ALPHA PALACE v UWANYIRIGIRA

ALPHA PALACE v UWANYIRIGIRA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-08-06 - Case/document no.: RCA 00092/2023/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

Text

Page 1

ALPHA PALACE Ltd v UWANYIRIGIRA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00092/2023/HC/KIG (Murererehe, P.J.) 06 Kamena 2023] Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Ibimenyetso mu manza – Ikimenyetso cy’inyandikomvugo y’inama iriho umukono wa Noteri - Kuba hari inyandiko mvugo y’inama, ikaba yashyizweho umukono na notaire, ibyo ubwabyo ntibihamya ko iyo nama yabayeho kuko umukono n’ibirango bya Notaire bidahamya ko yabihagazeho ko inama yabayeho, ahubwo nkuko bibigaragaza muri cashe ze handitse ze, biba bibonywe kugirango hemezwe umukono w’abawushyizeho. Incamake y’ikibazo: ALPHA PALACE Ltd yatanze ikirego isaba urukiko gutesha agaciro irangiza ry’urubanza RCA 00067/2019/TGI/NYGE – RC 00384/2018/TB/KICU ivuga ko hari imitungo yayo bwite yatanzwe mu kurangiza urwo rubanza. Uwanyirigira na Muvunyi batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego bavuga ko nta nama y’abanyamigabane b’ALPHA PALACE Ltd yigeze iterana ngo bemeze ko bagomba gutanga ikirego ariko ALPHA PALACE Ltd ikavuga inama yabaye hari na Notaire ariko bamwe mu banyamigabane bakanga gusinya bigatuma Bayingana nk’uwari ufite imigabane myinshi afata icyemezo cyo gutanga ikirego. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko inzitizi ifite ishingiro, bityo ko ikirego kitagombwa kwakirwa. ALPHA PALACE Ltd yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko urukiko rwabanje rwirengagije ibimenyetso byatanzwe bituma rufata icyemezo kidakwiye. Urukiko rukuru

rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba inzitizi yatanzwe yo kutakira ikirego kuko nta nama rusange y’abanyamigabane ba ALPHA PALACE Ltd yateranye ngo itange uburenganzira bwo gutanga ikirego itari ifite ishingiro. Urega avuga ko mu bimenyetso batanze birimoi ubutumire bwashyikirijwe abanyamigabane bose uko kandi hari inyandikomvugo y’iyo nama hakaba kandi hari n’aho abo banyamigabane bashyikirijwe amafaranga y’insimburamubyizi, ariko ibyo byose urukiko rwisumbuye rwarabyirengagije. Bayingana we avuga ko abanyamigabane bamwe banze gusinya bigatuma we yememza ko icyo kirego gitangwa bitewe n’uko ariwe ufite imigabane myinshi kandi inyandikomvugo yabyo ikaba yrashyizweho umukono na Notaire. Uwanyirigira na Muvunyi basobanura ko nta nama yigeze iba ko ahubwo iyo nyandikomvugo yakozwe na Bayingana wenyine aba ari nawe uyisinya arangije ayishyira Notaire nawe ayishyiraho umukono yemeza umukono wa Bayingana wari umaze kuyisinyira imbere ye bityo kuba indikomvugo y’inama yashyirwaho umukono na Notarie ntabwo bivuze ko inama yabaye. Bakomeza basobanura ko ku kijyanye n’amafaranga yaba yaroherejwe yiswe ayo kwitabira inama ko nabyo ataribyo kuko iyi Societe igizwe n’umugore, umugabo n’abana babo, kuba rero umugabo yakoherereza amafaranga abana babo nta gitangaza kirimo. Incamake y’icyemezo cy’Urukiko: Kuba hari inyandiko mvugo y’inama, ikaba yashyizweho umukono na notaire; ibyo ubwabyo ntibihamya ko iyo nama yabayeho kuko umukono n’ibirango bya Notaire bidahamya ko yabihagazeho ko inama yabayeho, ahubwo nkuko bibigaragaza muri cashe ze handitse ze, biba bibonywe kugirango hemezwe umukono w’abawushyizeho. Ibyo rero

