciaire, Tome 2, Manuel de procédure civile, Paris, Editions Larcier, 2015, p.831. Urubanza. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, Nakabonye Thérèse arega Bugingo Pascal asaba ko yategekwa kumwishyura indishyi zingana na 13.246.080Frw zikomoka ku gaciro k’ibiti bye yatemye. Muri urwo rubanza kandi hagobokeshejwemo Akarere ka Nyamagabe katanze icyangombwa cyo gusarura iryo shyamba. [2] Bugingo Pascal yavugaga ko yari asanzwe asarura iryo shyamba, ko ariko ubwo yari asubiye kurisarura ari bwo yabonye Nakabonye Thérèse, akaba atumva aho yabaga kuva yatangira gutema ibiti muri iryo shyamba. Ashingira ku nyandiko ikubiyemo amakuru yose y'ubwo butaka, aho abatangabuhamya batandukanye bagaragaje ko Nakabonye Thérèse atigeze atunga ubwo butaka. Anavuga ko atari azi ko Nakabonye Thérèse ahafitiye icyangombwa, ko iyo abimenya atari kurisarura, ariko akavuga ko yihaye ishyamba rye akaryiyandikishaho. [3] Akarere ka Nyamagabe kavugaga ko icyangombwa cyo gutema ishyamba katanze nta kibazo gifite, ko kandi kitagibwaho impaka, ko ikibazo gihari ari uko uwagihawe yarengereye agatema naho ataherewe icyangombwa akaba ari we ugomba kubyirengera.

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[4] Ku wa 30/09/2015, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe rwaciye urubanza º RC0040/15/TGI/NYBE rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nakabonye Thérèse gifite ishingiro, rutegeka Bugingo Pascal kumuriha agaciro k’ibiti bye yatemye kangana na 13.246.080Frw, no kumuha (500 000Frw) y'igihembo cya Avoka, runamutegeka guha Akarere ka Nyamagabe indishyi za 500 000Frw kubera gushorwa mu manza. [5] Bugingo Pascal ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo akijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, urwo Rukiko ruca urubanza RCA0182/15/HC/NYA ku wa 31/03/2016, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Bugingo Pascal bufite ishingiro, rutegeka ko urubanza RC0040/15/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe ku wa 30/09/2015 ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. Rutegeka Nakabonye Thérèse guha Akarere ka Nyamagabe indishyi zingana na 500.000Frw. [6] Ku wa 21/11/2016, abagize umuryango wa Nakabonye Thérèse bandikiye Urwego rw’Umuvunyi basaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCA0182/15/HC/NYA, rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ku wa 31/03/2016, bavuga ko barubonamo akarengane gashingiye ku kuba urwo Rukiko mu gufata icyemezo rwarirengagije ko mu gika cya 12 cy’urubanza RC0040/15/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe ku wa 30/09/2015, Bugingo Pascal yivugiye ko ibiti aregwa ko yasaruye yabisaruye ku butaka bwe, ngo uretse ko Nakabonye Thérèse yabwibarujeho mu buriganya. No kuba mu iperereza ryakorewe aho iryo shyamba riri, abatangabuhamya baremeje ko Nakabonye Thérèse ari we waryibarujeho, akaba yararikomoye ku babyeyi be, ko kandi ari we warisaruraga. [7] Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rwahaye ishingiro izo mpamvu maze ku wa 28/11/2018, Umuvunyi Mukuru yandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga amusaba kwemeza ko urubanza RCA0182/15/HC/NYA rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ku wa 31/03/2016, rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [8] Ku wa 21/10/2020, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, mu cyemezo cye Nº 041/CJ/2020 yemeje ko urubanza RCA0182/15/HC/NYA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ku wa 31/03/2016, rusubirwamo kubera ko rushobora kuba rurimo akarengane, maze arwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo azabe ari rwo ruruburanisha, ruhabwa RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2020/CA. [9] Mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, uburanira Bugingo Pascal yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego kigiye kuburanishwa, avuga ko abiyita ko barega badafite ububasha bwo kurega, kuko atari abazungura bemewe n’amategeko ba Nakabonye Thérèse, ahubwo ko uyu nyakwigendera ari we bitiriye ikirego kandi babikora yarapfuye. Iyi nzitizi kandi yashyigikiwe n’uburanira Akarere ka Nyamagabe. [10] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabaye mu ruhame ku wa 15/02/2021, Abazungura ba Nakabonye Thérèse bahagarariwe na Rutinduka Charles yunganiwe na Me Twagiramungu Ernest, Bugingo Pascal yunganiwe na Me Mugabo Fidèle naho Akarere ka Nyamagabe kaburanirwa na Me Mbonigaba Eulade, Intumwa ya Leta, habanza gusuzumwa inzitizi yatanzwe. