AMAJYAMBERE INDUSTRY CO LTD v. MUNYANEZA N’ UNDI

# AMAJYAMBERE INDUSTRY CO LTD v. MUNYANEZA N’ UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-10-20 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00028/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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AMAJYAMBERE INDUSTRY CO LTD v. MUNYANEZA N’ UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00028/2023/CA (Tugireyezu, P.J.,) 20 Ukwakira 2023] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Cyamunara – Gutesha agaciro cyamunara – Ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara gishyikirizwa Umwanditsi Mukuru mbere yo kuregera inkiko zibifitiye ububasha, kugirango abanze afate icyemezo ku nenge zishobora kuyigaragaramo. Inenge itaragaragarijwe Umwanditsi Mukuru ntiyazanwa bwa mbere mu Rukiko ngo yakirwe isuzumwe. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Cyamunara – Kutubahiriza ibihe by’itangazwa rya cyamunara biteganywa n’itegeko ni imwe mu mpamvu ituma yateshwa agaciro. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Cyamunara – Cyamunara igomba gutangazwa mu bitangazamakuru byose byateganijwe, bigakorwa icyarimwe nta na hamwe havuyemo kandi, mu gihe no mu buryo buteganywa n’amategeko ku buryo biramutse bigaragaye ko hamwe muri ibyo binyamakuru cyangwa henshi, hari aho amategeko atubahirijwe, cyamunara iteshwa agaciro. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Cyamunara – Igitekerezo cyangwa raporo y’umuhanga cyakirwa mu Rukiko iyo yakozwe n’umuhanga ufite ubumenyi n’ubunararibonye byihariye by’uwayikoze birenze ubumenyi busanzwe bw’umucamanza mu kazi ke. Incamake y’ikibazo: COGEBANQUE Plc yakoranye na sosiyete Amajyambere Industry Co. Ltd amasezerano y’inguzanyo, itanga ingwate, ariko ntiyishyura nkuko bikwiye, bituma banki isaba Umwanditsi Mukuru uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate. Cyamunara ku nshuro ya mbere ndetse no ku nshuro ya 2 nta muguzi wabonetse, ariko ku nshuro ya 3 umutungo iragurishwa, maze ikorwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga. Nyuma yaho, sosiyete Amajyambere Industry Co. Ltd yandikiye Umwanditsi Mukuru imusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara ivuga ko itakurikije amategeko agenga itangazwa rya cyamunara, ariko Umwanditsi Mukuru nawe atinda gusubiza bituma itanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, irusaba nanone gutesha agaciro cyamunara ivuga ko itangazo rya cyamunara ryashyizweho impitagihe, inasaba guhabwa indishyi zitandukanye. Uru Rukiko rwemeza ko cyamunara iteshejwe agaciro, ariko ko nta ndishyi yahabwa. Munyaneza Valerien (huissier) ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza maze ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, atanga inzitizi y’uko ikirego cyatanzwe mu rukiko rubanza kitagombaga kwakirwa n'Urukiko rw'Ubucuruzi kuko cyatanzwe impitagihe, anasaba gushyiraho umuhanga ukora igenzura no gutegeka ko cyamunara yakozwe igumanye agaciro kayo. Amajyambere Industries Ltd ivuga ko isanga Urukiko rudakwiye gutegeka ko hashyirwaho umuhanga wo gukoresha uburyo bwa tekiniki, Rwanda Forensic Laboratory (RFL) nayo igaragaza uburyo isanzwe ikoresha mu gusuzuma ibimenyetso muburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga.

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Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeza ko ikirego RCOM 00256/2023/TC kitagombaga kwakirwa kuko Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd yaregeye Urukiko iminsi itanu iteganywa n’amategeko yararenze, bityo ko urubanza rwaciwe n’urukiko rubanza ruteshejwe agaciro. Sosiyete Amajyambere Industry CO. Ltd ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ijurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, maze uru Rukiko rusuzuma ibibazo byo Kumenya niba hashyirwaho undi muhanga wo kumenya igihe itangazo rya nyuma ryatangiwe; niba raporo ya RFL yayishingweho n’urukiko yarabonetse mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko; niba kandi itangazwa rya cyamunara ya 3 ryarakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Umuhesha w’inkiko yiregura avuga ko ibyamara impaka ari igenzura ry’ibimenyetso rikozwe mu buryo bwa technique, bityo ko Urukiko rwamushyiraho, maze rutegeka ko ikinyamakuru IGIHE.COM cyabigiramo uruhare. Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd nayo yiregura ivuga ko nta wundi muhanga ukenewe gushyirwaho kuko Rwanda Forensic L ari ikigo cyemewe n’itegeko kandi gifite ububasha ndetse n’uburyo bwakoreshejwe (methodologie) bukaba bwizewe. Incamake y’ icyemezo: 1. Ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara gishyikirizwa umwanditsi Mukuru mbere yo kuregera inkiko zibifitiye ububasha, kugirango abanze afate icyemezo ku nenge zishobora kuyigaragaramo. Inenge itaragaragarijwe Umwanditsi Mukuru ntiyazanwa bwa mbere mu Rukiko ngo yakirwe isuzumwe. 2. Kutubahiriza ibihe by’itangazwa rya cyamunara biteganywa n’itegeko ni imwe mu mpamvu ituma yateshwa agaciro. 3. Cyamunara igomba gutangazwa mu bitangazamakuru byose byateganijwe, bigakorwa icyarimwe nta na hamwe havuyemo kandi, mu gihe no mu buryo buteganywa n’amategeko ku buryo biramutse bigaragaye ko hamwe muri ibyo binyamakuru cyangwa henshi, hari aho amategeko atubahirijwe, cyamunara iteshwa agaciro. 4. Igitekerezo cyangwa raporo y’umuhanga cyakirwa mu Rukiko iyo yakozwe n’umuhanga ufite ubumenyi n’ubunararibonye byihariye by’uwayikoze birenze ubumenyi busanzwe bw’umucamanza mu kazi ke. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Cyamunara iteshejwe agaciro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 253; Itegeko No 41/2016 ryo ku wa 15/10/2016 rishyiraho Laboratwari y’u Rwanda y’ibimenyetso bishingiye ku bumenyi n’ubuhanga bikoreshwa mu Butabera, rikanagena inshingano, imiterere n’imikorere byayo, ingingo ya 5; Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru N° 002/2021/ORG yo ku wa 29/06/2021 ahindura Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru No 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, ingingo ya 2.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RCOMAA 00064/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu kuwa 03/10/2019, rwa Kayumba Godfrey na SIMACO Ltd, RDB na Safari, igika cya 23. Urubanza RCOMAA 00031/2016/SC-RCOMAA 00036/16/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 29/06/2018, Habimana Vedaste, BK na Asiimwe Frank et al, igika cya 45. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 14/12/2020, Amajyambere Industry Co. Ltd yagiranye amasezerano y’inguzanyo N° 0749/2020 na COGEBANQUE Plc. Amajyambere Co. Ltd ntiyashoboye kubahiriza amasezerano ngo yishyure inguzanyo yahawe ingana na 430.248.292Frw, maze COGEBANQUE Plc isaba Umwanditsi Mukuru uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate irabuhabwa, Munyaneza Valerien washinzwe kugurisha ingwate (Receiver) agurisha muri cyamunara ingwate COGEBANQUE Plc yari yahawe n’Amajyambere Industry Co.Ltd y’umutungo utimukanwa ufite UPI: 1/02/01/01/2521 uherereye mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umurenge wa Bumbogo, Umudugudu wa Kinyaga, kugira ngo hishyurwe umwenda Amajyambere Industry Co.Ltd yafashe muri COGEBANQUE Ltd. Cyamunara ku nshuro ya mbere ndetse no ku nshuro ya 2 nta muguzi wabonetse, umutungo wavuzwe haruguru wagurishijwe muri cyamunara ku nshuro ya 3. [2] Ku wa 12/01/2023 no ku wa 17/01/2023, Amajyambere Industry Co. Ltd yandikiye Umwanditsi Mukuru (Registrar General) imusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yavuzwe haruguru kuko itakurikije amategeko agenga itangazwa rya cyamunara, mu ibaruwa Amajyambere Industry Co.Ltd yandikiye Umwanditsi Mukuru, isobanura ko cyamunara ku nshuro ya kabiri yagomba kurangira ku wa 31/12/2022 maze ku nshuro ya gatatu igatangira ku itariki ya 02/01/2023, ikarangira ku itariki 09/01/2023; ariko ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate akaba yarakoze amakosa akomeye yica amategeko agenga itangaza rya cyamunara kuko cyamunara ku nshuro ya gatatu yayitangaje mu kinyamakuru Igihe.com ku wa 04/01/2023 bivuze ko yatangajwe irimo kuba. [3] Umwanditsi Mukuru (Registrar General) ntiyasubije Amajyambere Industry Co.Ltd mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko, maze ku wa 24/01/2023 Amajyambere Industry Co. Ltd itanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, irusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yabaye ku mutungo wayo ufite UPI: 1/02/01/01/2521, ishingiye ko amategeko agenga itangazwa rya cyamunara atubahirijwe, Amajyambere Industry Co.Ltd mu kirego cyayo isobanura ko itangazo rya cyamunara ku nshuro ya gatatu ryashyizwe ku kinyamakuru Igihe.com ku itariki ya 04/01/2023 saa 10:10:10 kandi cyamunara yaramaze gutangira ku itariki ya 02/01/2023 ku nshuro yayo ya gatatu nk’uko amabwiriza yabiteganyaga, ikavuga ko iri tangazo ryashyizweho impitagihe ariyo mpamvu isaba Urukiko gutesha agaciro cyamunara ndetse rugategeka Munyaneza Valerien kwishyura indishyi zitandukanye. [4] Nyuma yuko Amajyambere Industry Co. Ltd imaze gutanga ikirego mu Rukiko, ku wa 24/01/2023, Umwanditsi Mukuru yasubije ibaruwa yabo bari bamwandikiye, mu ibaruwa ye