Page 2

bigaragaza ko hahamywaga ko umukono wa Bayingana uri kuri iyo nyandiko ko ari umwimerere, ariko uwo mukono wa Notaire utashingirwaho n’uwajuriye nk’ikimenyetso gihamya ko iyo nama yabayeho abanyamigabane bahari bityo icyo kimenyetso kikaba nta gaciro gifite. Ubujurire bwatanzwe nta shingiro bufite; Urubanza rwajuririwe ntiruhindutse. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishrize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 3, 12, 111. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y`URUBANZA [1] ALPHA PALACE Ltd yatanze ikirego isaba urukiko gutesha agaciro irangiza ry’urubanza RCA 00067/2019/TGI/NYGE – RC 00384/2018/TB/KICU kuko ngo hari imitungo yayo bwite yagabanyijwe Bayingana Alexis na Uwanyirigira Phaina mu kurangiza urwo rubanza. [2] Uwanyirigira Phaina na Muvunyi Serge, batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego kuko ngo ALPHA PALACE Ltd yatanze ikirego kandi nta nama y’abanyamigabane yigeze iterana ngo itange uburenganzira bwo gutanga ikirego kuko iyo ibaho haba hagaragara urutonde rw’abitabiriye iyo nama, inyandiko Bayingana Alexis atangaho ikimenyetso ni yo yiyandikiye. [3] Uhagarariye ALPHA PALACE Ltd avuga ko inama y’abanyamigabane yateranye bagatanga uburenganzira bwo gutanga ikirego, kandi ko hari na Notaire hakorwa inyandiko, bamwe mu banyamigabane banga gusinya, ariko kuko Bayingana Alexis

afitemo imigabane myinshi hemezwa ko ALPHA PALACE Ltd itanga ikirego, ngo abari mu nama banahawe amafaranga asimbura umubyizi (jeton de presence). [4] Bayingana Alexis avuga ko abanyamigabane ba ALPHA PALACE Ltd bakoze inama hemezwa ko ALPHA PALACE Ltd itanga ikirego, hakaba harakozwe inyandiko ndetse na Notaire ahari, bityo inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego nta shingiro ifite. [5] Mu urukiko RC 00914/2022/TGI/NYGE rwajuririwe, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko inzitizi ifite ishingiro, bityo ko ikirego cya ALPHA PALACE kitagombwa kwakirwa.

Page 3

[6] Ikigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba inzitizi yatanzwe yo kutakira ikirego kuko nta inama rusange y’abanyamigabane ba ALPHA PALACE Ltd yarateranye ngo itange uburenganzira bwo gutanga ikirego itari ifite ishingiro. II.ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA  Kumenya niba inzitizi yatanzwe yo kutakira ikirego kuko nta inama rusange y’abanyamigabane ba ALPHA PALACE Ltd yarateranye ngo itange uburenganzira bwo gutanga ikirego itari ifite ishingiro. [7] Me Murutasibe Joseph uhagarariye Alpha Palace avuga ko mu bimenyetso batanze bagaragaza ibivuguruza ibivugwa mu itegeko ry’amasociete: hari kandi ubutumire bwashyikirijwe abanyamigabane bose uko babagaragaje mu mwanzuro kandi hari PV y’iyo nama ndetse hari n’aho abo banyamigabane bashyikirijwe amafaranga y’insimburamubyizi, ariko ibyo byose urukiko rwisumbuye rwarabyirengagije. [8] Me Murekatete Henriette uhagarariye Bayingana Alexis avuga ko ku ruhande rwa Bayingana nawe ntabwo atandukana n’ibivuzwe na ALPHA PALACE; urukiko rwavuze ko ikirego kitakwakirwa ngo kuko inama itatumijwe uko amategeko abiteganya, kandi ubutumire burahari kandi baritabiriye ariko banga gusinya ku nyandiko mvugo y’inama hasinyaho umunyamigabane umwe witwa Bayingana Alexis, ndetse na Noteri yahise yemeza uwo mukono, n’ibigaragaza ko iyo nyandiko ifite agaciro. Abo baburana bavuga ko Noteri yemezaga copie conforme kandi iyo kashe igaragaza

