AKIMANIZANYE N’ABANDI vs. NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd N’UNDI [

# AKIMANIZANYE N’ABANDI vs. NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd N’UNDI [

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-01-31 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RSOC 00013/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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AKIMANIZANYE N’ABANDI vs. NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RSOC 00013/2022/CA (Munyangeri, J. P., Umugwaneza na Kamere, J.) 31 Mutarama 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza zisabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Gusaba ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Umuburanyi atakaza uburenganzira bwo gusaba ko urubanza rwe rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane iyo yirengagije kunyura mu nzira z’ubujurire zisanzwe n’izidasanzwe ziteganywa n’amategeko, yarabikoze impitagihe cyangwa akaba yarabikoze mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Impanuka y’akazi – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’akazi – Iyo nta mategeko yihariye mu kugena indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’akazi, izo ndishyi zigenwa mu gushyira mu gaciro no mu bushishozi bw’urukiko hashingiwe ku mahame rusange, zigatangwa n’umukoresha, mu gihe umwishingizi aryozwa mu gikigero cy’ibyo yishingiye mu masezerano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Umuryango wa Hakizimfura witabye Imana azize impanuka y’akazi, ugizwe n’umugore we Akimanizanye, abana be bane (4), abavandimwe be barindwi (7) n’ababyeyi be babiri (2) wareze umukoresha wa Nyakwigendera NICE EGGS Company Ltd mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, usaba guhabwa indishyi zinyuranye zituruka kuri iyo mpanuka, kuberako uwo mukoresha we yari yababwiye ko indishyi bagomba guhabwa zingana n’ibihumbi 500,000 Frw gusa zituruka ku bwishingizi yafatiye abakozi be muri SONARWA GI Company Ltd. SONARWA GI Company Ltd yabaye umuranyi muri uru rubanza, yaburanye ivuga ko yagiranye amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bw’impanuka mu kazi na NICE EGGS Company Ltd, ko mu gihe umukozi wayo apfuye umuryango we uzajya uhabwa amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu. Bityo umuryango wa nyakwigendera ukaba ugomba guhabwa ayo mafaranga nta kindi ibajijwe gutanga, kuko bibaye byaba bitubahirije amategeko. NICE EGGS Company Ltd yo ivuga ko ikirego cy’Abarega kitagomba kwakirwa kuko kitari mu bubasha bw’urukiko ndetse n’icyo baregera bagihawe, bakaba nta n’inyungu bafite. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cy’abavandimwe n’ababyeyi ba nyakwingera kitakiriwe, ko ahubwo icy’umugore n’abana aricyo gifite ishingiro bakaba bagomba guhabwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’akazi yishe Hakizimfura. Iki cyemezo NICE EGGS Company Ltd yakijuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko ikirego cyatanzwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye kitagombaga kwakirwa, ukaba urwo Rukiko rwaratanze indishyi z’umurengera no kuba itaragenewe indishyi yari yasabye. Abarega batanze ubujurire bwuririye k’ubundi bavuga ko ababyeyi nta ndishyi bagenewe nyamara bari batunzwe na Nyakwigendera bakaba nta bimenyetso byihariye bagomba kubitangira. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa NICE EGGS Company Ltd bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe ikaba igomba gufatanya na SONARWA GI Company Ltd mu kwishyura indishyi umugore n’abana ba nyakwigendera. Abarega bose aribo umugore wa Nyakwigendera, abana be, abavandimwe be n’ababyeyi be basabye ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane maze barabyemererwa rwoherezwa kuburanishwa n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Muri uru rubanza Abarega bose bavuga ko bafite ububasha n’inyungu byo gusubirishamo urwo rubanza bityo bakaba basaba ko barenganurwa urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo rukavanwaho, hakemezwa ko bahabwa indishyi basaba zituruka ku rupfu rwa nyakwigendera ndetse no kubyatakajwe bakurikirana uru rubanza.

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NICE EGGS Company Ltd ivuga ko abagomba guhabwa ndishyi ziregerwa ari umupfakazi n’abana nyakwigendera yasize, naho ababyeyi n’abavandimwe be bakaba batazemerewe kubera ko ikirego cyabo kitigeze cyakirwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye ndetse ntibabijuririra bityo, bakaba batagomba kwemererwa gusubirishamo urwo rubanza ndetse n’abemerewe indishyi, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukemeza ko Urukiko Rukuru rwabageneye indishyi mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. SONARWA GI Company Ltd ivuga ko iki kirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza nta shingiro gifite ku buryozwe ubwo ari bwo bwose yasabwa mu gihe yo ntacyo yahinduye kubyo yemeranyijwe na Nice Eggs Company Ltd ndetse na mbere y’uko imanza zibaho yemera kwishyura umuryango wa Nyakwigendera amafaranga ibihumbi magana tanu akubiye muri ayo masezerano y’ubwishingizi bagiranye. Ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya icyashingirwaho mu kugenera indishyi abemerewe gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ingano yazo n’ugomba kuziryozwa, Abana n’umugore ba Nyakwigendera bavuga ko umukoresha we yari afite inshingano zo kumushyira mu bwishingizi bw’impanuka ndetse akaba yaragerageje kubikora ariko amasezerano yagiranye na SONARWA GI Company Ltd akaba atariyo yagombaga gushingirwaho abagenera indishyi. Bavuga ko yagomba gushingira ku Iteka rya Perezida rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga ngo nk’uko n’abandi bose bagize impanuka bishyurwa. Basoza basaba ko bakishyurwa izo ndishyi n’umukoresha wa nyakwigendera ariwe NICE EGGS Company Ltd, maze SONARWA GI Company ikishyuramo amafaranga ahwanye nari mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi bagiranye. Kuri iki kibazo, NICE EGGS Company Ltd isobanura ko ibyo Abarega basaba ko hashingirwa ku Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda no ku Iteka rya Perezida rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga mu kubara indishyi ridahuje kamere n’ikiburanwa ndetse n’iri Teka rya Perezida rikaba ridashobora kwifashishwa kuko rirebana gusa n'ibijyanye n’impanuka zo mu muhanda atari izo ku kazi. Asoza asaba ko uru Rukiko rwemeza ko mu kubara indishyi nta karengane Abarega bagiriwe mu kugenerwa indishyi n’Urukiko Rukuru. SONARWA GI Company Ltd ivuga ko ishingiye ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi bw’impanuka yagiranye na NICE EGGS Company Ltd itigeze yanga kwishyura amafaranga ari muri ayo masezerano, dore ko ari nako byemeje mu rubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere bityo, ikaba isanga nta karengane gahari ku ruhande rwayo. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umuburanyi atakaza uburenganzira bwo gusaba ko urubanza rwe rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane iyo yirengagije kunyura mu nzira z’ubujurire zisanzwe n’izidasanzwe ziteganywa n’amategeko, yarabikoze impitagihe cyangwa akaba yarabikoze mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. 2. Iyo nta mategeko yihariye mu kugena indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’akazi, izo ndishyi zigenwa mu gushyira mu gaciro no mu bushishozi bw’urukiko hashingiwe ku mahame rusange, zigatangwa n’umukoresha, mu gihe umwishingizi aryozwa mu gikigero cy’ibyo yishingiye mu masezerano. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nticyakiriwe. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z'akarengane, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko-Teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1974 ryerekeye ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 28. Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 19 n’iya 33.