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yavuze ko cyamunara idateshejwe agaciro kuko bigaragara ko yakozwe ku wa 02/01/2023 aho kuba ku wa 04/01/2023 nk‘uko urega abivuga, bityo ko cyamunara yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [5] Mu kwiregura, Munyaneza Valerien wari ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate (Receiver), avuga ko nta kosa yakoze ahubwo Amajyambere Industry Co. Ltd ariyo yibeshye ivuga ko cyamunara yatangajwe mu kinyamakuru Igihe.com ku wa 04/01/2023 nyamara yaratangajwe ku wa 02/01/2023 nk’uko bigaragara ku mugereka w’ibaruwa Umwanditsi Mukuru yasubije Amajyambere Industry Co. Ltd. [6] Munyaneza akomeza avuga ko n’iyo kwamamaza biza kuba byarakozwe ku wa 04/01/2023 nk’uko urega abivuga, ntibyaba ari impamvu yo gutesha agaciro cyamunara kuko byari kuba byubahirije ibihe by’iminsi 5 biteganywa mu ngingo ya 31 (igika cya 6) y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru N° 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/5/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate, iteganya ko "Ushinzwe gucunga ingwate atangaza cyamunara yasubitswe nibura iminsi itanu (5) mbere y’umunsi wa cyamunara ibarwa uhereye umunsi itangazo ryatangarijweho kugera ku munsi ubanziriza uwo cyamunara izaberaho". Bityo ngo ikirego cya Amajyambere Industry Co. Ltd kikaba kidakwiye guhabwa ishingiro. Munyaneza Valerien asaba guhabwa n’urega indishyi zitandukanye. [7] COGEBANQUE Plc yireguye ivuga ko ibyo Amajyambere Industry Ltd ivuga ko cyamunara igomba guteshwa agaciro ngo kuko itangazo rya cyamunara ya 3 ryanyujijwe mu Kinyamakuru IGIHE.COM tariki ya 04/01/2023 kandi cyamunara yaratangiye ku wa 02/01/2023, bityo ngo ikaba yaratangajwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko cyamunara ya gatatu (3) yatangajwe mu Kinyamakuru IGIHE.COM tariki ya 02/01/2023 nk’uko n’Umwanditsi Mukuru wa RDB yabigaragarije Amajyambere Industry Co. Ltd mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 31/01/2023. Bityo cyamunara ikaba igomba kugumana agaciro kayo. COGEBANQUE Plc nayo isaba guhabwa na Amajyambere Industry Ltd indishyi zitandukanye. [8] Ku wa 14/04/2023, mu rubanza RCOM 00256/2023/TC, Urukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya igika cya 6 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru N° 002/2021/ORG yo ku wa 29/06/2021 ahindura amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru N° 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, iteganya ko, “Iyo cyamunara ikorwa binyuze mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga itarangiye kubera ko nta bapiganwa babonetse cyangwa igiciro gisumba ibindi cyatanzwe mu cyamunara cyanzwe n’uwahawe ingwate, uwatanze ingwate, cyangwa nyir’umutungo watanzweho ingwate ipiganwa rirakomeza.” Naho igika cya 7, cyivuga ko “Ushinzwe gucunga ingwate atangaza ikomeza ry’ipiganwa mu gihe cy’amasaha makumyabiri n’ane (24) abarwa uhereye 1° ku isaha uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwagaragaje ko nta bapiganwa babonetse; 2° ku isaha igiciro gisumba ibindi cyatanzwe mu cyamunara cyangiweho.” Urukiko rusanga cyamunara yakozwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga ku nshuro ya kabiri yararangiye ku wa 31/12/2022 nta bapiganwa babonetse, bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 6 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rusanga Munyaneza Valerien yari afite inshingano zo gutangaza ikomeza ry’ipiganwa ku nshuro ya 2 mu gihe cy’amasaha makumyabiri n’ane (24) abarwa uhereye icyo gihe; ni ukuvuga ko yagombaga gutanga amatangazo bitarenze nibura ku wa 02/01/2023 nk’uko ingingo yavuzwe haruguru ibiteganya, bityo kuba bigaragara ko amatangazo yatangajwe ku rubuga IGIHE.COM taliki ya 04/01/2023, Urukiko rusanga yatangajwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kuko yatangajwe impitagihe. Rubishingiraho rutegeka ko cyamunara yabaye ku

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mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/01/01/2521 uherereye mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umurenge wa Bumbogo, Umudugudu wa Kinyaga iteshejwe agaciro, ko nta ndishyi zitangwa. [9] Munyaneza Valerien ntiyishimiye iyi mikirize ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, atanga inzitizi y’uko ikirego RCOM 00256/2023/TC kitagombaga kwakirwa n'Urukiko rw'Ubucuruzi kuko cyatanzwe impitagihe hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n'ingingo ya 260 y'itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y'imanza z'imbonezamubano, iz'ubucuruzi, iz'umurimo n'iz'ubutegetsi, ngo kuko cyamunara yabaye ku wa 09/01/2023, ikirego gitangwa ku wa 24/01/2023 hashize iminsi 16, akaba anasaba gushyiraho umuhanga ukora igenzura rya technique no gutegeka ko cyamunara yakozwe igumanye agaciro kayo. Asoza asaba indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [10] COGEBANQUE Plc ivuga ko isanga ibyo uwajuriye avuga bikwiye guhabwa ishingiro, bityo icyemezo kijuririrwa kigateshwa agaciro kuko Urukiko rubanza rwakoze ikosa rugashingira kuri raporo irimo gushidikanya gukabije, ariyo mpamvu hagomba gushyirwaho umuhanga agahabwa mission n’Urukiko kandi na IGIHE.COM ikagira uruhare muri iryo genzura. [11] Amajyambere Industries Ltd ivuga ko isanga Urukiko rudakwiye gutegeka ko hashyirwaho umuhanga wo gukoresha uburyo bwa tekiniki kandi Rwanda Forensic Laboratory (RFL) yaragaragaje uburyo isanzwe ikoresha mu gusuzuma ibimenyetso koranabuhanga ndetse n’urupapuro rwa 6 rwa raporo RFL yemeje ko yageze ku gisubizo ikoresheje uburyo bwa mbere nk’uko buvugwa ku rupapuro rwa 4 rwa raporo ya RFL. Impamvu itiriwe ikoresha ubundi buryo ari uko yabonaga ko uburyo yakoresheje buhagije. Itanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi isaba indishyi zitatanzwe ku rwego rubanza ndetse n’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [12] Ku wa 12/05/2023, mu rubanza RCOMA 00243/2023/HCC, Urukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 83, igika cya 4 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ivuga ku mpamvu zo kutakira ikirego, runashingira ku ngingo ya 260 y’iryo tegeko ndetse no ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RCOMAA 00067/2019/CA rwari hagati ya Urwego Opportunity Bank Ltd, yahindutse Urwego Bank Plc Ltd nk’uwajuriye na Gatera Venuste, Mushonganono Régine, Umwanditsi Mukuru mu Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe iterambere (RDB), Rutagengwa François Régis rwaciwe ku wa 31/01/2020, rwemeza ko ikirego RCOM 00256/2023/TC kitagombaga kwakirwa kuko Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd yaregeye Urukiko iminsi itanu iteganywa n’amategeko yararenze, rutegeka ko urubanza RCOM 00256/2023/TC ruteshejwe agaciro, rutegeka Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd kwishyura Munyaneza Valerien amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1,000,000 Frw) y’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka zikubiyemo ayo ku rwego rubanza n’urw’ubujurire. [13] Amajyambere Industry CO. Ltd ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, ijurira muri uru Rukiko, ubujurire bwayo bwandikwa kuri RCOMAA 00028/2023/CA, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 03/08/2023, Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd yitabye ihagarariwe na Me Mugengangabo Jean Nepomscene, Me Turatsinze Emmanuel na Me Uwizeyimana Jean Baptiste. Valerien Munyaneza yunganiwe na Me Mpirikanyi Gaspard na Me Ruzindana Ignace naho Compagnie Generale de Banque Ltd (COGEBANQUE) ihagarariwe na Me Munyangabe Henri Pierre.

