AFRICA IMPROVED FOODS Ltd vs. MUSONI

# AFRICA IMPROVED FOODS Ltd vs. MUSONI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-11-21 - Case/document no.: RSOCA 00070/2022/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

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AFRICA IMPROVED FOODS Ltd vs. MUSONI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU – RSOCA 00070/2022/HC/KIG – (Kankindi, J. P.) 21 Ugushyingo 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Amasezerano y’akazi – Umukozi uhoraho – Umukozi uvuga ko agomba gufatwa nk’umukozi uhoraho, agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko yakoze koko mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu mu buryo buhoraho, akorera umukoresha umwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, Musoni yari umukozi wa Post Havest Handling Storage Task Force (MINAGRI-PHH&STF) akora ku mwanya wa “aide-technicien”, mu mwaka wa 2015 icyo kigo cyegurirwa mu micungire yacyo n’iy’abakozi, Africa Improved Foods. Mu mwaka wa 2016, iki kigo gishya kirukanye Musoni maze aregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo asaba ko rwemeza ko yirukanwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko bityo, rugategeka ko ahabwa indishyi zijyanye na byo. Africa Improved Foods yireguye isaba ko icyo kirego kitahabwa ishingiro kuko Musoni atigeze aba umukozi wayo kuko yakoraga rimwe na rimwe akazi k’ubukarani yahitaga ahemberwa ako kanya akimara kugakora. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko icyo kirego gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rutegeka ko Musoni ahabwa indishyi zijyanye no kwirukanwa mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Africa Improved Foods yajuririye uru Rukiko Rukuru, irusaba gukosora amakosa yakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ajyanye no kuba haremejwe ko Musoni ari umukozi uhoraho, ko yirukanwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko maze akagenerwa indishyi zijyanye n’iryo yirukanwa. Muri uru rubanza hasuzumwe ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Uwarezwe yari umukozi uhoraho kubera ko Urega avuga ko nta kimenyetso na kimwe yigeze agaragaza ko yari umukozi wayo kuko nta masezerano bagiranye, uretse ku bivuga mu magambo. Africa Improved Foods ikomeza ivuga ko ntaho umucamanza wo mu rubanza rujuririrwa yigeze agaragaza aho ibyo bigo byombi byahurije, usibye gushingira ku mvugo y’Uregwa. Mu bujurire bwe, Musoni avuga ko ubwo bujurire butagomba guhabwa ishingiro, ibyo Africa Improved Foods ivuga atari byo kuko yari umukozi uhoraho, atari nyakabyizi nkuko Uwajurirye abivuga. Avuga kandi ko ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko yari umukozi wayo uhoraho, kuva mu mwaka wa 2012 ari impapuro z’amabanki yahemberwagaho akaba asanga ntaho African Improved Foods yahera ihakana ko atabaye umukozi wayo uhoraho bityo ikaba igomba kuryozwa kuba yaramwirukanye mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Ku kindi kibazo cyasuzumwe muri uru rubanza kijyanye n’indishyi zagenewe Uregwa mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Uwajurirye asaba ko zigomba gukurwaho kuko Uregwa atigeza aba umukozi wabo uhoraho dore ko nta masezerano y’umurimo bari baragiranye. Uregwa muri uru rubanza asobanura ko Uwajuriye nta kibazo kirebana n’umushahara yahembwaga yigeze agaragariza urukiko, dore ko ariwo washingiweho hacibwa urubanza rujuririrwa, usibye kuvugako atari umukozi wabo uhoraho. Bityo, akaba asaba ko Africa Improved Food ikwiye kugaragaza umushahara ivuga ko yahembwaga bitaba ibyo ikemera nta gushidikanya ko ibya kozwe n’urukiko byose ibyemera.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Umukozi uvuga ko agomba gufatwa nk’umukozi uhoraho, agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko yakoze koko mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu mu buryo buhoraho, akorera umukoresha umwe. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo 11 n’iya 30. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 12 n’iya 111. Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 15, 22 n’iya 33. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RSOC 00005/2022/SC, Nayituriki Redemptus na Hayton Ltd. rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/04/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 24/10/2020, Musoni Jean Claude arega Africa Improved Foods, avuga ko yari umukozi wa Post Havest Handling Storage Task Force (MINAGRI-PHH&STF) kuva ku itariki ya 03/04/2012, akora ku mwanya wa “Aide- Technicien”, ahembwa umushahara wa 75.000 Frws ku kwezi, bigeze mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2015, iki kigo cyegurirwa Africa Improved Foods mu micungire yacyo n’iyabakozi bacyo, ariko Africa Improved Foods yaje kumwirukana mu magambo nyuma ku itariki ya 16/11/2016 ahabwa ibaruwa isesa amasezerano, ntiyahabwa ibyo amategeko amuteganyiriza, ariyo mpamvu yaregeye urukiko ngo rwemeze ko yirukanywe muburyo bunyuranije n’amategeko, rubategeke kumuha indishyi zikomoka ku kwirukanwa mu kazi binyuranije n'amategeko, indishyi zo kudahabwa integuza, indishyi zo kudahabwa icyemezo cy’umurimo, indishyi z’insimburakiruhuko, guhabwa imperekeza, no gutangirwa umusanzu wa RSSB, akanahabwa amafranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, n’igihembo cya Avoka. [2] Uhagarariye Africa Improved Foods, yireguye avuga ko ikirego cya Musoni Jean Claude nta shingiro urukiko rukwiye kugiha, kubera ko avuga ko yakoreye ikigo cyitwa Post Havest Handling Storage Task Force (MINAGRI-PHH&STF) ko nyuma icyo cyigo cyaje kwegurirwa Africa Improved Foods, kandi atari ukuri, ko atigeze aba umukozi wayo uhoraho uretse gusa kuba yarakoraga rimwe na rimwe nk’umukarane ari uko akazi kabonetse, akaza gupakira imodoka zabaga zizanye ibikenerwa mu ruganda igahita ibahembera akazi bakoze, bikaba byemezwa n’uko atabasha kugaragaza amasezerano y’akazi cyangwa ngo agaragaze aho yahemberwaga cyangwa umushahara yahembwaga, asaba ko urukiko rutaha ishingiro ikirego cye.

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[3] Mu rubanza RSOC 00267/2020/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo kuwa 28/02/2022, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya Musoni Jean Claude gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko kandi yirukanywe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rutegeka Africa Improved Foods Ltd guha Musoni Jean Claude amafaranga y’u Rwanda angana n’ibihumbi magana atandatu na mirongo irindwi na bitanu (675.000 Frws), ruyitegeka guha Musoni Jean Claude amafaranga y’u Rwanda angana n’ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000 Frws) harimo igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza no kumusubiza amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000frw) y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze. [4] Africa Improved Foods Ltd ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza iyijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru ubujurire bwayo bwandikwa kuri RSOCA 00070/2022/HC/KIG, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 24/10/2023, Africa Improved Foods Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Sadi Jashi; naho Musoni Jean Claude ahagarariwe na Me Segutunga Philbert. [5] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Africa Improved Foods Ltd ivuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire bwayo ari izi zikurikira: 1. Kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaremeje ko Musoni Jean Claude yari umukozi uhoraho wa Africa Improved Foods Ltd nta bimenyetso rushingiyeho; 2. Kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwarategetse Africa Improved Foods Ltd guha Musoni Jean Claude indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ntacyo rushingiyeho; Isaba urukiko rwajuririwe gukosora