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Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 55. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 9 n’iya 111. Itegeko No 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, ingingo ya 255. Itegeko N° 05/2015 ryo ku wa 30/03/2015 rigenga imitunganyirize y’ubwiteganyirize bwa pansiyo, ingingo ya 4. Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya ya 3 n’iya 47. Itegeko ryo ku wa 30 Nyakanga 1888 ryerekeye ibyerekeye imirimo nshinganwa cyangwa amasezerano, ingingo ya 258. Iteka rya Perezida N°009/01 ryo ku wa 10/05/2016 rigena igipimo cy’umusanzu utangwa mu bwiteganyirize bwa pansiyo butegetswe, ingingo ya 4. Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 009/19.20 ryo ku wa 17/03/2020 rigena amafaranga yo gushyingura n’ay’impozamarira ku mukozi. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC 00019/2022/CA, Kanziga Thancille na Mukandutiye Emerance rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 19/01/2024. RS/ INJUST/RC 00004/2019/SC, Vérène Candali et al., rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 28/07/2020. RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2018/SC, Nditiribambe Samuel, Gatera Jason na Nyamaswa Faustin rwaciwe ku wa 13/03/2020. RS/INJUST/RC 00024/2018/CS, Ngizweninshuti Albert na Muhima Giovanni rwaciwe ku wa 21/02/2020. RS/REV/INJUST/CIV 0023/16/CS, Rutabayiru na bagenzi be vs. Mukamabano, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/09/2019. RS/INJUST/RC 00013/2021 /CA, Manirarora Jean de Dieu, Rwanda Rudniki Ltd na Sanlam AG Plc. rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 20/03/2018, uwitwa Hakizimfura Prosper yahanutse ku gikwa arapfa mu gihe yarimo akorera NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd akazi k’ubufundi. Abagize umuryango we 16 (umugore n’abana be bane, ababyeyi be bombi n’abavandimwe be icyenda), ari bo Akimanizanye Gaudence, Ishimwe Eric, Kurujyibwami Antoine, Mfurayamahoro Hervin, Mukakalisa Marie Goretti, Mukansabira Théodette, Mukansanga Clémentine, Mushimiyimana Honorine, Nsabimana Célestin, Tabaro Anastase, Urengeyintwali Pacifique, Uwamahoro Olive, Uwamariya Béata, Uwihirwe Fabrice, Uwizeyimana Wivine na Zigirinshuti Faustin, basabye NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd nk’umukoresha wa nyakwigendera kubaha indishyi zinyuranye zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka, abasubiza ko abakozi be bose yabafatiye ubwishingizi bukomoka ku mpanuka mu kigo cy’ubwishingizi cya SONARWA GI Company Ltd, ku buryo iyo hari umukozi ugize impanuka ku kazi agapfa, umuryango we uba ugomba guhabwa amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw). [2] Kubera iyo mpanuka, abagize umuryango wa nyakwigendera bavuzwe haruguru bahagarariwe na Me Nsabayezu Evariste bareze NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd na SONARWA GI Company Ltd mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, ikiburanwa ari indishyi zihwanye na 28.078.500 Frw zikomoka ku mpanuka ikomoka ku murimo Hakizimfura Prosper yagize ari mu kazi ku wa