ko uwo mukono awushyizeho Noteri areba ; ni ukuvuga ko asinya uhibereye ; ibyo bishimangirwa n’amafaranga bahawe yo kwitabira inama ; Urukiko rwisumbuye ntabwo rwabisesenguye neza, ko basaba ko ikirego cyakwakirwa kigasuzumwa mu mizi yacyo. [9] Me Irazirikana Israel uhagarariye Uwanyirigira na Muvunyi avuga ko urukiko rwazareba inyandiko mvugo y’inama yabaye; umucamanza yibazije ko iyo nama yabaye ; none Bayingana na Alpha Palace, baritwaza inyandiko ya Noteri, iyo Noteri aza gufata inyandiko mvugo nibyo byari kwemeza ko inama yabaye, yanagombaga kugaragaza ko abandi banyamigabane banze gusinya. Baravuga ngo hatanzwe amafaranga yo kwitabira inama, kandi iyi Societe igizwe n’umugore, umugabo n’abana babo, kuba rero umugabo yakoherereza amafaranga abana babo nta gitangaza kirimo ; urukiko ruzasuzume inyandiko mvugo y’ iyo nama kuko ntabwo ari ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko iyo nama koko yabayeho. [10] Me Murutasibe Joseph avuga ko ubutumire bwatanzwe n’Umuhesha w’Inkiko, bagaragarizwa aho inama izabera kandi barabisinyiye ku matariki bose basinyira imbere y’Umuhesha w’Inkiko ; ku murongo w’ibyigwa muri ubwo butumire birimo ; ikindi ni MOMO yari amaze guhakana, iyo harebwe amatariki y’inama n’igihe ayo mafaranga yatangiwe, ntakindi uretse ko yari ay’ iyo nama.Kuvuga ko ibyo Umuhesha w’Inkiko yavuze bitemewe n’amategeko, bazabivuga ikirego kimaze kwakirwa kuko ntaho ahuriye n’urubanza. [11] Me Murekatete Henriette avuga ko koko inama yabayeho kuko ishingira ku butumire bwohererejwe abanyamigabane bose, kandi ibimenyetso biragaragara, kandi biteganywa muri

Page 4

statut ya company, inyandiko mvugo y’inama irahari ; ikindi abayitabiriye, abahawe amafaranga yo kwitabira byose bigaragaza ko iyo nama yabaye. Kuba harafashwe umwanzuro w’uko ALPHA PALACE yajya mu rukiko gukurikirana umutungo wayo nibyo hashingiwe kuri iyo nyandiko mvugo y’inama kandi yemejwe na Noteri ; kuvuga ko noteri yari kuvuga ko abanyamigabane banze gusinya; ntabwo ari ububasha bwe ubwo n’ububasha bw’Umuhesha w’Inkiko, ntabwo ari ububasha bwa Noteri; basanga nta cyatesha agaciro iyo nyandiko kuko ibisabwa byose byayibanjirije byakozwe. [12] Me Irazirikana Israel avuga ko urukiko rwazasuzuma niba kuba iyo nyandiko yarashyizweho umukono na Noteri bigaragaza ko iyi nama yabaye; ese uwategura iyi nyandiko ariwe Bayingana akayizana mu biro bya Noteri asaba kwemeza iyo nyandiko byakwitwa ko inama yabaye ; Noteri yakagombye kuba ari aho inama yabereye akaba ayikurikirana. Kuba umuntu yakoherereza amafaraga nk’umuntu ushaka ibyo bimenyetso birashoboka ; abanyamigabane ubwabo bandikiye urukiko rwisumbuye bavuga ko inama itabaye ko ikirego batanze batakizi; basanga nta bimenyetso bifatika bigaragaza ko iyo nama yabaye, ko hakwemezwa kw’iyo nama itabaye, urukiko rugategeka ko Muvunyi na Uwanyirigira bishyurwa igihembo cy’avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. [13] Me Murutasibe Joseph avuga ko uwo ahagarariye ntabwo yatanga indishyi kuko nta bimenyetso babitangira, izo ndishyi yaba azisaba