ayo makosa, rugategeka ko urubanza rwose rwajuririwe ruhinduka mu ngingo zarwo zose. [6] Musoni Jean Claude n’umwungani zi we, bo bakomeje kwemeza ko ibyo Africa Improved Foods Ltd ivuga nta shingiro bifite, basaba ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza RSOC 00267/2020/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo kuwa 28/02/2022. Impande zombi zasabye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, igihembo cya Avoka n’indishyi zinyuranye kuri uru rwego. [7] Urukiko, rushingiye kuri izo mpaka, hagiye gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira: 1. Kumenya niba Musoni Jean Claude yari umukozi uhoraho wa Africa Improved Foods Ltd; 2. Kumenya niba Africa Improved Foods Ltd yaragombaga gutegekwa guha Musoni Jean Claude indishyi zinyuranye zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. 3. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza asabwa n’impande zombi afite ishingiro. I. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba Musoni Jean Claude yari umukozi uhoraho wa Africa Improved Foods Ltd

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[8] Uhagarariye Africa Improved Foods Ltd avuga ko anenga urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo aho rwemeje ko Musoni Jean Claude yari umukozi wayo uhoraho kandi nta kimenyetso na nimwe yagaragaje kibyemeza, nko kuba nta masezerano y’akazi bagiranye, kugaragaza aho yahemberwaga buri kwezi, amafaranga yahembwaga buri kwezi, uretse gusa kubyivugira mu magambo. [9] Akomeza avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwashingiye gusa ku mvugo za Musoni Jean Claude avuga ko yakoreye Post Havest Handling Storage Task Force (MINAGRI-PHH&STF) yaje kwegurirwa Africa Improved Foods nyamara umucamanza mu cyemezo cye akaba atarabashije kwerekana aho ibyo bigo byahurijwe; avuga kandi ko urukiko rwashingiye ku ibaruwa yo ku wa 16/11/2016 Musoni Jean Claude avuga ko imusezerera ku kazi nyamara ibiyikubiyemo ntaho bihuriye no gusererwa ku kazi. [10] Avuga nanone ko urukiko rwashingiye ku kuba Musoni Jean Claude yaragaragaye kurutonde rw'abahawe avansi na Post Havest Handling Storage Task Force (MINAGRI- PHH&STF) muri 2014 nyamara icyo gihe Africa Improved Foods yari itarabaho ntanubwo ariyo yamuhaye iyo “avance”, asaba urukiko ko rwakosora ayo makosa rukemeza ko Musoni Jean Claude atigeze aba umukozi wayo uhoraho. [11] Uhagarariye Musoni Jean Claude yiregura avuga ko ubujurire bwa Africa Improved Foods butahabwa ishingiro kubera ko Musoni Jean Claude yari umukozi uhoraho wayo ko atari nyakabyizi nk’uko ishaka kubivuga. Asobanura ko mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2015 ikigo Post Havest Handling Storage Task Force (MINAGRI-PHH&STF) yakoreraga kuva mu mwaka wa 2012 cyeguriwe Africa Improved Foods mu micungire yacyo n’iyabakozi bacyo, ko rero kuba Post Havest Handling Storage Task Force (MINAGRI-PHH&STF) yarahindutse African Improved Foods bitayikuraho inshingano zayo zikubiye mu ngingo ya 22 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga Umurimo mu Rwanda ryakoreshwaga icyo gihe, ivuga ko iyo umukoresha ahinduye imiterere y’ikigo mu by’amategeko, nk’izungura, ahinduye izina, akigurishije, yifatanyije n’ikindi kigo, ihindura ry’imari y’ikigo cyangwa agihinduye ubwibumbe bw’abantu, amasezerano yose y’akazi agifite agaciro igihe izo mpinduka zabereye agumaho hagati y’umukoresha mushya n’abakozi bari basanzwe. Iseswa ry’ayo masezerano rishobora kubaho gusa hakurikijwe icyo iri tegeko riteganya. [12] Akomeza avuga nanone ko yaje gutungurwa n’ibaruwa yo ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 2016 yanditswe na African Improved Foods igaragaza urutonde rw’abakozi cumi n’umunani, iyi baruwa ikaba ari nayo yasheshe amasezerano n’ubwo yari yarasezerewe mbere mu magambo gusa, muri iyo baruwa mu gika cyayo cya mbere, umukoresha yavugaga ko kuva kuwa 1 Ugushyingo 2016 inshingano zo gushaka abakozi