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20/3/2018, ahanuka ku gikwa yitura hasi arimo yubaka arapfa, zibazwe ku buryo bukurikira: Amafaranga 418.500 Frw akomoka ku byamutanzweho nyuma y’impanuka; amafaranga 8.800.000 Frw y’indishyi mbangamirabukungu; amafaranga 11.340.000 akomoka ku ndishyi mbangamiramubano; amafaranga 2.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka; amafaranga 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza; amafaranga 20.000 frw y’ingwate y’amagarama. [3] SONARWA GI Company Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Uwanyirigira Delphine yireguye ivuga ko yagiranye amasezerano y'ubwishingizi bw'impanuka yo mu kazi na NICE EGGS Company Ltd bumvikana ko mu gihe umukozi ahitanywe n'impanuka izajya yishyura 500.000 Frw, ko ibi ari nako bigomba kugenda kuri Hakizimfura Prosper wahanutse ku gikwa cy'inzu maze hakishyurwa 500.000 Frw yari yemeranyijweho mu masezerano, ko kuba hari ikindi yabazwa asanga bitaba bikurikije amategeko. [4] NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Ngilinshuti Jean Bosco yireguye ivuga ko iki kirego kitakagombye kwakirwa kuko kitari mu bubasha bw'Urukiko ndetse ko n'icyo abarega baregera bagihawe, ko nta mpamvu y'ikirego, nta n’inyungu bafite. [5] Ku wa 06/05/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwaciye urubanza RSOC 00189/2019/TGI/GSBO, rwemeza ko ku birebana n’inzitizi zo kutakira ikirego, ikirego cya Nsabimana Célestin, Mukansanga Clémentine, Zigirinshuti Faustin, Uwamahoro Olive, Akimanizanye Gaudence, Urengerintwari Pacifique, Mukansabira Théodette, Mushimiyimana Honorine, Tabaro Anastase, Kurujyibwami Antoine na Mukalisa Marie Goreth (ni ukuvuga ababyeyi n’abavandimwe ba Hakizimfura Prosper) kitakiriwe ngo gisuzumwe mu mizi. [6] Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya Uwamariya Béata, Ishimwe Eric, Uwizeyimana Wivine, Mfurayamahoro Hervin na Uwihirwe Fabrice (ni ukuvuga umugore n’abana ba nyakwigendera) gifite ishingiro. Rutegeka NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd kubishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’akazi yishe Hakizimfura Prosper zingana na 11.418.500 Frw, muri aya mafaranga umwishingizi wayo SONARWA ikishyuramo 500.000 Frw, no kubishyura indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza zingana na 600.000 Frw n’amagarama y’urubanza yatanzwe angana na 20.000 Frw. [7] NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd yajuririye iyi mikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, uyihagarariye avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwirengagije inzitizi yatanze yo kutakira ikirego, ko rwageneye abaregwa indishyi z’umurengera kandi zidafite aho zishingiye no kuba itarahawe indishyi yasabye ku rwego rwa mbere mu kirego kiregera kwiregura. Me Nsabayezu Evariste nawe yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi anenga kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwarageneye indishyi umupfakazi n’abana ba nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper bonyine, ntiruzigenere n’ababyeyi be Kurujyibwami Antoine na Mukakalisa Marie Goreth kandi nabo bari batunzwe n’umwana wabo wapfuye ku bw’itegeko bitiriwe biba ngombwa ko bagira ibimenyetso byihariye babitangira. [8] Ku wa 29/04/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rwakijije urubanza RSOCA 00148/2020/HC/KIG, rwemeza ko ubujurire rwashyikirijwe na NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse kuri bimwe, ko SONARWA GI Company Ltd igomba kwishyura umuryango wa nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper uhagarariwe n’umugore we Uwamaliya Beathe indishyi zihwanye na 500.000 Frw naho NICE EGGS COMPANY ikawishyura 750.000 Frw. Urukiko kandi rwategetse ko ingwate y’amagarama NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd yatanze ijurira angana na 40.000 Frw ihwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [9] Akimanizanye Gaudence, Ishimwe Eric, Kurujyibwami Antoine, Mfurayamahoro Hervin, Mukakalisa Marie Goretti, Mukansabira Theodette, Mukansanga Clémentine, Mushimiyimana Honorine, Nsabimana Célestin, Tabaro Anastase, Urengeyintwali Pacifique, Uwamahoro Olive,

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Uwamariya Béata, Uwihirwe Fabrice, Uwizeyimana Wivine na Zigirinshuti Faustin basabye gusubirishamo urubanza RSOCA 00148/2020/HC/KIG ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, mu cyemezo nimero 231/CJ/2022 cyo ku wa 18/10/2022, yemeza ko urubanza rusubirwamo, arwoherereza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo abe ari rwo ruruburanisha, ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RSOC 00013/2022/CA muri uru Rukiko. [10] Mu iburanisha ry’urubanza ryo ku wa 08/01/2020, abarega bose uko ari 16 bitabye bahagarariwe na Me Nsabayezu Evariste, SONARWA GI COMPANY Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Uwanyirigira Delphine, naho NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Rutagengwa Jean Damascène. [11] Mu mwanzuro w’abarega no mu miburanire yabo, Me Nsabayezu Evariste ubaburanira bose avuga muri rusange ko abarega bose bafite inyungu, ububasha n’ubushobozi byo gusaba ko urubanza RSOCA 00148/2020/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane kuko barubayemo ababuranyi. Asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko urubanza RSOCA 00148/2020/HC/KIG rugaragaramo akarengane bityo rukaba rugomba kuvanwaho, Urukiko rukemeza ko indishyi zasabwe n’abarega bagize umuryango wa nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper zitangwa na NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd nk’uko zasobanuwe hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’Umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. Asaba kandi Urukiko kwemeza ko SONARWA GI Company Ltd yishyura gusa amafaranga 500.000 Frw hashingiwe ku masezerano yagiranye na NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd. Asaba kandi Urukiko kwemeza ko indishyi zijyanye n’ibyatakajwe hakurikiranwa uru rubanza ku barega zitangwa NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd. [12] Uburanira NICE EGGS Company Ltd avuga muri rusange ko abemerewe kugira indishyi bahabwa kubera urupfu rwa Hakizimfura Prosper ari umupfakazi n’abana yasize bonyine, ko hashingiwe ku kuba ababyeyi bombi n’abavandimwe icyenda (9) ba nyakwigendera batari mu bo yari atunze bafite uburenganzira kuri izo ndishyi, hakaba nta n’itegeko ribaha ubwo burenganzira, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwanze kwakira ikirego cyabo ku rwego rwa mbere kandi bikaba bitarigeze bijuririrwa ngo hafatwe ikindi cyemezo gikuraho icyo, bityo ko batanagomba kwemererwa gusubirishamo urubanza nk’abarenganyijwe ku ngingo y’imibarire n’ingano by’indishyi zagenwe mu rubanza rusubirishwamo. Avuga kandi ko ibivugwa n’abarega ku mibarire y’indishyi basaba n’amategeko yashingirwaho nta nshingiro bifite kuko ibyo basaba Urukiko bidashoboka kubera ko amategeko basaba ko Urukiko rwashingiraho ari amategeko areba ibijyanye n'impanuka y'ibinyabiziga byo mu muhanda, mu gihe nyakwigendera atazize impanuka yo mu muhanda. [13] Uburanira NICE EGGS Company Ltd avuga ko indishyi abemerewe kuziregera bagenerwa zikwiye gushingira ku biteganywa mu ingingo ya 19 mu gika cyayo cya 2 y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda1 , ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 4 mu gika cya 1 y’Itegeko N° 05/2015 ryo ku wa 30/03/2015 rigenga imitunganyirize y’ubwiteganyirize bwa pansiyo2, ndetse n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’ Iteka rya Perezida N°009/01 ryo ku wa 10/05/2016 rigena igipimo cy’umusanzu utangwa mu bwiteganyirize bwa pansiyo butegetswe3. Asoza asaba ko

1 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko umukozi wagize impanuka cyangwa indwara bikomoka ku murimo atarateganyirijwe n’umukoresha we mu kigo cy’ubwiteganyirize mu Rwanda yishyurwa n’umukoresha amafaranga angana nk’ayo yagahawe n’ikigo cy’ubwiteganyirize mu Rwanda iyo aza kuba yarateganyirijwe, harimo kumuvuza n’ibindi bijyanye na byo. 2 aho rivuga ko abantu bagomba kuba mu bwiteganyirize bwa pansiyo butegetswe ni aba bakurikira: abakozi bose bagengwa n’itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda igihe bakora mu Rwanda hatitawe ku bwenegihugu, imiterere y’amasezerano, igihe azamara cyangwa se ingano y’umushahara. 3 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko igipimo cy’umusanzu mu bwiteganyirize bwa pansiyo butegetswe ari gatandatu ku ijana (6%) by’umushahara ubarirwaho umusanzu uteganywa n’itegeko. umugabane w’umukoresha kimwe n’uw’umukozi ni gatatu ku ijana (3%) by’umushahara ubarirwaho umusanzu.