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[14] Kuri uwo munsi, Urukiko rwasuzumye inzitizi y’iburabubasha yari yatanzwe na Valerien Munyaneza, avuga ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd budakwiye kwakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ariko mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi rwaciwe ku wa 14/08/2023 Urukiko rusanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd bukwiye kwakirwa, iburanisha rikomeza ku wa 17/08/2023. [15] Uwo munsi ugeze urubanza rwimuriwe ku wa 18/08/2023 kuko hari ababuranyi batitabye Urukiko ari nabwo rwaburanishijwe Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Mugengangabo Jean Nepomscene na Me Turatsinze Emmanuel, Valerien Munyaneza yunganiwe na Me Ruzindana Ignace na Me Mpirikanyi Gaspard naho COGEBANQUE Ltd yitaba ihagarariwe na Me Kayitare Serge, bajya impaka ku bujurire bwatanzwe na Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd ndetse urubanza rurapfundikirwa ababuranyi bamenyeshwa ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku wa 08/09/2023 ariko rusomwa mbere ku wa 07/09/2023 kuko Umucamanza yari afite ubutumwa bw’akazi mu mahanga. [16] Ku wa 07/09/2023, mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi, uru Rukiko rwemeje ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwibeshye mu kubara ibihe Amajyambere Industry Co. Ltd yagombaga gutangiramo ikirego ku rwego rwa mbere bituma rudasuzuma ubujurire mu mizi nyamara byaragombaga gusuzumwa, bityo rwemeza ko urubanza rugomba gupfundurwa ku wa 18/09/2023 kugira ngo ababuranyi bajye impaka ku birebana no kumenya niba muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ibirebana n’urubanza mu mizi mu gihe ibyo bibazo bitasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi cyangwa se niba nta bubasha uru Rukiko rufite ahubwo ubujurire bukwiye koherezwa mu Rukiko Rukuru akaba ariho bwaburanishwa. [17] Kuri uwo munsi, urukiko rwahamagaye ababuranyi rusanga ababuranyi bose bitabye, Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Mugengangabo Jean Nepomscene na Me Turatsinze Emmanuel, Valerien Munyaneza yunganiwe na Me Ruzindana Ignace na Me Mpirikanyi Gaspard naho COGEBANQUE Ltd yitaba ihagarariwe na Me Kayitare Serge maze bajya impaka ku rukiko rufite ububasha bwo kuburananisha ingingo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutari rwasuzumye. Iburanisha kuri iyo ngingo ryarapfundikiwe, ababuranyi bamenyeshwa ko icyemezo bazakimenyeshwa ku wa 19/09/2023. [18] Ku wa 19/09/2023, urukiko rwemeje ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu mizi ibirebana n’uru rubanza bitari byarasuzumwe ku rwego rubanza, rutegeka ko urubanza ruzaburanishwa mu mizi ku wa 21/09/2023. [19] Uwo munsi ugeze, urukiko rwahamagaye ababuranyi rusanga abandi bitabye naho Valerien Munyaneza atitabye ariko yashyize muri IECMS icyemezo cya muganga kigaragaza ko arwaye, urubanza rwimurirwa ku wa 27/09/2023, ari nabwo hazasuzumwe ingingo z’ubujurire zitari zasuzumwe mu mizi ku rwego rubanza. [20] Kuri uwo munsi, ababuranyi bose baritabye, Valerien Munyaneza yunganiwe na Me Ruzindana Ignace na Me Mpirikanyi Gaspard, COGEBANQUE Ltd yitaba ihagarariwe na Me Munyangabe Henry Pierre naho Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Mugengangabo Jean Nepomscene na Me Turatsinze Emmanuel.

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[21] Valerien Munyaneza n’abamwunganira mu myanzuro no mu miburanire yabo bavuga ko hategekwa gushyirwaho undi muhanga ugaragaza igihe itangazo rya cyamunara rya nyuma (ya 3) ryatangiwe n’Igihe.COM kibigizemo uruhare kuko Umucamanza yashingiye kuri raporo y’abahanga ba RFL babisabwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n`ibyo itegeko ry`ibimenyetso mu manza n`itangwa ryabyo riteganya (reba ingingo ya 77) ko kandi iyo raporo idatanga umwanzuro ahubwo ko abahanga na bo batanze icyifuzo cy’uko hashyirwaho undi muhanga ubifitiye ubumenyi n`ubushobozi agakoresha uburyo bwa technique. Asaba ko Urukiko Rukuru rw`Ubucuruzu guha agaciro iperereza umucamanza w’Urukiko rw`Ubucuruzi yakoze kuko ryo ryagaragaje ukuri. [22] Valerien Munyaneza n’abamwunganira bavuga kandi ko urukiko rwatesheje agaciro cyamunara rushingiye ku kuba ryaratanzwe ku wa 04/01/2023 ariko ko n`iyo itangazo ryari kuba ryaratanzwe ku wa 04/01/2023 bitaba impamvu yo gutesha agaciro cyamunara kuko byari kuba byubahirije ibihe by`iminsi 5 biteganywa mu ngingo ya 31 (igika cya 6) y`Amabwiriza y`Umwanditsi Mukuru No 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/5/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate iteganya ko "Ushinzwe gucunga ingwate atangaza cyamunara yasubitswe nibura iminsi itanu (5) mbere y’umunsi wa cyamunara ibarwa uhereye umunsi itangazo ryatangarijweho kugera ku munsi ubanziriza uwo cyamunara izaberaho". [23] COGEBANQUE Plc isaba urukiko kuzashingira ku iperereza ryakozwe n’urukiko rubanza kandi bigahuzwa n’igenzura rizaba ryakozwe n’umuhanga uzashyirwaho n’uru rukiko, bityo bikaba aribyo bizashingirwaho hemezwa niba koko cyamunara igumana agaciro kayo. [24] Amajyambere Industry CO LTD n’abayihagararaiye mu myanzuro no mu miburanire yabo bavuga ko ibivugwa na Valerien Munyaneza na COGEBANQUE nta shingiro bifite kuko itangazwa rya cyamurana ya 3 ritubahirije ibihe bimaze kuvugwa hejuru. Ko n’ingingo Valerien Munyaneza ashingiraho yakuweho ariko ko n’iyo ingingo ya 31 y’Amabwiriza ya 2020 iba itarakuweho, nabwo itangazwa ryari kuba ritaramaze iminsi itanu mbere ya cyamunara kuko kuva ku wa 04 kugeza ku wa 08 z’ukwezi kwa Mutarama 2023 harimo iminsi itatu y’akazi yonyine (le 04, le 05 na le 06) aho kuba itanu uwajuriye avuga, kubera ko le 07 na le 08 hari muri weekend kandi ntibarwa hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingo za 275-276, CPCCSA. Inatanga ikirego cyuririrye ku kindi ivuga ko urukiko rwanze gusuzuma ibirebana n’itangazwa rya mbere n’irya kabiri rya cyamunara ndetse ibiheraho isaba indishyi n’igihembo cya Avoka. [25] Hakurikijwe ibivugwa na buri mu buranyi, Urukiko rurasanga hakwiye gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira: a.Kumenya niba hashyirwaho undi muhanga wo kumenya igihe itangazo rya nyuma ryatangiwe; b.Kumenya niba raporo ya RFL yayishingweho n’urukiko yarabonetse mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko c.Kumenya niba itangazwa rya cyamunara ya 3 ryarakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko; d.Kumenya niba urukiko rwari rukwiye gsuzuma ibirebana n’itangazwa rya mbere n’irya kabiri rya cyamunara;

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e.Kumenya niba ababuranyi bagenerwa indishyi, amafaranga y’ikurikiranaubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka basaba. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA II.1. Kumenya niba hashyirwaho undi muhanga wo kumenya igihe itangazo rya nyuma (ya gatatu) ryatangiwe A. Imiburanire ya Valerien Munyaneza [26] Valerien Munyaneza n’abamwunganira bavuga ko abahanga ba RFL bakoze igenzura babisabwe na LANDMARK bashoje raporo batanga icyifuzo cyo kuba hashyirwaho umuhanga ubifitiye ubumenyi n`ubushobozi agakoresha uburyo bwa technique n’ikinyamakuru IGIHE.COM kikabigiramo uruhare, asaba ko iyi raporo itakoreshwa nk’ikimenyetso muri urubanza ko ahubwo iyakorwa mu buryo bwa technique ari yo yamara impaka bityo ko Urukiko rwashyiraho umuhanga rukanamutegeka gukoresha uburyo bwa technique rukanategeka ko ikinyamakuru IGIHE.COM cyabigiramo uruhare. [27] Bavuga kandi ko RFL yavuze ko habaho uburyo butatu bukoreshwa mu kubona ukuri, ariko ko RFL yo yakoresheje uburyo bumwe bityo ko iyo bukoreshwa bwose aribwo hari kugaragazwa ukuri ku gihe nyacyo itangazo rya cyamunara ya gatatu (3) yatangarijwe mu kinyamakuru Igihe.com B. Imiburanire ya COGEBANQUE Plc [28] COGEBANQUE Plc ivuga ko cyamunara ya gatatu (3) yatangajwe mu Kinyamakuru Igihe.Com tariki 02/01/2023 nk’uko n’Umwanditsi Mukuru wa RDB yabigaragarije Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 31/01/2023, ko icyemezo kijuririrwa gikwiye guteshwa agaciro kuko Urukiko rubanza rwakoze ikosa rushingira kuri raporo irimo gushidikanya gukabije, bityo hagomba gushyirwaho umuhanga agahabwa mission n’Urukiko kandi na Igihe.com ikagira uruhare muri iryo genzura. C. Imiburanire y’Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd [29] Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd n’abayihagarariye bavuga ko nta wundi muhanga ukenewe gushyirwaho kuko RFL ari ikigo cyemewe n’itegeko kandi gifite ububasha ndetse n’uburyo bwakoreshejwe (methodologie) bukaba bwizewe kuko abahanga bakoze raporo bagaragaza uburyo bwakoreshejwe kugira ngo bagere ku bigaragaza ko itangazo rya cyamunara ya gatatu (3) yatangajwe ku wa 04/01/2023 nk’uko bigaragara ku rupapuro rwa cumi (10) rwa raporo yatanzwe na RFL. [30] Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd n’abayihagarariye bakomeza basobanura kandi ko mu gihe baburanaga mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi beretse urukiko ko n’itangazo rikiri ku kinyamakuru Igihe.com rigaragaza ko ryatangajwe ku wa 04/01/2023, urukiko narwo rurabyibonera, ko rero nyuma y’iryo buranisha aribwo Valerien Munyaneza yagiye ku Igihe.com bahindura itariki bayishyira ku wa 02/01/2023. [31] Basobanura kandi ko ibivugwa na Valerien Munyaneza na COGEBANQUE Plc n’ababuranira ko RFL nta mwanzuro yatanze bidakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kuko RFL yagaragaje