ba nyakabyizi, gushyira mu myanya y’akazi, gukoresha no guhemba byeguriwe i Sosiyete yitwa KPC kandi we atarigeze ayimenya cyangwa ngo agirane nayo amasezerano. [13] Avuga kandi ko ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko yari umukozi wayo uhoraho kuva mu mwaka wa 2012 ari impapuro z’amabanki yahemberwagaho akaba asanga ntaho African Improved Foods yahera ihakana ko atabaye umukozi wayo uhoraho bityo ikaba igomba kuryozwa kuba yaramwirukanye mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, asaba urukiko gushingira ku rubanza RSOC 00149/2018/TGI/GSBO, RSOC 00015/2018/TGI/GSBO na RSOC 00153/2018/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ruzakujuririrwa mu Rukiko Rukuru mu Rubanza

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RSOCA 00242/2019/HC/KIG, rwaciwe kuwa 28/05/2020, aho urukiko rwemeje ko abarega aribo Sinamenye Felicien, Mutsindashyaka Elie na Nshimiyimana Evariste bari abakozi ba Africa Improved Foods Ltd kandi bakoraga bimwe na Musoni Jean Claude, akaba atariwe ukwiye gusigara bavugako atakoreye African Improved Foods mu gihe abandi urukiko rwabyemeje kandi izo manza zikaba zarabaye itegeko, rukemeza ko yari umukozi wa African Improved Foods. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Muri uru rubanza ababuranyi bose bemeranya ko Musoni Jean Claude yakoreye Africa Improved Foods Ltd, ko kandi nta masezerano y’akazi bagiranye mu buryo bwanditse. Icyo batemeranyaho ni uburyo bakoranye kuko Musoni Jean Claude avuga ko kuva mu mwaka wa 2012 yari umukozi uhoraho w’ikigo Post Havest Handling Storage Task Force (MINAGRI- PHH&STF) mu mwaka wa 2015 cyaje kwegurirwa Africa Improved Foods mu micungire yacyo n’iyabakozi bacyo ko kandi hari ibimenyetso yagaragarije Urukiko Rwisumbuye rubishingiraho rwemeza ko yari umukozi wayo, naho Africa Improved Foods Ltd bo bakavuga ko atari umukozi wayo uhoraho ko yazaga gukora rimwe na rimwe agahemberwa ako kazi agataha, ko nta bimenyetso yigeze ashyikiriza Urukiko byerekana ko yari umukozi wayo uhoraho. [15] Ingingo ya mbere, agace ka 33, y’Itegeko Nº 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga mu mwaka wa 2012 igihe Musoni Jean Claude avuga ko yatangiye gukorera ikigo Post Havest Handling Storage Task Force (MINAGRI-PHH&STF) cyeguriwe Africa Improved Foods mu micungire yacyo n’iyabakozi bacyo, yateganyaga ko umukozi uhoraho ari umukozi uhabwa akazi mu gihe kizwi cyangwa kitazwi ariko umaze nibura amezi atandatu akurikiranye akorera umukoresha umwe, naho mu gace ka 34 igateganya ko umukozi wa nyakabyizi ari umukozi ukoreshwa umunsi ku munsi. [16] Ingingo ya 15, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryibukijwe haruguru yateganyaga ibikurikira: amasezerano y’akazi ashobora kuba ayanditse cyangwa atanditse. Akorwa ku buryo bunogeye bene kuyagirana ku mpande zombi igihe bitabangamiye ingingo ya 19 y’iri Tegeko. Gihamya y’amasezerano ishobora kuba uburyo bwose bubonetse. Iyi ngingo ihwanye n’iya 11 y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryasimbuye iryo mu mwaka wa 2009 ivuga ko amasezerano y’akazi ashobora kuba yanditse cyangwa atanditse, ashobora kuba ay’igihe kizwi cyangwa kitazwi. [17] Ingingo ya 12 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda. [18] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00005/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/04/20231, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko ingingo zimaze kuvugwa, zumvikanisha neza ko nubwo umukozi nta masezerano yanditse yaba afitanye n’umukoresha we, ariko amaze nibura igihe kigeze ku mezi atandatu yikurikiranye kandi mu buryo buhoraho amukorera, agomba gufatwa nk’umukozi ugengwa n’amasezerano kuko bihita byumvikana ko bayafitanye ariko atanditse. Kugira ngo 1 Urubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00005/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2023 haburana Nayituriki Redemptus na Hayton Ltd.