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abarega bategekwa kwishyura NICE EGGS Company Ltd amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, naho ku bindi Urukiko rukemeza ko mu rubanza rusubirishwamo Urukiko Rukuru rwahaye abarega indishyi nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko. [14] Uburanira SONARWA GI Company Ltd avuga muri make ko iki kirego cy’akarengane nta shingiro gifite ku buryozwe ubwo ari bwo bwose bwasabwa SONARWA kubera ko n'ubusanzwe itahinduye ibyo yemeye na mbere y’uko izanwa mu manza n’abarega badafite ikindi bayisaba uretse gusa ngo kugaragaza aho amasezerano yagiranye na NICE EGGS Company Ltd agarukira, aho na mbere y’uko imanza zibaho yasobanuye ko inshingano yayo yemera ari ukwishyura 500. 000 Frw yasezeranye na NICE EGGS Company Ltd mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi bagiranye. Asaba kandi ko SONARWA GI Company Ltd ihabwa n’abarega amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kubera kuyizana mu rubanza idafite ikindi isabwamo gitandukanye n’icyo nayo ubwayo yemeye gutanga na mbere y’uko iregwa. [15] Nyuma y’impaka zimaze kuvugwa muri make haruguru, harasuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira: a. Kumenya niba mu baregeye gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane hari abo Urukiko rutagomba kubyemerera; b. Kumenya icyashingirwaho mu kugenera indishyi abemerewe gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ingano yazo n’ugomba kuziryozwa; c. Ibijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba mu baregeye gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane hari abo Urukiko rutagomba kubyemerera [16] Me Nsabayezu Evariste, uhagarariye abaregeye gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane bose uko ari 16, avuga ko abo barega bose bafite inyungu, ububasha n’ubushobozi byo gusaba ko urubanza RSOCA 00148/2020/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane kuko barubayemo ababuranyi. Asobanura ko ishingiro ry’akarengane baregera riri mu kuba, mu guca urubanza rusubirishwamo, Urukiko Rukuru rwaragennye indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yateye urupfu rwa Hakizimfura Prosper rushingiye ku masezerano NICE EGGS Company Ltd yagiranye na SONARWA GI Company Ltd, mu gihe nta ruhare na rumwe nyakwigendera yigeze agira muri ayo masezerano. Hari kandi aho aburana avuga ko abaregeye indishyi bari banyuzwe n’indishyi zingana na 11.418.500 Frw zari zagenwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye ku rwego rwa mbere4, ahandi akavuga ko abo ahagarariye ubu baregera bose uko ari 16 indishyi zose hamwe zingana n’izo n’ubundi bari bareze basaba ku rwego rwa mbere5. [17] Uburanira NICE EGGS Company Ltd avuga ko ikirego cy’ababyeyi n’abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper cyagarukiye ku rwego rubanza mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ubwo cyafatwagaho icyemezo cyo kutakirwa kandi bikaba bitarigeze bijuririrwa ngo hafatwe ikindi cyemezo gikuraho icyo, bityo ko batanagomba kwemererwa gusubirishamo urubanza nk’abarenganyijwe ku ngingo y’imibarire n’ingano by’indishyi zagenwe mu rubanza rusubirishwamo.

4 Haributswa ko ku rwego rwa mbere abagenewe izo ndishyi ari umupfakazi n’abana 4 gusa ba nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper, mu gihe ikirego cy’ababyeyi bombi n’abavandimwe be Urukiko rwari rwemeje kutacyakira. 5 Izo ndishyi zirimo n’izari zasabwe mu kirego cy’ababyeyi n’abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera Urukiko ku rwego rwa mbere rukemeza ko kitakirwa kandi uko kutakirwa bikaba bitarajuririwe ngo binasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza ubu rwemerewe gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane.

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[18] Uburanira SONARWA GI Company Ltd ntacyo yigeze avuga kuri iki kibazo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa aha kigamije kumenya niba mu gihe ku rwego rubanza mu rubanza RSOC Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwemeje ukutakirwa kw’ikirego cy’ababyeyi n’abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper, bakaba batarabijuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza gusa ku birebana n’ibyo rwari rwajuririwe bijyanye n’imizi y’urubanza, ababuranyi batakiririwe ikirego ku rwego rubanza ubu bakwemererwa kuregera gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RSOCA 00148/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku rwego rw’ubujurire n’Urukiko Rukuru. [20] Nyuma yo kugaragaza mu gika cyayo kibanza urutonde rw’impamvu zemerewe gushingirwaho hasubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza rwamaze kuba itegeko, ingingo ya 55, igika cya 2 y’Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya irengayobora aho igira iti: icyakora, umuburanyi wari ufite uburenganzira bwo kwiyambaza izindi nzira z’ubujurire zisanzwe n’izidasanzwe ariko ntabikore mu gihe giteganyijwe n’amategeko ntiyemerewe gusaba ko urubanza yatsinzwe rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, keretse akarengane kabonywe n’Ubugenzuzi Bukuru bw’Inkiko. [21] Nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ibivugwa muri iki gika cya 2 cy’ingingo ya 55 bivuze ko atari igihe cyose ababuranyi bemerewe kwiyambaza inzira yo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane zivugwa muri iyi ngingo. Umuburanyi atakaza uburenganzira bwo gusaba ko urubanza rwe rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane iyo yirengagije kunyura mu nzira z’ubujurire zisanzwe n’izidasanzwe ziteganywa n’amategeko, yarabikoze impitagihe cyangwa akaba yarabikoze mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Kugira ngo umuburanyi agire uburenganzira bwo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane agomba kuba yararangije inzira z’ubujurire zindi. Umurongo Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwatanze kuri iki kibazo ni uko uku kurangiza inzira z’ubujurire bitagomba kuba nko kurangiza umuhango gusa, aho rwabisobanuye muri aya magambo: Uru Rukiko rusanga uburenganzira burengerwa n’itegeko ku muburanyi wagize akarengane mu rubanza ari uburenganzira bw’uwagerageje inzira z’ubujurire ariko akazikora mu buryo bukurikije amategeko; bityo igikorwa cyo kuba warajuriye ubwacyo, sicyo gihesha umuburanyi uburenganzira bwo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane6. [22] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kandi rwatanze undi murongo ko ababuranyi batemerewe kuzana mu karengane ibibazo bitigeze biburanishwa mu nkiko zibanza. Uyu murongo ugaragara mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’urwo Rukiko, nko mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00004/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 28/07/2020, aho Urukiko rwasobanuye ko ibibazo bitaburanyweho mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane bidashobora gusuzumwa mu rwego rw’akarengane, kuko umuburanyi atavuga ko yagize akarengane ku kibazo atigeze asaba Urukiko gusuzuma7. Uwo murongo kandi wakurikijwe no mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, mu zo ruheruka guca hakaba harimo urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00019/2022/CA rwa Kanziga Thancille na Mukandutiye Emerance, rwaciwe ku wa 19/01/2024.