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ko itangazo ryashyizwe muri system ku wa 04/01/2023 kugeza ku wa 15/01/2023 ko nyuma ariho ryahinduwe, ko rero iyo raporo yatanze umwanzuro usobanutse ku buryo urukiko ruramutse rugize ibindi rwashaka kumenya rwatumiza abahanga ba RFL bakarusobanurira aho gushyiraho undi muhanga. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [32] Hakurikijwe imiburanire ya buri ruhande, Urukiko rurasanga impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba hakenewe umuhanga wo gutanga ibindi bisobanuro kuko ababuranyi batemeranya ku byavuzwe muri raporo yakozwe na RFL yari yasabwe na LANDMARK. [33] Ikibazo cyo kumenya igihe urukiko rushyiraho umuhanga, rugendera ku bitekerezo bye cyangwa raporo yakozwe n’umuhanga umwe cyangwa benshi, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00001/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 19/11/2021 haburana Kanywabahizi Charles na Microfinance Inkingi Ltd, aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwagaragaje ko ibikorwa n’abahanga biba bigamije kurufasha gusobanukirwa n’ibibazo biri mu rubanza bisaba ubumenyi cyangwa inararibonye byihariye abacamanza badafite. Icyakora, ko Urukiko mu bushishozi bwarwo arirwo rwemeza niba ari ngombwa gushingira icyemezo cyarwo ku bitekerezo cyangwa raporo z’abahanga, ko iyo Urukiko ubwarwo rushobora kugera ku mwanzuro ukenewe rutiyambaje umuhanga, icyo gihe bitaba bikiri ngombwa kumwiyambaza cyangwa gushingira ku bitekerezo bye cyangwa raporo ye. [34] Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mu gika cya 50 rwagaragaje ko itangazo rya cyamunara ryatanzwe ku wa 04/01/2023 aho kuba ku wa 02/01/2023 rushingiye ku kuba: a.Kuba screenshots z’itangazo ryo ku wa 02/01/2023 raporo ya RFL yemeza ko zitandukanye na page ziri kurubuga Igihe (www.igihe.com); b.Kuba Urukiko mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 09/02/2023 ubwarwo rwariboneye ku rubuga www.igihe.com itangazo ryo ku wa 04/01/2023 ubwo Me Ndayisenga Jean Claude uburanira Amajyambere Industry Co.Ltd yarubyerekaga mu iburanisha mu ruhame. [35] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga impamvu ababuranyi basaba ko hajyaho umuhanga ari uko raporo ya RFL itagaragaje umwanzuro ku gihe itangazo rya gatatu (3) ryatangarijwe (published) mu kinyamakuru Igihe.com ndetse ko raporo yavuze ko habaye guhindagurika ku birebana n’amatariki aho byahoze bigaragara ko ryatangajwe ku wa 04/012023 nyuma Igihe.Com kiza kuyihindura iza kuba ku wa 02/01/2023. Rurasanga ariko izo mpamvu zitashingirwaho hashyirwaho undi muhanga mu gihe Urukiko ubwarwo mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 09/02/2023 rwiboneye ku rubuga www.igihe.com ko itangazo rya cyamunara ya gatatu (3) ryatangajwe ku wa 04/01/2023. [36] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuba Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwarahamije ko rwiboneye ku rubuga www.igihe.com itangazo rya cyamunara ya gatatu (3) ryatangajwe ku wa 04/01/2023 ari ikimenyetso kidashidikanywaho kandi cyihagije cyemeza koko ko iryo tangazo ryatangajwe ku rubuga rw’ikinyamakuru Igihe.com ku wa 04/01/2023 bityo bikaba byumvikana ko nta mpamvu yatuma rutegeka ko hashyirwaho undi muhanga kuko rushingiye ku byo urwo Rukiko rwiboneye byafasha uru Rukiko ubwarwo kugera ku mwanzuro ukenewe rutiyambaje umuhanga. Bityo akaba ntaho rwahera rutegeka ko hashyirwaho umuhanga kuko igitekerezo cy’umuhanga

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cyakirwa mu gihe giha urukiko amakuru y’ubuhanga arenze ubuhanga n’uburanararibonye by’umucamanza, kandi ntacyo byaba bimaze kwitabaza umuhanga mu gihe abacamanza ubwabo baba bashoboye gufata umwanzuro hashingiwe ku bikorwa byabaye. II.2. Kumenya niba raporo ya RFL yashingiweho n’urukiko yarabonetse mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko A. Imiburanire ya Valerien Munyaneza [37] Valerien Munyaneza n’abamwunganira bavuga ko Umucamanza yashingiye kuri raporo y’abahanga ba RFL babisabwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ibyo itegeko ry’ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo riteganya (reba ingingo ya 77), ko ubundi raporo y’abahanga ari ikimenyetso cy’umwihariko cyemerwa iyo cyasabwe n’urukiko kuko umuburanyi atari we umenya ko hakenewe umuhanga, ko rero mu gihe bitasabwe n’Urukiko bitahabwa agaciro kuko arirwo rureba niba hakenewe umuhanga cyangwa adakenewe. B. Imiburanire ya COGEBANQUE Plc [38] COGEBANQUE Plc n’uyihagarariye bavuga ko raporo ya RFL itafatwa nka raporo y’umuhanga kuko atashyizweho n’Urukiko ahubwo ko yafatwa nk’ibindi bimenyetso bisanzwe ikagereranywa n’ibindi bimenyetso biri muri dosiye birimo na raporo y’iperereza ryikorewe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi. C. Imiburanire y’Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd [39] Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd n’abayihagarariye bavuga ko batanze ikimenyetso cya Raporo ya RFL kuko byemewe n’amategeko mu manza mbonezamubano, ko buri muburanyi atanga bimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Bakomeza bavuga ko itegeko rishyiraho RFL ryemerera buri wese kuba yayiyambaza igihe abikeneye, ko rero nta cyari kubuza urukiko gushingira kuri iyo raporo kuko yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [40] Ingingo ya 5 al ya 2,4 niya 5 y’Itegeko No 41/2016 ryo ku wa 15/10/2016 rishyiraho Laboratwari y’u Rwanda y’ibimenyetso bishingiye ku bumenyi n’ubuhanga bikoreshwa mu Butabera, rikanagena inshingano, imiterere n’imikorere byayo, iteganya ko “Rwanda Forensic Laboratory (RFL) ifite inshingano rusange yo guha abayigana serivisi zo gusuzuma no gupima ibimenyetso mu buryo bwa gihanga byakenerwa mu butabera n’izisabwa n’abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa izindi nzego n’imiryango baba abo mu gihugu cyangwa abo mu mahanga. Ifite kandi inshingano yo kwihaza mu ngengo y’imari no gusagurira isanduku ya Leta”. By’umwihariko RFL, ibisabwe n’uwo ariwe wese ubikeneye, ifite inshingano yo gusesengura mu buryo bwa gihanga ibimenyetso byakenerwa mu butabera, gusuzuma ibimenyetso byerekeranye n’ikoranabuhanga byakenerwa mu butabera no guha uwabisabye icyemezo kigaragaza ibisubizo by’isuzumwa ryakozwe. [41] Ingingo imaze kuvugwa haruguru, yumvikanisha ko buri muntu wese ubikeneye ashobora gusaba Rwanda Forensic Laboratory (RFL) ibimenyetso byerekeranye n’ikoranabuhanga byakenerwa mu butabera kandi akaba yabyifashisha mu butabera.