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byemezwe ariko, umukozi uvuga ko agomba gufatwa muri ubwo buryo, agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko yakoze koko mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu mu buryo buhoraho. [19] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza imvugo za Musoni Jean Claude avuga ko yari umukozi wa Africa Improved Foods ahembwa umushahara w’amafaranga ibihumbi 75.000frw buri kwezi, ibyo akabishingira ku bimenyetso bikurikira: a. Inyandiko yo ku wa 16/11/2016 Musoni Jean Claude yise ko ari ibaruwa imusezerera ku kazi yanditswe na Africa Improved Foods, iyi nyandiko ifite umutwe ugira uti: Impamvu: gusubiza ibaruwa yanyu yo kuwa 14/11/2019. Igakomeza ivuga ko yongeye gushimangira imyanzuro babashyikirije kuwa 01/11/2019 ivuga ko kuva ku wa 01/11 /2019 inshingano zo gushaka abakozi ba nyakabyizi, gushyira mu myanya y’akazi, gukoresha no guhemba abakozi ba nyakabyizi, byeguriwe isosiyete ya KPC, ko kubera izo mpamvu Isosiyete ya KPC ariyo ifite mu nshingano zayo imirimo yose irebana n’abakozi ba nyakabyizi, harimo no gukoresha abakozi bafitanye amasezerano…, b. Agapapuro kagaragaza uko basinyaga uko bageze ku kazi banatashye; c. Historique za banki yahemberwagamo; d. Copie igaragaza urutonde rw’abakozi bari bagenewe avance yo kuwa 25/04/2014 yatanzwe na MINAGRI-PHH&STF ifite “numero de reference 3037871”; e. Copie ya sheki yo kuwa 23/04/2014 yahereweho avance y’amafaranga (main d’oeuvre) yakozwe na MINAGRI-PHH&STF akaba yarahawe amafaranga ibihumbi 15.000frw; f. Amafoto yifotoje ari kumwe n’abandi bakozi. [20] Africa Improved Foods, yo igaragaza liste de presence (daily workers salary) zigaragaza iminsi Musoni Jean Claude yaziraga ku kazi n’amafaranga yatahanaga kandi akaba ntaho yakoze yikurikiranya mu gihe kigera ku mezi atandatu; ikanavuga ko n’ubwo Musoni Jean Claude avuga ko hari agapapuro yasinyagaho kagaragaza uko yazaga ku kazi, historique yahemberwagaho muri baque, ariko ntabyo yerekanye mu rubanza rwwajuririwe ndetse no mu bujurire bwe; naho Copie igaragaza urutonde rw’abakozi bari bagenewe avance yo kuwa 25/04/2014 yatanzwe na MINAGRI- PHH&STF ifite “numero de reference 3037871” na “Copie” ya sheki yo kuwa 23/04/2014 yahereweho “avance” y’amafaranga (main d’oeuvre) yakozwe na MINAGRI-PHH&STF akaba yarahawe amafaranga ibihumbi 15.000frw byose yerekanye ntibigaragaza ko ari Africa Improved Foods yabimuhaye. [21] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza urubanza RSOC 00149/2018/TGI/GSBO, RSOC 00015/2018/TGI/GSBO na RSOC 00153/2018/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ruzakujuririrwa mu Rukiko Rukuru mu Rubanza RSOCA 00242/2019/HC/KIG, rwaciwe kuwa 28/05/2020, aho urukiko rwemeje ko abarega aribo Sinamenye Felicien, Mutsindashyaka Elie na Nshimiyimana Evariste bari abakozi ba Africa Improved Foods Ltd kandi bakoraga bimwe na Musoni Jean Claude. [22] Imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe igika cya 9 igaragaza ko rushingiye kuba urega yari asanzwe ari umukozi wa MINAGRI- Strategic Stock/Rada nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibimenyetso

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yitangiye bigizwe na Kopi igaragaza urutonde rw’amazina y’abakozi bari bagenewe avanse yo ku wa 25/04/2014, ya MINAGRI-Post Harvest Handling and Storage Task Force ifite “numero de reference 3037871”, ndetse na kopi ya cheke bahereweho Avance k’umushahara yo ku wa 23/04/2014, ifite no: 0000003032821 yatanzwe na MINAGRI- Strategic Stock/Rada, nyuma bakaza gukorera Africa Improved Foods nk’uko nabo babyemera ariko bakavuga ko yakoraga nka nyakabyizi; rwasanze urega yarabaye umukozi wa Africa Improved Foods kubera ko bemera ko bandikiwe n’umuyobozi ushinzwe Abakozi ba Africa