6 Reba urubanza RS/REV/INJUST/CIV 0023/16/CS rwaciwe ku wa 27/09/2019 rwa Rutabayiru na bagenzi be baburana na Mukamabano. 7 Reba urubanza RS/ INJUST/RC 00004/2019/SC haburana Vérène CANDALI et al., rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga 28/07/2020, igika cya 23, urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00024/2018/CS rwaciwe ku wa 21/02/2020, haburana Ngizweninshuti Albert na Muhima Giovanni n’urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2018/SC rwaciwe ku wa 13/03/2020, haburana Nditiribambe Samuel, Gatera Jason na Nyamaswa Faustin.

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[23] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko uru rubanza rugitangira ku rwego rwa mbere mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, abarega bari cumi na batandatu (16) bagizwe n’umugore umwe n’abana bane (4) basizwe na nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper, ababyeyi be bombi n’abavandiwe be icyenda (9). Mu gusesengura ikibazo kijyanye n’inzitizi yari yazamuwe na NICE EGGS Company Ltd cyo gusuzuma niba abandi barega batari umugore n’abana ba nyakwigendera bafite inyungu n’ububasha byo gutanga icyo kirego, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 28 y’Itegeko-Teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1974 ryerekeye ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu, iyo ngingo ikaba iteganya abashobora guhabwa amafaranga iyo uwiteganyirije yapfuye, rushingiye ku kuba abashobora guhabwa amafaranga kubera urupfu rwa Hakizimfura Prosper ari abo iyo ngingo yemerera ubwo burenganzira iyo ajya kuba yarateganyirijwe n’umukoresha we NICE EGGS Company Ltd, rwasanze abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera nta bubasha bafite bwo kuregera indishyi kuko batari mu bateganywa n’ingingo y’Itegeko-Teka yavuzwe haruguru, ko ababyeyi bombi ba nyakwigendera nabo badafite ubwo bubasha kuko nta kigaragaza ko ari nyakwigendera wari ubatunze, ko ubwo bubasha bufitwe gusa n’umugore wari warashyingiranywe na nyakwigendera ndetse n’abana bane babyaranye. Kuri urwo rwego Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje kutakira ikirego cy’ababyeyi n’abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera, no kwakira ikirego cy’umugore n’abana be bonyine ruba ari nacyo cyonyine rufataho icyemezo mu mizi8. [24] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza na none ko ku rwego rw’ubujurire mu Rukiko Rukuru umuburanyi wajuriye ari NICE EGGS Company Ltd agaragaza ko atishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere ku birebana no kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutarahaye ishingiro inzitizi y’iburabubasha yari yazamuye, ibirebana no kuba rwarageneye umugore n’abana ba nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper indishyi z’umurengera, ibirebana no kuba itaragenewe indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko kuri urwo rwego rw’ubujurire Me Nsabayezu Evariste uhagarariye abarega bose yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba ko ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper ari bo Kurujyibwami Antoine na Mukakalisa Marie Goreth bahabwa indishyi zingana na 1.620.000 Frw n’ubundi bari baregeye ku rwego rubanza9, kuko ngo atari ngombwa ko babanza kugaragaza ko bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 255, igika cya 2 y’Itegeko No 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, ndetse bakanashingira ku nyandiko y’umuhanga Jean Carbonnier. [25] Urukiko rurasanga ku birebana n’abavandimwe icyenda (9) ba nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper, ntacyo Urukiko Rukuru rwigeze rusabwa ku rwego rw’ubujurire, ntacyo rwigeze rusuzuma ndetse nta n’icyo rwigeze rwemeza kirebana nabo, mu rubanza ubu rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane; icyemezo cyonyine kibareba mu ruhererekane rw’izi manza n’icyo bafatiwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku rwego rwa mbere cyo kutakira ikirego cyabo kiregera indishyi. Bityo hashingiwe ku mirongo yibukijwe haruguru yatanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, uru Rukiko rurasanga ikirego gisaba indishyi cy’abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper cyaragarukiye ku rwego rwa mbere, icyemezo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwagifasheho cyo kutacyakira kikaba ari cyo abo bireba bari kuba barajuririye kugira ngo kigere mu Rukiko Rukuru, ariko bakaba batarabikoze. Urukiko rurasanga rero ikirego cy’abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru batigeze baburanishwamo cyangwa se ngo bafatirwemo icyemezo, kitagomba kwakirwa10.

8 Reba ibika bya 11, 15, 16, 17, 34 na 35 by’urubanza RSOC 00189/2019/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku rwego rubanza n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 06/05/2020. 9 Uru Rukiko ruributsa ko icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye ari icyo kutakira ikirego cy’ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera, atari icyo kudagiha ishingiro ku ndishyi baregeraga. 10 Abo bavandimwe ni Nsabimana Celestin, Mukansanga Clementine Zigirinshuti Faustin, Uwamahoro Olive, Akimanizanye Gaudence, Urengeyintwari Pacifique, Tabaro Anastase, Mukansabira Theodette, Mushimiyimana Honorine na Tabaro Anastase.