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO A. Kumenya niba ikirego cyo gusaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane cyatanzwe cyitiriwe NAKABONYE Thérèse wapfuye cyakwakirwa kigasuzumwa

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[11] Bugingo Pascal na Me Mugabo Fidèle umwunganira, bavuga ko ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane bivugwa ko cyatanzwe na Nakabonye Thérèse kitakwakirwa, kuko bageze mu nama ntegurarubanza bamenye ko uyu watanze ikirego yabikoze kandi yarapfuye. Basobanura ko ikirego cyatazwe tariki ya 21/11/2016 kandi Nakabonye Thérèse yarapfuye ku wa 03/09/2016, ko rero bashingiye ku ngingo ya 3, agace ka mbere, y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko kugira ngo ikirego cyakirwe, ugitanze agomba kuba afite ububasha, ubushobozi ndetse n’inyungu, bakaba bumva kuba Nakabonye Thérèse yari yarapfuye, ibiteganywa n’ingingo imaze kuvugwa bitari byuzuye. [12] Me Mugabo Fidèle akomeza avuga ko iyo umuburanyi apfuye, urubanza ruzima cyeretse iyo abazungura be bemewe n’amategeko babyemeye (bemeye kuzungura), bakemera no gukomeza urubanza. Ko ku birebana n’uru rubanza, igihe Nakabonye yapfaga, izungura ryafunguwe ariko ntihaba ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryaryo kubera ko nta nama y’umuryango yabaye kugira ngo habeho inama y’izungura yari kwemeza abazungura ba Nakabonye Thérèse, ko n’abazungura ba Nakabonye Thérèse batigeze baterana ngo bemeze ubahagarariye, bityo ngo abe ari we utanga ikirego. Avuga ko kuba ibyo byose bitarakozwe basaba uru Rukiko kutakira iki kirego, kuko cyatanzwe n’umuntu wapfuye kandi bitabaho, ko niba abazungura ba nakabonye Thérèse bashaka gukomeza urubanza rw’umubyeyi wabo, babanza gukora ibiteganywa n’amategeko. [13] Me Mugabo Fidèle avuga ko imihango yo gutanga ikirego itubahirijwe, kuko ijambo famille ridatanga ibisobanuro ku muntu wakoze reprise d’instance, ko famille itandukanye na succession Nakabonye Thérèse, kuko famille ishobora kuba umuryango muto cyangwa mugari, kaba asanga ari ngombwa ko abazungura bagomba kuba bemewe imbere y’amategeko kugira ngo bagire uburenganzira bwo kuzugura. Avuga ko ingingo ya 73 y’Itegeko ryerekeye izungura ikoreshwa ari uko inama y’umuryango yakozwe, ko iyo inama ari ngombwa, kuko iteganywa n’amategeko, ko ingingo ya 84 y iryo Tegeko ivuga ko itumizwa igasobanura n’akazi ikora, kuba rero iyo nama itarabaye, bivuga ko izungura ritigeze rishyirwa mu bikorwa, bityo abazungura ba Nakabonye Thérèse bakaba batazwi, ibyo Rutindukacharles avuga ko hari abazungra batanze procuration nabyo akaba asanga bidakurikije amategeko, kuko procuration itangwa n’umuzungura wemewe. [14] Me Twagiramungu Ernest, wunganira Rutinduka Charles, uvuga ko ahagarariye Abazungura ba Nakabonye Thérèse, avuga ko ibyo Me Mugabo Fidèle avuga atari byo, kuko ikirego cyatanzwe na famille Nakabonye Thérèse inyuma bakandikaho na Rutinduka Charles na Mujawajambo Monique, ko ibaruwa Umuvunyi yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yavuzwe ko amenyesheje Bwana Rutinduka Charles uhagarariye nyakwigendera Nakabonye Thérèse. [15] Avuga ko ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 55 y’Itegeko rigenga izungura bitashobokaga kubera ko inama y’umuryango itashoboye guterana, kubera ko bamwe mu bana ba Nakabonye Thérèse batari bahari, kuko baba hanze