Improved Foods bari basanzwe bakorera ibamenyesha ko hari indi sosiye ibashizwe yitwa KPC ifite ishingano ZP gushaka abakozi ba nyakabyizi, gishyira mu myanya y’akazi, gukoresha no ubahemba, kandi bizwi ko nyakabyizi akora ari umukozi ukoreshwa umunsi ku munsi, agahemberwa imibyizi ye akigendera kuburyo hari kujyaho ikigo gihinzwe kubashaka; ikindi kandi kuba umukoresha atabasha kugaragaza ko ikigaragaza ko batari abakozi bahoraho nabyo byerekana ko ibyo bireguza nta shingiro bifite. [23] Urukiko rugarutse kuri uru rubanza, rurasanga kuba Musoni Jean Claude avuga ko yari umukozi wa Africa Improved Foods ariwe ufite inshingano yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso byemeza ko koko yari umukozi wabo uhoraho nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu RS/INJUST/RSOC 00005/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2023 rwibukijwe haruguru, nyamara haba mu rubanza rwajuririwe ndetse no mu bujurire akaba nta kimenyetso gifatika yagaragaje cyemeza ko yabaye umukozi wayo koko, kuko avuga ko yahembwaga umushahara w’amafaranga ibihumbi 75.000frw ariko uretse kubivuga gusa mu magambo nta kigaragaza ko bigeze bamuhembwa uwo mushahara buri kwezi mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu yikurikiranya kuko aterekanye aho yahemberwaga, Banki yahemberwagamo cyangwa se izindi nyandiko zigaragaza ko yahembwaga uwo mushahara koko cyane ko yavuze ko afite historique yerekana aho yahemberwaga ariko ntiyigeze ayigaragariza urukiko haba mu rubanza rwajuririwe ndetse no mu Rukiko rwajuririwe. [24] Urukiko rurasanga kandi Musoni Jean Claude avuga ko Africa Improved Foods yamwirukanye akabishingira ku ibaruwa yo kuwa 16/04/2019 avuga ko ari ibaruwa imusezerera ku kazi, ariko urukiko rumaze gusesengura ibikubiye muri iyo baruwa nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru ntaho igaragaza ko ari umukozi wayo kandi ko imusezereye ku kazi. [25] Urukiko rurasanga nanone n’ubwo Musoni Jean Claude avuga ko yari umukozi wa Africa Improved Foods ashingiye kuri copie ya sheki iherekejwe n’urutonde rw’abakozi n’amafaranga buri wese agomba guhabwa, ariko iyo sheki ntigaragaza umushahara w’amafaranga 75.000frw avuga ko yahembwaga, ntinagaragaza ko ari amafaranga yakoreye mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu yikurikiranya, ikindi kandi ntabwo ari Africa Improved Foods yayitanze. [26] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ibyo Musoni Jean Claude avuga ko Post Havest Handling Storage Task Force (MINAGRI-PHH&STF) yaje kwegurirwa Africa Improved Foods, ibi nabyo uretse kubivuga gusa mu magambo ariko nta kimenyetso kibigaragaza yeretse uru rukiko ndetse n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye cyerekana aho ibi bigo byombi byahurijwe n’icyo uko guhuzwa kwavuze ku bakozi bari basanzwe babikorera, ntanagaragaza ko MINAGRI-PHH&STF yamukoreshaga nk’umukozi uhoraho wayo. [27] Kuba rero Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo mu rubanza rwajuririwe rwarashingiye ku nyandiko Kopi igaragaza urutonde rw’amazina y’abakozi bari bagenewe avanse yo ku wa 25/04/2014, ya MINAGRI-Post Harvest Harvest Handling and Storage Task Force ifite “numero. de

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reference” 3037871, kopi ya cheke bahereweho Avance k’umushahara yo ku wa 23/04/2014, ifite nimero: 0000003032821 yatanzwe na MINAGRI- Strategic Stock/Rada ndetse n’inyandiko yo kuwa 16/11/2016 Musoni Jean Claude yise ko ari ibaruwa imusezerera ku kazi yanditswe na Africa Improved Foods, kandi nk’uko bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru izi nyandiko ntaho zigaragaza ko yari umukozi uhoraho wa AIF, ikindi kandi rukaba rwaranemeje ko yahembwaga umushahara w’amafaranga 75.000frw, nyamara nta kimenyetso yerekanye kibigaragaza nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru; uru rukiko rurasanga ari amakosa rwakoze agomba gukosorwa hakemezwa ko Musoni Jean Claude atigeze aba umukozi uhoraho wa AIF ahubwo ko yari nyakabyizi. [28] Ibijyanye n’ibyo Musoni Jean Claude asaba ko hashingirwa ku rubanza RSOC 00149/2018/TGI/GSBO, RSOC 00015/2018/TGI/GSBO na RSOC 00153/2018/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ruzakujuririrwa mu Rukiko Rukuru mu Rubanza RSOCA 00242/2019/HC/KIG, rwaciwe kuwa 28/05/2020, aho urukiko rwemeje ko abarega aribo Sinamenye Felicien, Mutsindashyaka Elie na Nshimiyimana Evariste bari abakozi ba Africa Improved Foods Ltd kandi bakoraga bimwe na Musoni Jean Claude, kandi zabaye itegeko rukemeza ko nawe yari umukozi uhoraho wa AIF; urukiko rurasanga bitahabwa ishingiro kubera ko hari urubanza Urubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00005/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/04/2023 haburana Nayituriki Redemptus na Hayton Ltd kandi rwaciwe nyuma y’izi manza asaba ko zishingirwaho, rwatanze umurongo kubijyanye n’uko kugira ngo byemezwe ko umukozi ari umukozi uhoraha ariko, umukozi uvuga ko agomba gufatwa muri ubwo buryo, agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko yakoze koko mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu mu buryo buhoraho. Bityo rero ntirwashingira ku manza zaciwe n’urukiko ruri hasi kandi hari urubanza rwatanze umurongo n’urukiko rurukuriye kandi rwanaciwe nyuma y’izo manza. 2. Kumenya niba Africa Improved Foods Ltd yaragombaga gutegekwa guha Musoni Jean Claude indishyi zinyuranye zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko [29] Uhagarariye Africa Improved Foods Ltd avuga ko anenga urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo aho Umucamanza yategetse ko AIF yishyura Musoni Jean Claude indishyi zo gusezererwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko zihwanye na 450,000Rwf ashingiye kumushara wa 75,000Rwf yahembwaga, ariko nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko yahembwaga uyu mushahara urukiko rwigeze rugaragarizwa akaba nta n’icyo yari kubona kuko atigeze akorera AIF nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru, asaba ko izi ndishyi urukiko ruzikuraho. [30] Uhagarariye Musoni Jean Claude avuga ko mu iburanisha ry’urubanza rujuririrwa AIF itigeze ihakana umushahara wahereweho hacibwa urubanza, mu bujurire ikaba itanabiburanisha kuko itigeze igaragaza ko hari ikibazo ku mushahara ahubwo yavugaga ko Musoni Jean Claude atigeze aba umukozi wayo, ariko urukiko ruza gusanga yarayikoreye rwemeza ko AIF yasheshe amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, bityo rero AIF ikwiye kugaragaza umushahara ivuga Musoni Jean Claude yahembwaga bitaba ibyo ikemera nta gushidikanya ko ibya kozwe n’urukiko byose ibyemera. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[31] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Africa Improved Foods Ltd itaragombaga gutegekwa guha Musoni Jean Claude indishyi zinyuranye zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [32] Imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe mu gika cya 13 igaragaza ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwashingiye kubiteganywa mu ngingo ya 30 y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda iteganya ko iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo rinyuranyije n’amategeko rituma hatangwa indishyi. Indishyi zihabwa umukozi wirukanywe binyuranyije n’amategeko ntizishobora kujya munsi y’umushahara w’amezi atatu (3), ariko kandi ntizishobora kurenza umushahara ahabwa w’amezi atandatu (6), rusanga Africa Improved Foods Ltd yarasheshe amasezerano y’umurimo na Musoni Jean Claude mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, bityo ko