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[26] Urukiko rurasanga ku birebana n’ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper ubaburanira atarigeze ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru agamije gusaba guhindura icyemezo cyo kutakirwa kw’ikirego cyabo cyari cyarafashwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye ku rwego rwa mbere; icyo yakoze kibareba mu Rukiko Rukuru kikaba ari ukongera gusa gusaba indishyi bari baregeye ku rwego rubanza mu gihe iyo ashaka ko bakomeza urubanza icyo yari gukora kwari ugusaba Urukiko Rukuru gusuzuma ni Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaranze kwakira ikirego cyabo kandi cyaragombaga kwakirwa, Urukiko Rukuru narwo rukaba nta cyemezo rwigeze rufata gihindura icyari cyarafashwe ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye. Bityo ku birebana na Kurujyibwami Antoine na Mukakalisa Marie Goreth, ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper, ikirego cyabo cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru batajuririye ku byo bagombaga kurujuririraho, kikaba kitagomba kwakirwa ku mpamvu zimwe n’izasobanuwe haruguru ku bireba abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera. [27] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze kugaragazwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga ikirego gisubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RSOC A 00148/2020/HC/KIG kigomba kwakirwa gusa ku birebana n’abarega bakoresheje mu buryo bukurikije amategeko inzira z’ubujurire zagejeje urwo rubanza ku kuba ndakuka; ibyo bikaba bireba gusa abarega bagizwe n’umugore n’abana bane ba nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper ari bo: Uwamariya Beata (umupfakazi), Ishimwe Eric, Uwizeyimana Wivine, Mfurayamahoro Hervin na Uwihirwe Fabrice (abana). 2. Kumenya icyashingirwaho mu kugenera indishyi abemerewe gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ingano yazo n’ugomba kuziryozwa [28] Me Nsabayezu Evariste, uhagarariye Uwamariya Beata (umupfakazi), Ishimwe Eric, Uwizeyimana Wivine, Mfurayamahoro Hervin na Uwihirwe Fabrice abana ba nyakwigendera Hakizimfura), avuga ko byari mu nshingano za NICE EGGS Company Ltd nk’umukoresha wa nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper kumushyira mu bwishingizi bw’impanuka, kandi ko yari yagerageje kubikora, ariko ko ibyo yakoze byo gusinyana na SONARWA GI Company Ltd amasezerano ateganya ko umukozi naramuka agize impanuka mu kazi agatakaza ubuzima umwishingizi azishyura umuryango wa nyakwigendera amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw), bidahagije, ko ayo masezerano atari yo agomba gukoreshwa mu kubagenera indishyi kuko nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper nta ruhare yagize mu kuyakora gutyo. [29] Avuga ko abo aburanira basaba indishyi zishingiye ku kuba Hakizimfura Prosper yari umukozi wa NICE EGGS COMPANY LTD, umukoresha we akaba yari afite inshingano zo kumufatira ubwishingizi burebana n’impanuka ikomoka ku kazi hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 47 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryariho mu gihe nyakwigendera yakoraga impanuka y’akazi yaguyemo, aho ivuga ko mu nshingano z’ingenzi umukoresha afite harimo no gushyira abakozi mu bwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, ndetse no ku biteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 3, igika cya 3 y’iryo Tegeko ko umukozi wo mu mirimo itanditse atarebwa n’iri Tegeko keretse ku bijyanye n’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, kwibumbira mu masendika ndetse n’ibirebana n’ubuzima n’umutekano wabo ku kazi. [30] Akomeza avuga ko indishyi basaba zabarwa hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga ngo nk’uko n’abandi bose bagize impanuka bishyurwa; ku ndishyi zigenwe muri ubwo buryo SONARWA ikishyuraho uruhare rwayo rungana na 500.000 Frw hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yagiranye na NICE EGGS Company Ltd, izindi ndishyi zisigaye abarega bakazishyurwa na NICE EGGS Company Ltd. [31] Agaragaza ko, hashingiwe ku kuba Hakizimfura Prosper yarapfuye afite imyaka 43, habura imyaka 22 ngo atangire ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru, kandi akaba yari umufundi uhembwa amafaranga

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5.000 Frw ku munsi, indishyi zisabwa zibazwe mu buryo bwavuzwe haruguru zigizwe n’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na [5.000 Frw x30 jours x12 mois x 22 ans x2/3]/ 1+(7%x22)= 26.400.000 Frw/3= 8.800.000 Frw; indishyi z’akababaro kuri Uwamaliya Beata zingana na 1x(3000x30x12)= 1.080.000 Frw n’indishyi z’akababaro ku bana ba nyakwigendera bane (4) zingana na 0,75x (3000x30x1)x4= 810.000x4= 3.240.000 Frw. Anongeraho ariko ko, mu rwego rwo guhagarika ibyo guhora mu nkiko, iyo NICE EGGS Company Ltd itaza kujuririra urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, abo aburanira bemeraga kunyurwa n’izingana na 11.418.500 Frw bari bagenewe n’urwo Rukiko mu bushishozi bwarwo rushingiye ku ngingo ya 258 y’Itegeko ryo ku wa 30 Nyakanga 1888 ryerekeye ibyerekeye imirimo nshinganwa cyangwa amasezerano ryariho igihe baregaga n’igihe impanuka y’akazi yateye urupfu rwa Hakizimfura Prosper yabaga. [32] Me Rutagengwa Jean Damascene, uhagarariye NICE EGGS Company Ltd, avuga ko ingingo z’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda abarega bashingiraho indishyi basaba ntaho zihuriye n'ibyo bavuga ndetse ko, nk'uko nabo babyivugira zitareba abakozi bakora imirimo itanditse kandi arirwo rwego Hakizimfura Prosper yari arimo. Avuga ko ingingo z’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga abarega basaba gushingiraho mu kubara indishyi ridahuje kamere n'ikiburanwa, bityo ko zidashobora kwifashishwa kuko zirebana gusa n'ibijyanye n'impanuka zo mu muhanda atari izo ku kazi. Asoza avuga ko ku ruhande rw'umukoresha nta nshingano NICE EGGS Company Ltd itubahirije kuko ubwishingizi yagombaga gufatira abakozi bayo yabufashe, ngo naho ibivugwa n’abarega ko budahagije bakaba ntaho babishingira. [33] Akomeza avuga ko ingingo ya 33 y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda iteganya ko umukoresha aha umuryango w’umukozi wapfuye amafaranga yo kumushyingura n’ay’impozamarira, naho Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 009/19.20 ryo ku wa 17/03/2020 rigena amafaranga yo gushyingura n’ay’impozamarira ku mukozi ryo rikavuga ko amafaranga yo gushyingura agenerwa umuryango w’umukozi wapfuye adashobora kujya munsi y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw). [34] Me Rutagengwa Jean Damascene, uhagarariye NICE EGGS Company Ltd, avuga kandi ko kuri nyakwigendera Hakuzimfura Prosper utari umukozi wa NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd mu buryo buhoraho kuko yari umuyede (aide-maçon) ku ishantiye (chantier de construction) wo mu rwego rw’abahereza abafundi, uhembwa 2.500 Frw ku munsi, NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd yanagize icyo igenera umuryango we aho yatanze amafaranga yo gushyingura n’uburyo bwo gutwara umurambo byose hamwe bihwanye na 300.000 Frw, kandi ko n’abarega badahakana ko ayo mafaranga yatanzwe. Asaba ko mu gusuzuma ikibazo cy’indishyi zisabwa n’abarega hazagenderwa ku Itegeko n’Iteka rya Minisitiri yavuze haruguru kandi ko nta karengane kabaye mu zagenwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [35] Me Uwanyirigira Delphine, uhagarariye SONARWA GI Company Ltd, avuga ko hashingiwe ku masezerano NICE EGGS Company Ltd yagiranye na SONARWA bakemeranwa ko mu gihe habaye impanuka SONARWA GI Co Ltd izishyura 500.000 Frw, asanga nta karengane karimo ku ruhande rwa SONARWA GI Co Ltd kuko Urukiko rwemeje ko igomba kwishyura amafaranga yemejwe mu masezerano, SONARWA GI Co Ltd nayo ikaba nta na rimwe yigeze yanga kuyishyura. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [36] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa hano kirebana no kumenya niba mu rwego nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper yakoranagamo na NICE EGGS Company Ltd ku munsi yapfiriyeho azize