y’Igihugu. Yongeraho ko ingingo ya 73 y’Itegeko ry’izungura, ivuga urutonde rw’abantu bazungura, uburyo abantu bazungura ikanagena uburyo bw’izungura, ko ariko babona ntacyo bakosheje, kuko nubwo hari abatarashoboye kuboneka hari ababahagarariye. Asoza avuga ko amakosa yose yakozwe mu gutanga iki kirego yakosorwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 27 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi maze hakemezwa ko hareze famille Nakabonye Thérèse ihagarariwe na Rutinduka Charles na Mujawajambo Monique abana ba nyakwigendera, kandi aba bakaba barahawe n’abavandimwe babo procuration.

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[16] Me Mbonigaba Eulade, uburanira Akarere ka Nyamagabe, avuga ko mu ibaruwa Umuvunyi yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko yagejejweho ikibazo ku wa 21/11/2016 na Nakabonye Thérèse kandi muri iki gihe akaba yari yarapfuye, akaba asanga uwabikoze yaramwiyitiriye, ko rero ibyo Rutinduka Charles n’umwunganira bavuga ko ikirego cyagejejweyo na famille Nakabonye Thérèse atari byo, cyane ko na famille itandukanye na succession, bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 121 z’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko iyo nyir’urubanza yapfuye hahamagarwa abazungura be kugira ngo barukomeze, kandi ku birebaa n’uru rubanza, nta rwari ruhari, akaba asanga ikirego cyari gutangwa hubahirizwa ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, kuko uwatanze ikirego ku Rwego rw’Umuvunyi nta bubasha yari afite, bityo kikaba kitagomba kwakirwa. Avuga ko ntaho Rutinduka Charles cyangwa undi mwana wa Nakabonye Thérèse yatangiye ikirego, koko famille Nakabonye Thérèse cyangwa abazungura ba Nakabonye Thérèse nta buzimagatozi bafite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Mu gusuzuma inzitizi yatanzwe na Bugingo Pascal na Me Mugabo Fidèle umwunganira, ni ngombwa kubanza kumenya niba koko ari Nakabonye Thérèse watanze ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane mu Rwego rw’Umuvunyi. [18] Muri dosiye harimo urwandiko Umuvunyi Mukuru yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/11/2018, rumugeraho ku wa 28/11/2018, aho yagaragaje ko uwamusabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo kubera impamvu z’akarengane ari Nakabonye Thérese, akaba yaragaragaje no mu isesengura ry’ikibazo ko Nakabonye Thérèse avuga ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwaciye urubanza rugendeye ku dupapuro Bugingo Pascal yahawe n’Umuyobozi w’Akagari. [19] Muri dosiye kandi harimo icyemezo cy’uwapfuye (attestation de décès) cyatanzwe ku wa 15/09/2016 n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Kaduha witwa Kabanda Jean Claude yemeza ko Nakabonye Thérese, mwene Rwabagina Come na Nyirambeba yitabye imana ku wa 03/09/2016. [20] Ingingo ya 3, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi itegenya ibikurikira: “Ikirego cyakirwa mu rukiko iyo urega afite ububasha, inyungu n’ubushobozi byo kurega, keretse igihe itegeko ribiteganya ukundi”. [21] Ingingo ya 2, 7º, y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 rimaze kuvugwa haruguru, isobanura ko ububasha bw’umuburanyi ari uburenganzira umuntu ahabwa n’amategeko akabukoresha arengera inyungu iyi n’iyi mu rukiko cyangwa yumvikanisha ibyo asaba cyangwa arwanya ibisabwa n’undi. Agace ka 8º k’ingingo imaze kuvugwa, kimwe n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka 16, y’Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango ko gasobanura ko ubushobozi bw’umuburanyi ari ububasha buteganywa n’amategeko butuma umuntu yagira ibikorwa akora ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko kandi mu izina rye akirengera ingaruka z’ibyo akoze. [22] Ingingo ya 14 y’Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango iteganya ibikurikira : “Ubuzimagatozi bw’umuntu burangizwa n’urupfu cyangwa urubanza rutangaza urupfu rw’umuntu wabuze cyangwa wazimye”.