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[42] Urikiko rw’Ubujrire rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo z’amategeko zimaze kuvugwa haruguru, rusanga kuba Valerien Munyaneza n’abamwunganira bavuga ko Raporo urega yahawe na Rwanda Forensic Laboratory (RFL) yabonetse mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, kuko yasabwe n’umuburanyi aho gusabwa n’Urukiko, nta shingiro bifite kuko atari ngombwa buri gihe ko raporo y’abahanga ku bumenyi runaka isabwa n’Urukiko, ko ahubwo buri wese ashobora gusaba RFL gusesengura mu buryo bwa gihanga ibimenyetso byakenerwa mu butabera no gusuzuma ibimenyetso byerekeranye n’ikoranabuhanga byakenerwa mu butabera kandi agahabwa raporo yabyo nk’uko ingingo ya 5 al ya 2,4 n’iya 5 y’Itegeko No 41/2016 ryo ku wa 15/10/2016 rishyiraho Laboratwari y’u Rwanda y’ibimenyetso bishingiye ku bumenyi n’ubuhanga bikoreshwa mu Butabera yavuzwe haruguru ibiteganya. Bityo kuba raporo ya RFL Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd yarasabye RFL ko hasuzumwa ibimenyetso byerekeranye n’ikoranabuhanga ikanahabwa raporo yabyo byakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, bityo nta mpamvu n’imwe yatuma Urukiko rutayakira nk’ikimenyetso urega aburanisha muri uru rubanza, maze ngo rusuzume ibiyikubiyemo runayihuza n’ibindi bimenyetso bikubiye muri dosiye abe arirwo ruyiha agaciro ikwiye. [43] Ku bijyanye n’ibyo Valerien Munyaneza n’abamwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko arirwo rwonyine rutegeka Umuhanga cyangwa Abahanga gusuzuma no gutanga ibitekerezo ku bintu bifitanye isano n’urwo rubanza kandi bijyanye n’umwuga wabo, bagashingira ku ngingo ya 771, iya 782 n’iya 793 y’itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. Urukiko rusanga nta shingiro bifite kuko nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru buri muntu wese ashobora gusaba Rwanda Forensic Laboratory (RFL) ibimenyetso byerekeranye n’ikoranabuhanga byakenerwa mu butabera kandi akaba yabyifashisha mu butabera. Urukiko rusanga kandi kuba itegeko ry’ibimenyetso rivuga ko kugira ngo Urukiko ruce urubanza rwaregewe rushobora, gutegeka umuhanga cyangwa abahanga gusuzuma no gutanga ibitekerezo ku bintu bifitanye isano n’urwo rubanza kandi bijyanye n’umwuga wabo bitabuza umuburanyi ku giti cye kuba yakoresha mu rubanza ikimenyetso yahawe n’umuhanga, mu gihe icyo kimenyetso agaragaza ko yakibonye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, hakaba ndetse nta n’icyabuza urukiko gushingira kuri icyo kimenyetso mu gihe ababuranyi bahawe umwanya wo kukijyaho impaka. [44] Ku birebana n’ibivugwa na COGEBANQUE Plc n’uyihagarariye ko raporo ya RFL yatanzwe n’Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd itafatwa nka raporo y’umuhanga kuko atashyizweho n’Urukiko ahubwo ko yafatwa nk’ibindi bimenyetso bisanzwe ikagereranywa n’ibindi bimenyetso biri muri dosiye birimo na raporo y’iperereza ryikorewe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, Uru Rukiko rurasanga nta shingiro byahabwa kuko ikigira raporo iyakozwe n’umuhanga ntibishingira ku kuba yategetswe n’Urukiko ubwarwo, ahubwo igituma hemezwa ko raporo yakozwe n’umuhanga ari uko iba yakozwe n’umuhanga ufite ubumenyi n’ubunararibonye byihariye by’uwayikoze birenze ubumenyi busanzwe bw’umucamanza mu kazi ke.

1 Iteganya ko “Kugira ngo Urukiko ruce urubanza rwaregewe rushobora, gutegeka umuhanga cyangwa abahanga gusuzuma no gutanga ibitekerezo ku bintu bifitanye isano n’urwo rubanza kandi bijyanye n’umwuga wabo”. 2 Iteganya ko “Icyemezo cy’ Urukiko gitegeka igenzura ry’abahanga kivuga amazina y’abo bahanga, umurimo bashinzwe gukora kandi kigatanga igihe bazahera urukiko raporo yabo”. 3 Iteganya ko “Icyemezo cy’urukiko rwemeje ko habaho igenzura ry’abahanga rushyiraho umuhanga umwe cyangwa batatu bagomba gukora iryo genzura. Ariko iyo ababuranyi bumvikanye ku muhanga washyirwaho, urukiko rurabibemerera. Umuhanga wese washyizweho n’urukiko ashobora, mbere y’uko abimenyeshwa, gusimbuzwa undi wumvikanyweho n’ababuranyi bakabishyiraho umukono cyangwa igikumwe kandi bigashyirwa mu idosiye”.

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[45] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, rurasanga raporo ya RFL yarabonetse mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, akaba rero nta mpamvu yari gutuma urukiko rutayishingiraho. II.3. Kumenya niba itangazwa rya cyamunara ya gatatu (3) ryarakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko A. Imiburanire ya Valerien Munyaneza [46] Mu myanzuro Valerien Munyaneza n’abamwunganira bakoze bajurira bavugaga kandi ko urukiko rwatesheje agaciro cyamunara rushingiye ku kuba ryaratanzwe ku wa 04/01/2023 ariko ko n`iyo itangazo ryari kuba ryaratanzwe ku wa 04/01/2023 bitaba impamvu yo gutesha agaciro cyamunara kuko byari kuba byubahirije ibihe by`iminsi 5 biteganywa mu ngingo ya 31 (igika cya 6) y`Amabwiriza y`Umwanditsi Mukuru No 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/5/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate iteganya ko "Ushinzwe gucunga ingwate atangaza cyamunara yasubitswe nibura iminsi itanu (5) mbere y’umunsi wa cyamunara ibarwa uhereye umunsi itangazo ryatangarijweho kugera ku munsi ubanziriza uwo cyamunara izaberaho". Mu gihe cy’iburanisha ku wa 27/09/2013, babwiye Urukiko ko iyi miburanire bayiretse kuko cyamunara ibaye yaratangajwe (published) ku wa 04/01/2023 igihe cyo kuyitangaza cyaba cyararenze. [47] Valerien Munyaneza n’abamwunganira bavuga ko ahubwo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 igika cya 7 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru No 0022/2021/ORG yo ku wa 21/06/2021 ahindura y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru No 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/5/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara no kwegukana ingwate itangazo rya cyamunara rya gatatu ryakurikije amategeko kuko yaritanze ku wa 02/01/2023 kandi cyamunara yaragombaga kurangira ku wa 09/01/2023 bivuze ko yubahirije iminsi 7. [48] Valerien Munyaneza n’abamwunganira bakomeza bavuga ko cyamunara itangazwa nibura mu binyamakuru bitatu, ko cyamunara yatangajwe mu binyamakuru bitatu koko ari byo Isango STAR, kuri Website ya cyamunara no ku Igihe.com, ko mu bindi binyamakuru byose, nta kibazo gihari uretse mu kinyamakuru cya Igihe.com kandi ko naho igihe cyo gutangaza iyo cyamunara ya gatatu cyubahirijwe. Valerien Munyaneza n’abamwunganira basobanura kandi ko n’iyo ikosa ryaba ryarabaye mu gutangaza iryo tangazo rya cyamunara mu kinyamakuru Igihe.com bitaba impamvu yo gutesha agaciro iyo cyamuna kuko atari ikosa ry’ugurisha ingwate kuko we yari yatanze iryo tangazo ku wa 02/01/2023 kandi ku rubuga rutangazwaho cyamunara iryo tangazo ryari ririho. B. Imiburanire ya COGEBANQUE Plc [49] COGEBANQUE Plc n’uyihagarariye bavuga ko cyamunara yabaye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kuko hakurikijwe ingengabihe kuko ubundi system yo guterezamo cyamunara yifunga ikanifungura. Asaba urukiko kuzifashisha urubanza RCOMAA 00024/2022/CA- CMB RCOMAA 00026/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/07/2022 haburana Kambanda Elie na Habimana Vedaste na Furaha Eugène.

C. Imiburanire y’Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd

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[50] Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd n’abayihagarariye bavuga ko ibivugwa na Valerien Munyaneza na COGEBANQUE nta shingiro bifite kuko itangazwa rya cyamurana ya 3 ritubahirije ibihe. [51] Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd basobanura ko bitewe n’uko na none cyamunara itakunze ku nshuro (Round 2), byatumye ikomeza kuri Round ya 3 yabaye kuva ku wa 02/01/2023 kugeza ku wa 09/01/2023, ko ukurikije ibisabwa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru nº 002/2021/ORG yo ku wa 29/06/2021 ahindura Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru nº 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate, itangazwa rya Round 3 ya cyamunara ryagombaga gukorwa bitarenze amasaha 24 uhereye igihe Round 2 yarangiriye (31/12/2022 saa 13:59:59), ni ukuvuga bitarenze ku wa 01/01/2023 saa 13:59:59 ariko na byo si ko byagenze nk’uko bigaragazwa mu buryo bukurikira: a.Iryatanzwe ku Isango Star ryakiriweyo ku wa 02/01/2023 (reba kopi y’itangazo kuri page 3 ya attachment nomero 038 mu rubanza RCOMAA 00028/2023/CA) b.Iryatanzwe ku Kagari ryo ryakiriweyo ku wa 04/01/2023 n’ubwo nta nyandikomvugo y’imanikwa (Proces-Verbal d’affichage) Receiver agaragaza ngo hamenyekane itariki ryamanikiwe (reba kopi y’itangazo kuri page 3 y’attachment nomero 037 mu rubanza RCOMAA 00028/2023/CA) c.Naho iryatangajwe ku www.igihe.com ryo ryatangajwe ku wa 04/01/2023 saa 10:10:10 nk’uko bigaragazwa na Raporo ya Rwanda Forensic Laboratory (isigaye yitwa Rwanda Forensic Institute) yo ku wa 15/03/2023 ku rupapuro rwayo rwa 10 (reba raporo kuri attachment nomero 039 mu rubanza RCOMAA 00028/2023/CA. [52] Basobanura ko rero kuba ibihe byo gutangaza cyamunara bitarubahirijwe ari impamvu igomba gutuma cyamunara yabaye igomba guteshwa agaciro nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RCAA 00006/2020/CA rwa Ndahimana Emmanuel n’undi Vs Musoni rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/10/2020 hasubirishwamo urubanza RCAA 00007/2020/HC/KIG ku mpamvu z’akarengane aho muri uru rubanza, igika cyarwo cya 56, Urukiko rwagize ruti: “Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu gihe umushingamategeko yabonye ko, ku birebana n’umutungo utimukanwa, ku buryo bw’umwihariko, ari ngombwa ko itangazo rya cyamunara rimanikwa ku Biro by’Akagali k’aho uwo mutungo uherereye, kandi ko ibintu byafatiriwe bidashobora kugurishwa muri cyamunara mbere y’iminsi itanu (5) cyamunara itangajwe, ni na ngombwa ko byubahirizwa, bityo kuko ari indemyagihugu, kutabyubahiriza bikaba ari impamvu yatuma igikorwa cyakozwe cyangwa icyemezo cyafashwe giteshwa agaciro”. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [53] Urukiko rurasanga nta mpaka zigihari ku birebana no kuba itangazwa ryaba ari impitagihe mu gihe byaba bigaragaye ko ryakozwe ku wa 04/01/2023. Ahubwo impaka zikaba zisigaye gusa ku birebana no kumenya niba: -Itangazwa rya cyamunara ku nshuro ya gatatu ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/01/01/2521 ryaratangajwe mu kinyamakuru igihe.com ku wa 02/01/2023 cyangwa niba ryaratangajwe ku wa 04/01/2023 no kumenya niba mu gihe mu binyamakuru byose itegeko riteganya ko hanyuzwamo itangazo, haramutse habaye mo kimwe gusa ibihe bitubahirijwe, byaba