## Page 11

impanuka yakoreye mu kazi hari amategeko yaba ahari asobanura neza uko indishyi zikomoka ku rupfu rwe zigomba kugenwa cyangwa se uko zagenwa mu gihe ayo mategeko yaba atabonetse. [37] Urukiko rurasanga ikibazo gisa n’iki cyarasuzumwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00013/2021 /CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2022 haburana Manirarora Jean de Dieu, Rwanda Rudniki Ltd na SANLAM AG Plc. Muri urwo rubanza, Manirarora Jean de Dieu wari umukozi ukora akazi ko gucukura amabuye y’agaciro muri sosiyeti yitwa Rwanda Rudniki Ltd icukuza ayo mabuye yagwiriwe n’ikirombe ku wa 29/10/2015 bimuviramo kugira ubumuga buhoraho buri ku gipimo cya 40%, aregera indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’akazi, asaba ko zibarwa hagendewe ku buryo buteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasanze nta tegeko rihari rirebana n’impanuka yabereye mu kirombe gicukurwamo amabuye y’agaciro, rusanga bidakwiye kubara indishyi hagendewe ku Iteka ryagenewe ibirebana n’impanuka zo mu muhanda, maze rushingiye ku ngingo ya 9 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi11, rusanga mu kugenera Manirarora Jean de Dieu indishyi hagomba gushingirwa ku ihame rusange ryerekeye uburyozwe buturutse ku byangijwe n’ibintu umuntu ashinzwe kurinda (responsabilité du fait des choses) rigaragara mu ngingo ya 260, igika cya mbere y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano cyariho mu gihe Manirarora yakoraga impanuka mu mwaka wa 2015, indishyi zisabwa zikagenwa hashingiwe ku gushyira mu gaciro no mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko. [38] Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rushyize mu gaciro mu bushishozi bwarwo, rwasanze rutakwemeza ko Manirarora Jean de Dieu yakoraga buri munsi, rushingira ku kuba yari umuntu ufite icyo akora kandi ufite umuryango atunze, rusanga yarashoboraga gukora byibuze iminsi itatu (3) mu cyumweru, ni ukuvuga iminsi cumi n’ibiri (12) mu kwezi, maze rumugenera indishyi z’akababaro mu buryo bw’imbumbe y’amafaranga, ariko indishyi mbonezamusaruro ruzimugenera mu buryo bwa formule ikurikira rwashyizeho ku mukozi nka we wa nyakabyizi: 3.000 Frw (umushahara muto ntarengwa) x 12 (iminsi yashoboraga gukora mu kwezi) x 12 (amezi y’umwaka) x 40/100 (igipimo cy’ubumuga) x 36 (igihe cyo gukora yari asigaje kugira ngo agire imyaka 65) = 6.220.800 Frw. [39] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko, kimwe no kuri Manirarora Jean de Dieu, muri uru rubanza nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper nawe yari umukozi wa nyakabyizi wahembwaga umushahara ku munsi utavugwaho rumwe hagati y’uburanira umukoresha we n’uburanira abaregera indishyi (les ayant droit), akaba nta masezerano yanditse y’igihe iki n’iki yari afitanye n’umukoresha atanga icyizere cyo kuba yari kuzahora amukorera kugeza igihe azagerera ku myaka yo kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru ariko, nawe akaba yari umuntu ufite icyo ashobora kwinjiza kimutunga kandi kigatunga umuryango we, mu gihe Manirarora Jean de Dieu yagize ubumuga atewe n’impanuka yo kugwirwa n’ikirombe akaba yaraburaga imyaka 36 kugira ngo agere ku myaka 65 yo kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, uyu Hakizimfura Prosper we akaba yaraburaga imyaka 22 mu buryo butagibwaho impaka n’ababurany, aba bakozi bombi bagereranywa bakaba kandi baragize impanuka mu gihe hari hakiriho Itegeko ryo ku wa 30 Nyakanga 1888 ryerekeye ibyerekeye imirimo nshinganwa cyangwa amasezerano. Itandukaniro riri hagati y’aba bakozi bombi rishingiye gusa ku kuba mu gihe kuri Manirarora Jean de Dieu impanuka yo kugwirwa n’ikirombe yamuteye ubumuga buhoraho buri ku gipimo cya 40%, Hakizimfura Prosper we yahitanywe n’impanuka yo guhanuka ku gikwa uru Rukiko rwagereranya n’ubumuga bwo ku gipimo cya 100%.