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[23] Umuhanga mu mategeko witwa Loïc Cadiet avuga ko ububasha bwasobanurwa nk’ikintu cyemewe n’amategeko gitanga uburenganzira bwo kujya mu nkiko usaba umucamanza ko asuzuma ishingiro ry’ikirego umugejejeho1. [24] Uwo muhanga akomeza avuga ko ubwo burenganzira bwo kuregera inkiko bufunguye ku bantu bose bafite inyungu yemewe n’amategeko, keretse igihe itegeko ari ryo riha ubwo burenganzira bwo gutanga ikirego abantu runaka ryavuze ko ari bo bashobora kurega cyangwa kuregwa 2. [25] Urukiko rurasanga ibiteganywa mu ngingo z’amategeko amaze kuvugwa haruguru bihura n’ibisobanuro byanditswe n’umuhanga, byose bikaba byumvikanisha ko kugira ngo urege ari uko uba ufite ububasha ndetse n’inyungu, abandi bahanga mu mategeko Hakim Boularbah na bagenzi be, bashimangira bo ko kugira ngo umuntu arege agomba kuba ariho mu rwego rw’amategeko ku munsi wo gutanga ikirego3. Ko iryo hame rireba abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa ibigo, sosiyete cyangwa imiryango ihuriweho n’abantu barenze umwe, aribyo basobanura bavuga ko umuntu cyangwa sosiyete bifite ubuzimagatozi. [26] Ku birebana n’umuntu, ingingo ya 14 y’Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 ryavuzwe haruguru, yerekana ko buri wese wavutse ari muzima aba afite ubuzimagatozi ariko ko burangira iyo apfuye, niba rero uwapfuye aba atagifite ubuzimagatozi, nta bubasha bwo gutanga ikirego aba agifite. Ibi bishimangirwa n’ibyanditswe n’abahanga mu mategeko Hakim Boularbah na bagenzi be mu gitabo cyabo cyavuzwe haruguru, aho basobanura ko ikirego gisaba gusesa urubanza cyatanzwe n’umuntu wapfuye, kitakirwa, kandi ko bene iyo nzitizi ishobora no kuzamurwa n’Urukiko rubyibwirije4. [27] Hashingiwe ku biteganwa n’amategeko yavuzwe no kubyasobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga ikirego Nakabonye Thérèse yatanze cyo gusubirishamo urubanza RCA0182/15/HC/NYA rwaciwe ku wa 31/03/2016 n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ku mpamvu z’akarengane kidashobora kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe, kuko Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rwaregewe, ubwarwo rwiyemerera ko uwaruregeye ari Nakabonye Thérèse ku wa 21/11/2016, nyamara icyemezo cy’uwapfuye cyatanzwe n’Umuyobozi ubifitiye ububasha cyerekana ko yapfuye ku wa 03/09/2016, bikaba rero byumvikana ko Nakabonye Thérèse atashoboraga gutanga ikirego yarapfuye kuko icyo gihe nta buzimagatozi n’ububasha yari afite bwo gutanga ikirego. [28] Urukiko rurasanga imbere y’amategeko ikirego cyititriwe Nakabonye Thérèse nta gihari, bityo n’abazungura be niba bahari akaba nta rubanza bafite rwo gukomeza kuburana hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 121 Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/20185, kuko iyi ngingo ikoreshwa iyo uwatangiye urubanza cyangwa uwatanze ikirego apfuye atararuburana. 1 La qualité peut être définie comme le titre juridique conférant le droit d’agir, c’est-à-dire le droit de solliciter du juge qu’il examine le bien-fondé d’une prétention.(Loîc Cadiet, Droit judiciaire privé, deuxième édition, Paris, Edition Litec, 1998, p. 375. 2 “L’action est ouverte à tous ceux qui ont un intérêt légitime au succès ou au rejet d’une prétention, sous réserve des cas dans lesquels la loi attribue le droit d’agir aux seules personnes qu’elle qualifie pour élever ou combattre une prétention, ou pour défendre un intérêt déterminé.”