ubwe, kuko ari umunyamigabane. Ikigaragaza ko inama yabaye ni uko ubutumire babubonye kandi bakitabira inama; kandi ibyemezo bifatwa ku bwiganze busesuye kuk Bayingana afite imigabane myinshi ubwiganze bwarabaye. [14] Me Murekatete Henriette avuga ko ku ndishyi bakagombye kuvuga aho bazishingira, arapfa kuvuga gusa, nta shingiro zahabwa kuko Bayingana nawe arimo kwisobanura mu rubanza yarezwe; we yemeranywa n’ibyo ALPHA PALACE ivuga, ariko araregwa, ntabwo yacibwa indishyi. [15] Me Irazirikana Israel avuga ko umuntu atandukanye na societe; Muvunyi asaba 1,500,000, kuvuga ko Bayingana afite imigabane irenze 50% bitandukanye n’ibiri mu nyandiko bashikirije urukiko. Uko Urukiko rubibona; [16] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishrize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko Ikirego cyakirwa mu rukiko iyo urega afite ububasha inyungu n’ubushobozi byo kurega. [17] Ingingo ya 12 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishrize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko iteganya ko “Urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda”. [18] Alpha Palace yajuririye icyemeje ku nzitizi yo kutakira ikirego yatanzwe n’abo arega aho urukiko rwemeje ko ntakigaragaza ko inama ya sosiyete Alpha Palace yashingiyeho atanga ikirego mu izina rya Alpha Palace ntakigaragaza ko yabayeho. Mu ubujurire bwayo ishingira ku

Page 5

bimenyetso by’uko abanyamigabane bashyikirijwe ubutumire bw’iyo nama kandi ko yabohererereje n’amafaranga kuri Mobile Money yo kwitabira inama kandi ko inyandikomvugo yayo yasinywe na Notaire, kw’ibyo bigaragaza ko iyo nama yabaye. Abaregwa bahakana ko iyo nama ntayabayeho kandi ko babyanditse babigaragariza urukiko kw’ibyo ari ibyo yakoze ishaka kubyita ibimenyetso. [19] Urukiko rusanga kuba hari inyandiko mvugo y’inama yo kuwa 9/12/2022, ikaba yashyizweho umukono na notaire; ibyo ubwabyo ariko bidahamya ko iyo nama yabayeho kuko umukono n’ibirango bya Notaire bidahamya ko yabihagazeho ko inama yabayeho, ahubwo nkuko bibigaragaza muri cashe ze handitse ko “Bibonywe kugirango hemezwe umukono wa Bwana/Madamu Bayingana Alexis” ibyo rero bigaragaza ko hahamywaga ko umukono wa Bayingana Alexis uri kuri iyo nyandiko ko ari umwimerere, ariko uwo mukono wa Notaire utashingirwaho n’uwajuriye nk’ikimenyetso gihamya ko iyo nama yabayeho abanyamigabane bahari, ahubwo banga gusinya; kuko ataricyo ihamya; dore ko iyo nyandikomvugo y’inama itanagaragaza ko yakozwe notaire ahari; bityo rero rusanga icyo kimenyetso cyatanzwe ntashingiro cyahabwa. [20] Kubijyanye ni uko Umuhesha w’Inkiko yatanze inyandiko zitumira abanyamigabane mu nama; ibyo nabyo rusanga bitahamya ko inama yabayeho, kuko kuba baratumiwe, ariko ikimenyetso gihamya ko inama yabayeho bahari ni ukugaragaza ko bari bahari, naho