11 Iyi ngingo ivuga ko iyo nta tegeko rijyanye n’ikiburanwa Umucamanza ashingira ku mategeko asanga yashyiraho mu gihe yaba ashinzwe kuyashyiraho, yifashishije ibyemezo byagiye bifatwa n’inkiko, umuco, amahame rusange agenga amategeko n’inyandiko z’abahanga mu mategeko.

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[40] Urukiko rurasanga rukwiye gushingira ku igereranya hagati y’abakozi bombi rimaze kugaragazwa haruguru maze rukabarira abarega indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu/mbonezamusaruro bagomba guhuriraho bose, n’indishyi z’akababaro zigenwe kuri buri wese mu buryo bw’amafaranga y’imbumbe. [41] Ku birebana n’indishyi z’imbonezamusaruro (ibangamirabukungu), Urukiko rurasanga izo abarega bagomba kugenerwa ari izibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: 3.000 Frw (umushahara muto ntarengwa) x 12 (iminsi yashoboraga gukora mu kwezi) x 12 (amezi y’umwaka) x 100/100 (igipimo cy’ubumuga ku wapfuye) x 22 (igihe cyo gukora yari asigaje kugira ngo agire imyaka 65) = 9.504.000 Frw. [42] Ku birebana n’indishyi z’akabaro zigomba kugenerwa umugore n’abana bane (4) ba nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper, Urukiko rurasanga ku rwego rwa mbere mu rubanza RSOC 00189/2019/TGI/GSBO Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo mu bushishozi bwarwo rwari rwabageneye izingana n’amafaranga miliyoni ebyiri n’ibihumbi magana atanu (2.500.000 Frw) kuri bose ariko mu bujurire Urukiko Rukuru ruzivanaho kuko indishyi zose hamwe zingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) rwazigeneye abarega rushingiye gusa ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yabaye hagati ya NICE EGGS Company Ltd na SONARWA GI Company Ltd. Nyuma yo kubona umurongo watanzwe mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko ari uko bene izo ndishyi zigenwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, Uru Rukiko rurasanga izingana na 2.500.000 Frw abarega uko ari 5 bari bagenewe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko ku rwego wa mbere, nta mpamvu yari ihari yagombaga gutuma zihindurwa mu bujurire n’Urukiko Rukuru, bityo uru Rukiko rukaba ari zo rugaruyeho. [43] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi zose umupfakazi n’abana ba nyakwigendera Hakizimfura Prosper bagenewe, ni ukuvuga 9.504.000 Frw + 2.500.00 Frw = 12.004.000 Frw, zigomba kwishyurwa na NICE EGGS Company Ltd ifatanyije n’umwishingizi wayo SONARWA GI Company Ltd ku kigero yishingiye kingana na 500.000 Frw ku mukozi wagize impanuka ikamuviramo urupfu nk’uko bikubiye mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 25/04/2018. 3. Ibijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi [44] Abarega basaba Urukiko gutegeka NICE EGGS Company Ltd kubishyura 2.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 1.500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, bagasubizwa n’amafaranga 60.000 Frw yatanzweho ingwate y’amagarama mu rwego rwa mbere no mu rwego rw’ubujurire. [45] NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd ivuga ko amafaranga asabwa n’abarega nta shingiro afite, igasaba ahubwo ko ari bo bategekwa kuyiha amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza ahwanye na 300.000 Frw na 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [46] SONARWA GI COMPANY Ltd na yo isaba Urukiko gutegeka abareze kuyiha igihembo cya Avoka kingana na 1.000.000 Frw hamwe n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 200.000 Frw. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [47] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza

## Page 13

kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo, gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [48] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza Uwamariya Beata, Ishimwe Eric, Uwizeyimana Wivine, Mfurayamahoro Hervin na Uwihirwe Fabrice basaba afite ishingiro, ariko kuko ayo basaba nta kigaragaza ko ariyo batanze, mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko rubageneye 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka ku nzego zose na 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amagarama, ku nzego zose, yose hamwe akaba 1.500.000 Frw, agomba kwishyurwa na NICE EGGS Company Ltd. [49] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ayikurikiranarubanza NICE EGGS Company isaba nta shingiro afite kuko imyiregurire yayo nta shingiro ifite. [50] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y'igihembo cya Avoka SONARWA GI Company Ltd isaba abarega kuko bayizanye muri uru rubanza nta shingiro afite, kuko nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru SONARWA GI Company Ltd yishingiye NICE EGGS Company Ltd, bityo kuba abarega barayizanye muri uru rubanza nk’umwishingizi nta kosa bakoze. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [51] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Kurujyibwami Antoine, Mukabalisa Marie Goretti, Nsabimana Célestin, Mukansanga Clémentine, Zigirinshuti Faustin, Uwamahoro Olive, Akimanizanye Gaudence, Urengerintwari Pacifique, Mukansabira Théodette, Mushimiyimana Honorine na Tabaro Anastase, cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane urubanza RSOCA 00148/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 29/04/2021, kitakiriwe; [52] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Uwamariya Béata, Ishimwe Eric, Uwizeyimana Wivine, Mfurayamahoro Hervin na Uwihirwe Fabrice, cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane urubanza RSOCA 00148/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 29/04/2021, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [53] Rutegetse NICE EGGS COMPANY Ltd kwishyura Uwamariya Béata, Ishimwe Eric, Uwizeyimana Wivine, Mfurayamahoro Hervin na Uwihirwe Fabrice amafaranga miliyoni icyemda n’ibihumbi magana atanu na bine (9.504.000 Frw) y’indishyi mbonezamusaruro, amafaranga miliyoni ebyiri n’ibihumbi magana atanu (2.500.000 Frw) y’indishyi z’akababaro, amafaranga miliyoni imwe y’igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amagarama, yose hamwe akaba amafaranga miliyoni cumi n’eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atanu na bine (13.504.000 Frw); [54] Rutegetse ko mu mafaranga y’indishyi mbonezamusaruro n’iz’akababaro amaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki SONARWA GI Company Ltd yishyura angana n’ibihumbi magana atanu yishingiye NICE EGGS Company Ltd.