. Par Loîc Cadiet, op.cit, p.359 3 “Le demandeur en cassation doit avoir une existence juridique au jour de l’introduction de son pourvoi”. Par Hakim BOULARBAH et all, Droit judiciaire, Tome 2, Manuel de procédure civile, Paris, Editions Larcier, 2015, p.831. 4 Le pourvoi en cassation libellé au nom d’une personne décédée est irrecevable, la fin de non-recevoir devant même être soulevée d’office par la Cour. Par Hakim BOULARBAH et ses collègues, op.cit, p.831.

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B. Kumenya niba hari amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza yagenwa muri uru rubanza [29] Me Mbonigaba Eulade, uhagarariye Akarere ka Nyamagabe, ashingiye ku ngingo ya 111 y'Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuzategeka uwo ari we wese uzatsindwa muri uru rubanza kwishyura Akarere ka Nyamagebe, indishyi zingana 2,000,000Frw akubiyemo 1.000.000Frw ako Karere kari karatsindiye mu manza zabanje, n’indishyi zingana na miliyoni imwe ( 1.000.0000Frw) kuri uru rwego. [30] Me Twagiramungu Ernest, wunganira Rutinduka Charles, uhagarariye abiyita abazungura ba Nakabonye Thérèse avuga ko izi ndishyi zikwiye kuryozwa Bugingo Pascal wakoze amakosa yo gusarura ishyamba ritari irye. Asabira uwo yunganira 1.500.000Frw yo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere na 2.000.000Frw y’insimburamubyizi no gutakaza igihe. [31] Me Mugabo Fidèle wunganira Bugingo Pascal avuga ko nta ndisyi basaba kuko uwatanze ikirego yapfuye, bityo kwaka indishyi kwaba ari ugushinyagura. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [32] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira: "Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo, gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe". [33] Urukiko rurasanga nta ndishyi cyangwa ibyagiye ku rubanza Rutinduka Charles yahabwa kuko atsinzwe muri uru rubanza. [34] Hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 rimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza Akarere ka Nyamagabe gasaba muri uru rubanza kayagenerwa n‘ubwo uru Rukiko rusanze ikirego cyatanzwe na Nakabonye Thérèse witabye Imana kitakwakirwa, kuko hari ibyishyuwe kugira ngo uru rubanza rube, ariko kuba ayo gasaba ari menshi kandi nta kimenyetso katanze cy’uko ariyo koko kishyuye, mu bushishozi bwarwo rukaba rukageneye 300.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [35] Rwemeje ko inzitizi yatanzwe na Bugingo Pascal ifite ishingiro; [36] Ruvuze ko ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza RCA0182/15/HC/NYA rwaciwe ku wa 31/03/2016 n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ku mpamvu z’akarengane kitakiriwe ngo kiburanishwe kuko Nakabonye Thérèse bacyitiriye nta bushobozi n’ububasha yari afite bwo kugitanga kubera ko yari yarapfuye. 5 Ingingo ya 121, igika cya mbere, y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ko iyo “ iburanisha ry’urubanza ritarapfundikirwa, urukiko rukamenya ko habonetse inzitizi yo guhindura irangamimerere, kuva ku mirimo cyangwa urupfu rw’umuburanyi, umuburanyi usigaye agaragariza urukiko abafite ububasha bwo kurukomeza rukabahamagara, rukurikije amategeko yerekeye ihamagara.