gutumirwa ubwabyo ntibihamya ko uwatumiwe yitabiriye inama kuko ashobora no gutumirwa ntaze; bityo rero kuba mu nyandikomvugo y’inama haragaragajwe ko Uwanyirigira Phaina na Bayingana Ishimwe Clement.bari bitabiriye inama, ariko bakanga gusinya, ariko bo bakaba baragaragarije urukiko ko iyo nama ntayo bazi ko ntaniyo babayemo, ibyo byagombye gutangirwa ibimenyetso, kuko kuba barabatumiye ubwabyo bitemeza ko bitabiriye inama yafatiwemo umwanzurio Alpha Palace ishingiraho itanga ikirego. [21] Kubijyanye ni uko abanyamigabane bohererejwe amafaranga kuri mobile money yo kwitabira inama; ibyo nabyo rusanga bitashingirwaho ngo hemezwe ko inama yabayeho kuko icyo kimenyetso cya historique ya Mtn ya mobile money, itagaragaza icyo amafaranga yatangiwe; rero hatakwemezwa ko yatazwe kugirango abanyamigabane bitabire inama kuko ntakibigaragaza kuko; nk’abanyamigabane bafitanye isano, umugabo, umugore n’abana; hatabura indi mpamvu yatuma bohererezanya amafaranga; kubihuza rero ni uko ayo mafaranga yarayo kwitabira inama, ntakibigaragaza kuko muri icyo kimenyetso ntabigaragaramo; bityo rero rusanga icyo nacyo kitaba ikimenyetso gihamya ko iyo nama yabayeho. [22] Kubera izo mpamvu zose zasobanuwe haruguru; rusanga mu bujurire bwa Alpha Palace ntabimenyetso yagaragarije urukiko bivuguruza ibyashingiweho mu rwego rwambere hemezwa ko inzitizi yari yatanzwe n’abaregwa ifite ishingiro kuko inama y’abanyamigabane Alpha Palace yashingiyeho irega ntakigaragaza ko yabayeho; bityo rero ubujurire bwayo ntashingiro bwahabwa.  Kumenya niba Uwanyirigira na Muvunyi bahabwa amafaranga y’igihembo cy’avoka

Page 6

[23] Me Irazirikana Israel avuga ko urukiko rugategeka ko Muvunyi na Uwanyirigira bishyurwa igihembo cy’avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. [24] Me Murutasibe Joseph avuga ko uwo ahagarariye ntabwo yatanga indishyi kuko nta bimenyetso babitangira, izo ndishyi yaba azisaba ubwe, kuko ari umunyamigabane. [25] Me Murekatete Henriette avuga ko ku ndishyi bakagombye kuvuga aho bazishingira, arapfa kuvuga gusa, nta shingiro zahabwa kuko Bayingana nawe arimo kwisobanura mu rubanza yarezwe; we yemeranywa n’ibyo ALPHA PALACE ivuga, ariko araregwa, ntabwo yacibwa indishyi. [26] Me Irazirikana Israel avuga ko umuntu atandukanye na societe; Muvunyi asaba 1,500,000. Uko urukiko rubibona: [27] Ingingo yi 111 al 2 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishrize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [28] Kuri Uwanyirigira Faina, rusanga amafaranga asaba atayahabwa kuko ayasaba Alpha Palace kandi nawe ayibereye umunyamigabane; akaba rero yaba ari mu bacibwa ayo mafaranga kandi nawe ari mubayatanga, ibyo rero ntabwo byahabwa ishingiro; bityo ayo mafaranga akaba ari ntayo yahabwa; kandi akaba atanasaba Bayingana ayo mafaranga kuko atariwe wamureze muri uru rubanza kuko

bombi barezwe na Alpha Palace. [29] Kuri Muvunyi Serge; rusanga nubwo ikirego kitakiriwe, ariko amafaranga Muvunyi Serge asaba we agomba kuyahabwa kuko Alpha Palace yamushoye mu manza, ariko ayo asaba 1.500.000Frw, rusanga ari ikirenga ariyo mpamvu agomba guhabwa amafaranga 500.000 y’igihembo cy’avoka, agenwe mu ubushishozi bw’urukiko. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [30] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa ALPHA PALACE budafite ishingiro. [31] Rwemeje ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse. [32] Rutegetse ALPHA PALACE guha Muvunyi Serge amafaranga 500.000Frw y’igihembo cy’avoka. [33] Rwemeje ko amagarama y’urubanza ahwanye n’ibyarukozwemo.