akwiye guhabwa indishyi nk’uko amategeko abiteganya, zingana n’umushahara we w’amezi atatu (3 mois) zingana na 75000 x 6 = 450.000 Frws. [33] Kuba mu isesengura ry’uru rubanza ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba Musoni Jean Claude yari umukozi uhoraho wa Africa Improved Foods Ltd urukiko rwasanze Musoni Jean Claude atarabaye umukozi uhoraho wa Africa Improved Foods Ltd ahubwo yari umukozi wa nyakabyizi kuko nta bimenyetso byemeza ko yabaye umukozi wayo uhoraho yagaragaje harimo no kuba ataragaragaje icyemeza ko yahembwaga umushahara w’amafaranga 75.000frw buri kwezi; rurasanga indishyi yahawe mu rubanza rwajuririwe zigomba gukurwaho kuko atigeze yirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko nk’uko ingingo ya 30 y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 yibukijwe haruguru ibiteganya. 3. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza asabwa n’impande zombi afite ishingiro [34] Uhagarariye Africa Improved Foods Ltd avuga ko asaba urukiko gutegeka Musoni kwishyura igihembo cy'avoka gihwanye na 1,000,000Rwf mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye ndetse no mu rukiko Rukuru no kwemeza ko indishyi zatanzwe ku rwego rwambere zikuweho. [35] Uhagarariye Musoni Jean Claude yiregura ku mafaranga AIF basaba avuga ko nta shingiro akwiye guhabwa, kubera ko ari bo bishoye mu manza zitari ngombwa, bityo ko bakwiye kwirengera igihombo icyo ari cyo cyose kiziturutseho, ahubwo ko kubera ikomeje kurushya Musoni Jean Claude imushora mu manza z’amaherere igatuma akomeza gushaka Avoka ndetse nawe akaruha akurikirana urubanza asaba urukiko gutegeka ko AIF kumuha amafaranga 500.000frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka na 300.000frw y’ikurikirana rubanza kuri uru rwego. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [36] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibi bikurikira: ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe.

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[37] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza AIF basaba bagomba kuyahabwa kubera ko byagaragaye ko Musoni Jean Claude yayireze mu rubanza rudafite ishingiro, kandi bikaba bigaragara ko yagombye gushaka Avoka uyunganira kuva mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye kugeza kuri uru rwego. Urukiko rurasanga ariko ayo isaba itarabashije kuyaragariza ibimenyetso, bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo rukaba rugeneye amafaranga ibihumbi Magana atanu y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiraranarubanza. Naho amafranaga 500.000 y’igihembo cya Avocat n’amafaranga 200.000 Frws y’ikurikirarubanza Musoni Jean Claude yari yahawe mu rukiko Rwisumbuye bigomba gukurwaho kuko urukiko rwasanze ikirego cye kitaragombaga guhabwa ishingiro mu rubanza rwajuririwe, ndetse n’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ikirikirana rubanza yasabye kuri uru rwego nabyo bikaba ntabyo agomba guhabwa kuberako yatsinzwe kuri uru rwego. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [38] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cya Africa Improved Foods Ltd, gifite ishingiro. [39] Rwemeje ko Musoni Jean Claude atigeze aba umukozi uhoraho wa Africa Improved Foods Ltd. [40] Rwemeje ko urubanza RSOC 00267/2020/TGI/GSBO, rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 28/02/2022 ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [41] Rutegetse Musoni Jean Claude guha Africa Improved Foods Ltd amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka angana n’ibihumbi Magana atanu (500.000frw). [42] Rutegetse Musoni Jean Claude gusubiza Africa Improved Foods Ltd amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000frw) y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze irega.