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impamvu ituma hemezwako ibyakozwe byose binyuranije n’amategeko, n’ingaruka byagira; -Mu gihe kudatanga itangazo mu kinyamakuru runaka ku wa 02/01/2023 atari ikosa ry’ugurisha ingwate, uyu yatanze iryo tangazo mu buyobozi bw’ikinyamakuru IGIHE.COM ku wa 02/01/2023 ariko ntirihite rishyirwa ku rubuga ahubwo rigashyirwaho ku wa 04/01/2023, ni iyihe tariki yafatwako ko ryatangiwe. Ku birebana no kumenya niba itangazwa rya cyamunara ku nshuro ya gatatu ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/01/01/2521 ryaratangajwe mu kinyamakuru igihe.com ku wa 02/01/2023 cyangwa niba ryaratangajwe ku wa 04/01/2023 no kumenya niba mu gihe mu binyamakuru byose itegeko riteganya ko hanyuzwamo itangazo, haramutse habaye mo kimwe gusa ibihe bitubahirijwe, byaba impamvu ituma hemezwa ko ibyakozwe byose binyuranije n’amategeko, n’ingaruka byagira [54] Ingingo ya 253, igika cya 1, icya 2 n’icya 3 y‘itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi igaragaza uburyo itangazwa rya cyamunara rikorwa iteganya ko itangazo rya cyamunara rishyirwa ku rubuga rw’imanza zirangizwa, hariho ifoto y’umutungo ugurishwa n’icyemezo gihamya ko nyir’umutungo. Rigomba kandi gushyikirizwa nyir'umutungo ugurishwa, ugomba kwishyurwa, Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari k'aho umutungo uherereye, rikanatangazwa kuri Radio cyangwa Televiziyo n’ikinyamakuru cyandika bikorera mu Rwanda kandi ko iyo ari umutungo utimukanwa itangazo rya cyamunara rimanikwa ku Biro by’Akagali k’aho uwo mutungo uherereye [55] Aho ingingo ya 2 igika cya 6 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru N° 002/2021/ORG yo ku wa 29/06/2021 ahindura Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru No 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, iteganya ko, “Iyo cyamunara ikorwa binyuze mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga itarangiye kubera ko nta bapiganwa babonetse cyangwa igiciro gisumba ibindi cyatanzwe mu cyamunara cyanzwe n’uwahawe ingwate, uwatanze ingwate, cyangwa nyir’umutungo watanzweho ingwate ipiganwa rirakomeza.” Naho igika cya 7, cyivuga ko “Ushinzwe gucunga ingwate atangaza ikomeza ry’ipiganwa mu gihe cy’amasaha makumyabiri n’ane (24) abarwa uhereye 1° ku isaha uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwagaragaje ko nta bapiganwa babonetse; 2° ku isaha igiciro gisumba ibindi cyatanzwe mu cyamunara cyangiweho.” [56] Izi ngingo zisomewe hamwe zumvikanisha by’umwihariko ko itangazwa rya cyamunara rikorerwa ahantu ha ngombwa hatatu (3) mu gihe ari umutungo wimukanwa hakaba hane (4) mu gihe ari umutungo utimukanwa, ariho: a.Ku rubuga rutangarizwaho cyamunara, b.Kuri Radiyo cyangwa Televiziyo ikorera mu Rwanda; c.Mu kinyamakuru cyandika gikorera mu Rwanda; d.Kumanikwa aho umutungo utezwa cyamunara uherereye mu gihe ari umutungo utimukanwa.

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[57] Uretse ibyo kandi zumvikanisha ko mu gihe cyamunara yasubitswe kuko habuze umuguzi cyangwa igiciro cyanzwe, uteza cyamunara afite inshingano zo kongera kuyitangaza mu masaha makumyabiri n’ane (24), abarwa uhereye igihe yasubikiwe. [58] Urukiko rurasanga ibijyanye n’ibihe byo gutangaza cyamunara, byarashyizwe mu Mabwiriza kugira ngo byubahirizwe guhera umunsi Amabwiriza agenga cyamunara yatangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda4. Ibi bishimangirwa n’icyemezo cy’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RCOMAA 00064/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 03/10/2019, aho rwemeje ko gutangaza cyamunara atari umuhango gusa, ahubwo ari uburyo bwo kumenyesha nyir'umutungo, abandi bantu baba bafite inyungu mu kuwurengera, abo ny’irumutungo yaba abereyemo imyenda, abaguzi cyangwa uwo ariwe wese ufite icyo yabaza kuri uwo mutungo, ko washyizwe ku isoko kugira ngo habanze hishyurwe umwenda runaka,5 bityo mu gihe ibihe byateganyijwe byo gutangaza cyamunara bitubahirijwe, abo bose bakaba baba bambuwe uburenganzira bwabo. [59] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasanze kandi mu gihe cyamunara yakozwe mu buryo bunyuranye n’amategeko, ikwiye guteshwa agaciro nk’uko na none byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RCOMAA 00031/2016/SC-RCOMAA 00036/16/CS rwaciwe ku wa 29/06/2018, aho rwashimangiye ko muri rusange amabwirizwa yashyiriweho kugira ngo uburenganzira bwa buri ruhande cyamunara ireba bwubahirizwe kandi ibintu bikorwe kuri gahunda, ko uwo amategeko agamije kurengera asaba ko ibyakozwe mu buryo butubahirije amategeko kandi bimubangamiye byateshwa agaciro6. Bityo rutesha agaciro cyamunara yaburanwaga kuko yakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [60] Uru Rukiko rurasanga kandi uretse no kuba ari ngombwa kureba ko ibihe by’itangazwa rya cyamunara ryubahirijwe nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo wavuzwe haruguru, hakurikijwe ibyasobanuwe haruguru, rusanga ari na ngombwa kureba niba harubahirijwe ibirebana n’itangazwa mu binyamakuru byose itegeko riteganya. Ibyo byumvikanisha ko mu gihe itangazwa rya cyamunara ritakozwe mu kinyamakuru kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu byateganyijwe n’itegeko cyangwa rikaba ryarakozwe ariko rigakorwa nabi cyangwa rigakorwa impitagihe, ari impamvu yo gutesha agaciro cyamunara kuko riba ritatangajwe nk’uko amategeko abiteganya. [61] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru igihe nyacyo itangazwa rya cyamunara ku nshuro ya gatatu ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/01/01/2521 ryatangarijwe mu kinyamakuru Igihe.com ni ku wa 04/01/2023, nk’uko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwabyiboneye mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 09/02/2023 ubwo Me Ndayisenga Jean Claude waburaniraga Amajyambere Industry Co.Ltd yarubyerekaga mu iburanisha mu ruhame rugasanga koko ku rubuga www.igihe.com hariho itangazo ryo ku wa 04/01/2023. Urukiko rurasanga rero kuba bigaragara ko cyamunara ya gatatu (3) yatangajwe ku wa 04/02/2023 ndetse na Valerien Munyaneza n’abamwunganira nabo bakaba biyemerera ko cyamunara ibaye

4 Reba ingingo ya 12 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi mukuru Nº 002/2021/0rg yo ku wa 29/06/2021 ahinduraamabwiriza y’umwanditsi mukuru nº 001/2020/org yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate. (Official Gazette nº Special of 02/07/2021). 5 rubanza RCOMAA 00064/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu kuwa 03/10/2019, haburana Kayumba Godfrey na SIMACO Ltd, RDB na Safari, igika cya 23. 6 Urubanza RCOMAA 00031/2016/SC-RCOMAA 00036/16/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 29/06/2018, haburana Me Habimana Vedaste, BK na Asiimwe Frank et al, igika cya 45.

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yaratangajwe ku wa 04/01/2023 yaba yararengeje igihe byemeza nta shiti ko cyamunara yatangajwe mu kinyamakuru igihe.com igihe giteganywa n’amategeko cy’amasaha makumyabiri n’ane yo gusubukura cyamunara cyari yasubitswe cyararenze. Kuba rero itangazwa ryarakozwe impitagihe kuko igihe cyateganyijwe n’amategeko cyararenze ni impamvu igaragaza ko cyamunara yakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ari nabyo bigomba gutuma iyo cyamunara yatangajwe impitagihe iteshwa agaciro kugira ngo uburenganzira bwa buri ruhande cyamunara ireba bwubahirizwe kandi ibintu bikorwe kuri gahunda. [62] Ku birebana n’ibivugwa na Valerien Munyaneza n’abamwunganira ko kuba cyamunara yaratangajwe ku rubuga rutangarizwaho cyamunara, ku Isango STAR ku wa 02/01/2023, ko kuba mu kinyamakuru Igihe.com kitarubahirijwe bitaba impamvu yo gutesha cyamunara agaciro, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro byahabwa kuko nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 253, igika cya 1, icya 2 n’icya 3 y‘itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi yavuzwe haruguru, Umushingamategeko yateganyije ko cyamunara itangazwa ku rubuga rutangarizwaho cyamunara, kuri Radiyo cyangwa Televiziyo no mu Kinyamakuru cyandika bikorera mu Rwanda ndetse yaba ari umutungo utimukanwa rikanamanikwa aho uwo mutungo uri, byumvikana ko yavuze ko cyamunara igomba gutangazwa aho hose icyarimwe nta na hamwe havuyemo kandi bigakorwa mu gihe no mu buryo buteganywa n’amategeko ku buryo biramutse bigaragaye ko hamwe muri ibyo binyamakuru cyangwa henshi, hari aho amategeko atubahirijwe biba impamvu yo gutuma cyamunara iteshwa agaciro. Kuba rero itangazwa ryakozwe mu kinyamakuru Igihe.com ritarubahije ibiteganywa n’amategeko, ni impamvu ituma hemezwa ko iyi cyamunara yabaye inyuranije n’amatgeko, bityo ikaba igomba guteshwa agaciro.

Ku birebana no kumenya uko byagenda mu gihe kudatanga itangazo mu kinyamakuri runaka ku wa 02/01/2023 atari ikosa ry’ugurisha ingwate, uyu yatanze iryo tangazo mu buyobozi bw’ikinyamakuru Igihe.com ku wa 02/01/2023 ariko ntirihite rishyirwa ku rubuga ahubwo rigashyirwaho ku wa 04/01/2023, ni iyihe tariki yafatwako ko ryatangiwe [63] Ku birebana n’ibivugwa na Valerien Munyaneza n’abamwunganira ko n’iyo ikosa ryaba ryarabaye mu gutangaza iryo tangazo rya cyamunara mu kinyamakuru Igihe.com bitaba impamvu yo gutesha agaciro iyo cyamuna kuko atari ikosa ry’ugurisha ingwate kuko we yari yatanze iryo tangazo ku wa 02/01/2023 kandi ku rubuga rutangazwaho cyamunara iryo tangazo ryari ririho, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro byahabwa kuko n’ubwo Valerien Munyaneza yatanze iryo tangazo mu buyobozi bw’ikinyamakuru Igihe.com ku wa 02/01/2023 ariko ntiryahise rishyirwa ku rubuga ahubwo ryashyizweho ku wa 04/01/2023 nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. Urukiko rurasanga kandi igihe itangazwa rya cyamunara ryitwa ko ryakozwe ari igihe ryatangarijwe (published) mu kinyamakuru, aho kuba igihe ugurisha ingwate cyangwa uwatanze itangazo muri rusange yarishyiriyeho umukono cyangwa igihe yarishyikirijeho ikinyamakuru kuko ikigamijwe mu itangazwa rya cyamunara ari ukumenyesha rubanda (public) ko hari cyamunara iteganyijwe kandi mu gihe ritaratangazwa ntaho rubanda rwakura ayo makuru, kuba rero ugurisha ingwate yarashyize umukono ku itangazo ku wa 02/01/2023 ndetse akanarishyikiriza igitangazamakuru kuri uwo munsi ariko rigatangazwa ku wa 04/01/2023 byumvikana ko umunsi itangazwa rya cyamunara ryabaye ari ku wa 04/01/2023 kuko aribwo rubanda rwatangiye kubona ibyerekeye iyo cyamunara, akaba ari impitagihe kandi iyo akaba ari impamvu itesha agaciro cyamunara.

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[64] Urukiko rurasanga rero kuba cyamunara yakozwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga ku nshuro ya kabiri yararangiye ku wa 31/12/2022 nta bapiganwa babonetse, Munyaneza Valerien yari afite inshingano zo gutangaza ikomeza ry’ipiganwa ku nshuro ya 3 mu gihe cy’amasaha makumyabiri n’ane (24) abarwa uhereye icyo gihe ku rubuga rutangarizwaho cyamunara, kuri Radiyo ISANGO STAR no mu Kinyamakuru Igihe.com ndetse akanamanika itangazo aho uwo mutungo utimukanwa wari uri; ni ukuvuga ko yagombaga gutanga ayo matangazo kandi akanatangazwa bitarenze nibura ku wa 02/01/2023 nk’uko ingingo yavuzwe haruguru ibiteganya, bityo kuba bigaragara ko amatangazo ya cyamunara ya gatatu (3) yakozwe ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/01/01/2521 yatangajwe mu kinyamakuru Igihe.com ku wa 04/01/2023 nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, yatangajwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kuko yatangajwe impitagihe. [65] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusesengurwa haruguru, uru Rukiko rurasanga itangazwa rya cyamunara ya gatatu (3) ryarakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kuko ryakozwe impitagihe, ku bw’ibyo ikaba iteshejwe agaciro. II.4. Kumenya niba urukiko rwari rukwiye gusuzuma ibirebana n’itangazwa rya mbere n’irya kabiri rya cyamunara A. Imiburanire y’amajyambere Industry Co Ltd [66] Amajyambere Industry CO LTD n’abayihagarariye bavuga ko yatanze ikirego cyo gutesha agaciro cyamunara ishingiye ku mategeko y’itangazwa rya cyamunara atarubahirijwe nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 260 ya CPCCSA, ko nyuma yo kubona raporo ya Rwanda Forensic Laboratory (RFL), Amajyambere yasanze amatangazo yose yatanzwe kuri iyi cyamunara yakozwe ku mutungo UPI: 1/02/01/01/2521 uherereye Gasabo, Bumbogo, Kinyaga, Akakaza yaratanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [67] Amajyambere Industry CO Ltd n’abayihagarariye basobanura ko Urukiko yarugaragarije izo nenge ariko urukiko ruvuga ko ibirebana n’itangazwa rya cyamunara ya mbere n’iya kabiri bitasuzumwa kuko bitashyikirijwe Umwanditsi Mukuru. Ko ariko iyo mpamvu atariyo kuko icyo umwanditsi Mukuru yashyikirijwe ari ugusuzuma iteshwa gaciro rya cyamunara kubwo kudakurikiza amategeko bidasabye kuvuga icyiciro ku kindi nk’aho ibyo byiciro bigize cyamunara zitandukanye. [68] Amajyambere Industry CO Ltd n’abayihagarariye basobanura kandi ko hari imanza nyinshi zirimo urubanza RCOMAA 00064/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 03/10/2019 hagati ya Kayumba na SIMACO Ltd n’abandi, mu gika cya 18, aho urukiko rwagaragaje ko kutubahiriza iminsi irindwi yo kumenyekanisha igihe cyamunara yimuriweho ari impamvu ihagije yo gutesha agaciro cyamunara bityo rutegeka ko amakosa nk’ayo akwiye gukosorwa uhereye igihe urubanza ruciriwe cyamunara ikubahiriza imigenzo, amabwiriza n’amategeko ayigenga nk’uko byateganijwe mu mabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru. Ndetse ko mu mu rubanza RCOMAA 00031/2016/SC – RCOMAA 00036/16/SC rwaciwe ku wa 29/06/2018 hagati ya Habimana Vedaste, Bank of Kigali, Asiimwe Frank n’abandi cyane cyane mu gika cya 45 aho urukiko rwemeje ko niba nyir’umutungo agaragaza ko imitungo ye yagurishijwe amategeko atubahirijwe, byihagije kugira ngo ibikorwa byakozwe cyangwa ibyemezo byafashwe iyo mitungo igurishwa biteshwe agaciro. [69] Mu gusoza, Amajyambere Industry CO Ltd n’abayihagarariye bavuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze amakosa ntirwasuzuma ibimenyetso bihamya kandi bigashimangira

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ukwicwa nkana kw’amategeko rushingiye gusa ku kuba Umwanditsi Mukuru atabigaragarijwe, mu gihe nyamara n’Umwanditsi Mukuru ubwe icyo yaregewe ari ukutubahiriza amategeko, hagasabwa ko cyamunara iteshwa agaciro ko itangazwa rya cyamunara ya mbere cyangwa iya kabiri atari ibirego bishya ahubwo ari ibimenyetso byerekanaga uko kutubahiriza amategeko. Basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gusuzuma no gushingira ku bimenyetso byose byerekana uko itangazwa rya cyamunara ku nshuro zose (round 1, Roudn 2 na Round 3) ryakozwe rukemeza ko itangazwa rya cyamunara ritubahirije amategeko, rukemeza ko iteshejwe agaciro bitari kuri izo mpamvu zose aho kuba gusa ku mpamvu y’itangazo ryatangajwe ku www.igihe.com ku wa 04/01/2023 (kuri Round 3) nk’aho ari cyamunara zitandukanye. B. Imiburanire ya Valerien Munyaneza [70] Valerien Munyaneza n’abamwunganira bavuga ko ibirebana na cyamunara ya mbere n’iya kabiri bitagombaga kwakirwa ngo bisuzumwe kuko byari ibirego bishya bitigeze bishyikirizwa Umwanditsi Mukuru, bityo ko ntaho Urukiko rwari guhera rubisuzuma kuko inenge zisuzumwa ari izari zarashyikirijwe Umwanditsi Mukuru, ko rero icyo bari basabye Umwanditsi Mukuru ari nacyo bajyanye muri RFL ari ibirebana n’itangazwa rya cyamunara ya 3, bityo ko itangazwa rya cyamunara ya mbere n’iya kabiri, bitari gusuzumwa. C. Imiburanire ya COGEBANQUE Plc [71] COGEBANQUE Plc n’uyihagarariye bavuga ko izi ngingo zitasuzumwa kuko kuba baranenze cyamunara yatanzwe ku nshuro ya gatatu byumvikana ko ari yo yonyine banengaga UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [72] Hakurikijwe iyi miburanire, urukiko rurasanga impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba mu gusaba Umwanditsi Mukuru gutesha agaciro cyamunara usaba agomba kumugaragariza inenge zose kandi izo atagaragarijwe zikaba zitaregerwa mu rukiko. [73] Ingingo ya 260 igika cyanyuma y’ Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko, “Guhagarika no gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mitungo igurishwa hashingiwe ku cyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate cyatanzwe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru, bisabwa Umwanditsi Mukuru. Umwanditsi Mukuru atanga igisubizo mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itatu (3) y’akazi. Iyo hari utishimiye igisubizo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyangwa udahawe igisubizo mu gihe giteganywa muri iki gika, abitangira ikirego mu rukiko rw’ubucuruzi hakurikijwe ibivugwa muri iyi ngingo mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itanu (5) y’akazi uhereye igihe yamenyeye icyo gisubizo”. [74] Ingingo ya 10 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi mukuru Nº 002/2021/0rg yo ku wa 29/06/2021 ahindura amabwiriza y’umwanditsi mukuru Nº 001/2020/org yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara no kwegukana ingwate iteganya ko “Ubifitemo inyungu ufite icyo anenga cyamunara cyangwa imigendekere yayo, ashobora, mu minsi itanu (5) uhereye ku munsi yakiriyeho raporo ya cyamunara, gusaba mu nyandiko Umwanditsi Mukuru ko asuzuma inenge yagaragajwe akayifataho icyemezo gikwiye. Usaba agenera kopi uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate”.

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[75] Izi ngingo zisomewe hamwe zumvikanisha ko ubifitemo inyungu ufite icyo anenga cyamunara cyangwa imigendekere yayo yandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru amusaba kuyihagarika cyangwa kuyitesha agaciro akanamwereka inenge ziri muri iyo cyamunara cyangwa imigendekere yayo kugira ngo Umwanditsi Mukuru azifateho icyemezo. Zumvikanisha kandi ko inenge Umwanditsi Mukuru atagaragarijwe atazifataho icyemezo. Noneho udashubijwe cyangwa utanyuzwe n’icyo gisubizo, akaba ariwe uregera urukiko rubifitiye ububasha. [76] Nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 12/01/2023 LANDMARK Advocates Ltd yanditde mu izina rya Amajyambere Industry CO.LTD isaba Umwanditsi Mukuru gutesha agaciro cyamunara yakozwe ku mutungo ufite UPI 1/02/01/01/2521 yamugaragarije ko ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate yakoze amakosa akomeye aho yishe amategeko agenga itangaza rya cyamunara kuko cyamunara ku nshuro ya gatatu yayitangaje mu kinyamakuru Igihe.com ku wa 04/01/2023 bivuze ko yatangajwe irimo kuba. Iyo nenge kandi ni nayo bagarutseho mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 17/01/2023 ubwo bongeraga kwandikira Umwanditsi Mukuru aho basobanuye ko uko gutangaza cyamunara ya gatatu impitagihe byatumye umutungo ugurwa ku giciro gito. Iyo nenge yagaragajwe n’Amajyambere Industry CO. Ltd kandi ni nayo Umwanditsi Mukuru mu ibaruwa no Ref RDB/03/RG/160/1/2023 yo ku wa 31/01/2023 yasubijeho aho yagaragaje ko itangazo rya cyamunara ya gatatu yatangajwe ku wa 02/01/2023 aho kuba ku wa 04/01/2023 nk’uko Amajyambere Industry CO.LTD, bityo ko itateshwa agaciro. [77] Nk’uko bigaragara kandi mu gika cya 41 n’icya 42 by’urubanza RCOM 00256/2023/TC rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2023 Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwagaragaje ko ibirebana n’inenge Amajyambere Industry CO.Ltd ivuga birebana n’itangazwa rya cyamunara ya mbere n’iya kabiri, bitakwakirwa ngo bisuzumwe kuko bitashyikirijwe Umwanditsi Mukuru ndetse bikaba bitagaragara mu myanzuro itanga ikirego ahubwo barabizanye mu myanzuro y’inyongera. [78] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, guhagarikisha cyamunara cyangwa kuyitesha agaciro, bifite inzira y’umwihariko yo kubanza kubishyikiriza Umwanditsi Mukuru kugira ngo abanze afate icyemezo ku nenge zagaragajwe kuri cyamunara cyangwa imigendekere yayo kandi ko Umwanditsi Mukuru asubiza kuri izo nenge yagaragarijwe zonyine, noneho utanyuzwe n’icyemezo cyangwa uwo atashubije mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko akaba ari we uregera urukiko rubifitiye ububasha. [79] Rurasanga rero nk’uko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwabivuze inenge itaragaragarijwe Umwanditsi Mukuru itazanwa bwa mbere mu Rukiko ngo yakirwe isuzumwe kuko ibisuzumwa n’Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha ari inenge imwe cyangwa nyinshi zashyikirijwe Umwanditsi Mukuru ntazisubize cyangwa icyemezo yazifasheho kitanyuze uwari wamwandikiye. Ku bw’ibyo rero ibyo Amajyambere Industry co Ltd ivuga birebana n’itangazwa rya cyamunara ya mbere n’iya kabiri, bikaba bisuzumwa kuko bitashyikirijwe Umwanditsi Mukuru. [80] Ku birebana n’ibivugwa n’Amajyambere Industry COLtd ko atari ibirego bishya ahubwo ari ibimenyetso, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro byahabwa kuko kuba bavuga ko cyamunara ya mbere n’iyakabiri zatangajwe impitagihe ari inenge zihariye banenga imigendekere ya cyamunara zitandukanye no ku migendere y’itangazwa rya cyamunara ya gatatu yari yashyikirijwe Umwnaditsi Mukuru.

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[81] Hashingiwe ku bisobanura byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi nta kosa rwakoze mu kwanga gusuzuma inenge zirebana n’itangazwa rya cyamunara ya mbere n’iya kabiri kuko zitashyikirijwe Umwanditsi Mukuru. Bityo kuba rutarazisuzumye nta kosa rwakoze. II.5. Kumenya niba ababuranyi bagenerwa indishyi, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka basaba A. Imiburanire ya Valerien Munyaneza [82] Munyaneza Valerien n’abamwunganira bavuga ko Amajyambere Industry C Ltd yamushoye mu manza zidafite ishingiro akaba abisabira indishyi z`akababaro zingana na 2.000.000Frw, 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka harimo n`ayo ku rwego rubanza, 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 40.000 Frw y’igarama yishyuwe mu kujurira. B. Imiburanire y’Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd [83] Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd n’abayunganira bavuga ko Urukiko rw’ubucuruzi rutategetse abaregwaga kwishyura indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kandi Amajyambere yarishyuye abanyamategeko bo kuyiburanira urubanza. Basaba ko Urukiko rwajuririwe rwazabisuzumana ubushishozi maze rukagenera Amajyambere Industry CO Ltd izo ndishyi nk’uko yari yazisabye, isaba amafaranga y’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 700,000Frw ndetse n’amafranga y’ikurikirana rubanza angana na 200,000Frw kuko ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate atubahirije amategeko bigatuma uregwa mu bujurire yiyambaza ubutabera. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [84] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 28/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo“. [85] Hakurikijwe ibiteganywa muri iyi ngingo, byumvikana ko amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza agizwe n’amafaranga yose agendanye n’ibyakozwe byose mu rubanza ndetse n’igihembo cya Avoka, ayo mafaranga akaba yishyuzwa uwatsinzwe mu gihe uwatsinze yayagaragarije ibimenyetso. [86] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko byagaragajwe mu ngingo zibanziriza iyi, uwatsinzwe uru rubanza ari Munyaneza Valerien, bityo bikaba byumvikana ko indishyi, amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza n’Igihembo cya Avoka asaba nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru indishyi, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’Igihembo cya Avoka bihabwa uwatsinze urubanza kandi ni we watsinzwe muri uru rubanza. [87] Ku birebana n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa na Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd angana n’ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’amafranga

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y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 200,000Frw, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga yayahabwa kuko yashatse Abavoka bayihagararira ndetse inakurikirana urubanza rwayo. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [88] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd bugamije gusaba gukuraho icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi cyari cyemeje ko ikirego cy’Amajyambere Industry Co. Ltd kitagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere, bufite ishingiro; [89] Rwemeje ko ubujurire Munyaneza Valerien yari yatanze mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ari nabwo uru Rukiko rwasuzumye mu mizi, nta shingiro bufite; [90] Rwemeje ko cyamunara yabaye ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/01/01/2521 iteshejwe agaciro; [91] Rwemeje ko Munyaneza Valerien agomba guha Amajyambere Industry Co Ltd amafaranga y’igihembo cy’Abavoka bayiburaniye kingana n’ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000 Frw) n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza angana n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw).