Re ASHINZWUWERA

# Re ASHINZWUWERA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2011-08-26 - Case/document no.: RS/SPEC0001/11/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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Re ASHINZWUWERA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RS/SPEC0001/11/CS (Rugege, P.J., Kayitesi R, Hatangimbabazi, J.) 26 Kanama, 2011] Amategeko agenga imikorere y’umutwe w’abadepite – Kwirukanwa ku mirimo y’ubudepite – ikurikiranwa ry’ikosa mu rwego rw’akazi – Inzira zikurikizwa mu gusezerera umudepite ku mirimo – ububasha bw’umutwe w’abadepite mu gukurikirana ikosa mu kazi ryakozwe n’umudepite ushinjwa icyaha – Bisabwe na Komite ishinzwe imikorere y’Umutwe w’Abadepite, imyitarire, imyifatire n’ubudahangarwa bw’Abadepite bikemezwa na bitatu bya gatanu (3/5) by’abagize Umutwe w‘Abadepite, Inteko Rusange ishobora kwemeza ko Umudepite ugaragayeho rimwe cyangwa menshi mu makosa akurwa ku mirimo ye y’ubudepite – Kuba haba hari isano ry’ibyaha umuburanyi aburana mu nkiko n’amakosa akurikiranyweho n’urwego abarizwamo ntibyambura urwo urwego ububasha bwo gukurikirana amakosa ye rusuzuma koko niba ayo makosa amuhama – Itegeko Ngenga No 06/2006 ryo ku wa 15/02/2006 rigena imikorere y’umutwe w’abadepite nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 90. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ashinzwuwera yatorewe kuba umwemubagize inteko nshinga amategeko y’u Rwanda, nyuma yaho Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, Umutwe w’Abadepite yandikiye Perezida wa Komite ishinzwe imikorere y’umutwe w’Abadepite, imyitwarire, imyifatire, n’ubudahangarwa bw’abadepite asaba ko iyo Komite yakurikirana ikibazo cya Depite Ashinzwuwera ku mpamvu z’ibyamuvugwagaho ko yaba yarabangamiye Polisi y’u Rwanda mu kurangiza inshingano ihabwa n’itegeko, iyo komite yarigizwe na ababajijwe, abadepite na abapolisi bakaba baramubajije kubijyanye n’ikibazo cye maze arabisubiza. Komite yarashinzwe ikibazo cya ashinzwuwera yakoze raporo iyishikiriza inteko rusange y’abadepite, iyo nteko yafashe icyemezo cyo kwirukana Depute ashinzwuwere ku mirimo ye kuko yabangamiye polisi y’u Rwanda ayibuza kurangiza inshingano zayo ihabwa n’amategeko ngo ibyo bikaba byaragaragajwe n’imwe mu myitwarire. Depite Ashinzwewera ntiyishimiye uwo mwanzuro wafashwe wo kumuhagarika ku mirimo y’ubudepite bituma atanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko icyo cyemezo cyavaho ngo kuko yirukanywe biciye mu nzira zidakurikije amategeko kandi ko ibyashingiweho yirukanwa bidafite ishingiro. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Bisabwe na Komite ishinzwe imikorere y’Umutwe w’Abadepite, imyitarire, imyifatire n’ubudahangarwa bw’Abadepite bikemezwa na bitatu bya gatanu (3/5) by’abagize Umutwe w‘Abadepite, Inteko Rusange ishobora kwemeza ko Umudepite ugaragayeho rimwe cyangwa menshi mu makosa akurwa ku mirimo ye y’ubudepite. 2. Kuba haba hari isano ry’ibyaha umuburanyi aburana mu nkiko n’amakosa akurikiranyweho n’urwego abarizwamo ntibyambura urwo urwego ububasha bwo gukurikirana amakosa ye rusuzuma koko niba ayo makosa amuhama. 3. Igihe uregera kuvanaho icyemezo cyi mwirukana ku mwanya w’ubudepite atabasha kuvuguruza cyangwa ngo atange ibimenyetso ko byatwanzwe muri raporo na komite ishinzwe

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imikorere y’umutwe w’abadepite, imyitwarire n’ubudahangarwa bw’abadepite ataribyo, bifatwa ko yabyemeye. Ikirego nta shingiro gifite. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye kuri Ashinzwuwera. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Ngenga No 06/2006 ryo ku wa 15/02/2006 rigena imikorere y’umutwe w’abadepite nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 90. Imanza zifashishijwe: Leta y’u Rwanda v. Nkongoli, RAD A0012/07/CS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga Kabanda Janvier v. ECOBANK, RSOCAA 0019/09/CS / RSOC0002/09/HC/KIG, zaciwe n’Urukiko rw‘Ikirenga Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas yatorewe kuba umwe mubagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, Umutwe w’Abadepite. Tariki ya 30/05/2011, Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, Umutwe w’Abadepite yandikiye Perezida wa Komite ishinzwe imikorere y’umutwe w’Abadepite, imyitwarire, imyifatire, n’ubudahangarwa bw’abadepite asaba ko iyo Komite yakurikirana ikibazo cya Depite Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas ku mpamvu z’ibyamuvugwagaho ko yaba yarabangamiye Polisi y’u Rwanda mu kurangiza inshingano ihabwa n’itegeko. Abadepite bagize Komite yashinzwe icyo kibazo batangiye kugikurikirana no kugicukumbura babaza abantu batandukanye. [2] Ababajijwe n’itsinda ry’abadepite bagize Komite ni abantu barindwi. Batanu ni abapolisi, umuturanyi wa Depite Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas na Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas akaba yarabonanye n’iryo tsinda rigira ibyo rimubaza arabisubiza. Tariki ya 13 Nyakanga 2011 Perezida w’Inteko Inshinga Amategeko, Umutwe w’Abadepite yagejejweho raporo na Komite ku kibazo cya Depite Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas. [3] Iyo raporo yagejejwe ku Nteko Rusange y’Abadepite tariki ya 18 Nyakanga 2011. Iyo Nteko yafashe icyemezo cyo kwirukana Depute Ashinzwuwera Dumas ku mirimo y’ubudepite. Mu gufata umwanzuro, Inteko yasanze Depite Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas tariki ya 30 Werurwe 2011 yarabangamiye Polisi y’u Rwanda ayibuza kurangiza inshingano zayo ihabwa n’amategeko ngo ibyo bikaba byaragaragajwe n’imwe mu myitwarire ye ikurikira: Kwanga gutanga mushiki we Tuyishime Josiane kugirango yitabe umuyobozi wa CID; Kurwanya Polisi no gushishikariza bashiki be kuvuza induru kugeza ubwo abahisi n’abagenzi bahurura;

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Kutiyubaha no kutubaha izindi nzego, kwitesha agaciro no kugatesha urwego arimo. [4] Depite Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas ntabwo yishimiye umwanzuro wafashwe wo kumuhagarika ku mirimo y’ubudepite, tariki ya 20 Nyakanga 2011 yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko icyo cyemezo cyavaho ngo kuko yirukanywe biciye mu nzira zidakurikije amategeko kandi ko ibyashingiweho yirukanwa bidafite ishingiro. Urubanza rwaburanishijwe ku tariki ya 22/08/2011, Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas yunganirwa na Me Mbera Ferdinand hamwe na Me Sebaziga Sophonie naho ku ruhande rwa Leta hitabye Me Sebazungu Alphonse, Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta yungirije. Nyuma y’iburanisha mu ruhame, Urukiko rwavuze ko urubanza ruzasomwa tariki ya 26/08/2011. II. IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO a) Kumenya niba inzira Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, Umutwe w’Abadepite yakoresheje yirukana Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas zinyuranije n’amategeko. [5] Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas hamwe n’abamwunganira bavuga ko inzira zakoreshejwe yirukanwa zinyuranye n’amategeko. Bavuga ko ingingo ya 18 y’Itegeko Nshnga yishwe ngo kuko atahawe umwanya wo kwisobanura imbere y’inteko rusange y’Umutwe w’abadepite. Uhagarariye Leta we avuga ko uburenganzira bwo kwisobanura yabuhawe kuko ngo yabonanye, kandi akanabazwa na Komite ishinzwe imikorere y’umutwe w’Abadepite, imyitwarire, imyifatire, n’ubudahangarwa bwabo. Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas, n’Intumwa ya Leta, bose bemera ko Komite ishinzwe imikorere y’umutwe w’Abadepite, imyitwarire, imyifatire, n’ubudahangarwa bw’abadepite yabonanye na Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas imuha umwanya wo kwisobanura ku makosa yamuvugwagaho. [6] Tariki ya 24/06/2011, Abadepite bagize Komite ishinzwe imikorere y’umutwe w’Abadepite, imyitwarire, imyifatire, n’ubudahangarwa bw’abadepite babonanye na Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas, bamubaza ibibazo bitandukanye birebana n’imyitwarire ye arabisubiza. Urukiko rurasanga ku uru rwego (Committee level) Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas yarahawe uburenganzira bwo kwisobanura ubwo yahuraga na Komite ikamubaza uko ikibazo giteye akakisobanuraho. Nkuko yari ibifitiye uburenganzira ihabwa n’amategeko, Komite yasabye ko Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas yahagarikwa. Ibyo Komite isabye muri raporo, Inteko Rusange irabisuzuma, igafata umwanzuro biciye mu matora. Ingingo ya 90 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 06/2006 ryo ku wa 15/02/2006 rigena imikorere y’umutwe w’abadepite nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu ibivuga muri aya magambo “Bisabwe na Komite ishinzwe imikorere y’Umutwe w’Abadepite, imyitwarire, imyifatire n’ubudahangarwa bw’Abadepite bikemezwa na bitatu bya gatanu (3/5) by’abagize Umutwe w‘Abadepite, Inteko Rusange ishobora kwemeza ko Umudepite ugaragayeho rimwe cyangwa menshi mu makosa akurwa ku mirimo ye y’ubudepite ......”. Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas ntabwo agaragaza aho ahera avuga ko yagombaga kwisobanura imbere y’Inteko Rusange y’Umutwe w’abadepite. b) Kumenya niba ikurikirana ry’umudepite mu manza nshinjabyaha ribuza ko yakurikiranwa ku birebana n’imyitwarire ye. [7] Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas avuga ko uburyo yirukanywemo budakurikije amategeko ngo kuko hari urubanza rw’inshinjabyaha yaburanye akarutsinda naho urundi rukaba

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rutaracibwa burundu. Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas n’abamwunganira aribo Me Mbera Ferdinand na Me Sebaziga Sophonie bavuga ko ingingo ya 19 y’Itegeko Nshinga ndetse n’izindi ngingo z’amasezerano mpuzamahanga zivuga ko umuntu afatwa nk’umwere mu gihe atarahamwa n’icyaha burundu, zishwe. Kuri iki kibazo intumwa ya Leta ivuga ko Inteko Rusange y’Umutwe w’Abadepite yafashe icyemezo ishingiye ku makosa yabonye kuri Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas ko bitari ngombwa gushingira ku manza. Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas yaburanye urubanza RP0069/11/TB/NYB mu Rukiko Rwibanze rwa Nyamirambo aregwa n’ubushinjacyaha aratsinda. Hari n’urundi rubanza aregwamo n’ubushinjacyaha ibyaha by’urukozasoni rukorewe abarinzi b’amahoro, ubwigomeke, gukubita no gukomeretsa. Izi manza ni izinshinjabyaha. [8] Kuba hari urubanza Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas yaburanye akarutsinda hari n’urundi ategereje kuburana ntibibuza ko hasuzumwa ibirebana n’amakosa ashingiye ku myifatire ye. Ibyakozwe n’Inteko Rusange y’Umutwe w’Abadepite byari bishingiye ku makosa Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas yaregwaga ntabwo byari bishingiye ku byaha yaregwaga n’ubushinjacyaha. Ikosa ryatumye avanwa ku rutonde rw’abadepite niryo kwitesha agaciro no kugatesha urwego arimo, ibi kandi ntabwo ari icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko mpanabyaha. Kuba haba hari isano ry’ibyaha aburana mu nkiko n’amakosa akurikiranyweho n’urwego abarizwamo ntibyambura urwo urwego ububasha bwo gukurikirana amakosa ye nk’umudepite rusuzuma koko niba ayo makosa amuhama. Ingingo ya 19 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ndetse n’izindi ngingo zigaragara mu masezerano mpuzamahanga zivuga ko umuntu afatwa nk’umwere igihe cyose icyaha aregwa kitaramuhama burundu, ntabwo zishwe kuko agifashwe nk’umwere kubyaha akurikiranyweho mu nkiko. Icyo yahaniwe ni amakosa ajyanye n’imyitwarire igomba kuranga umudepite. [9] Iby’uko ikirego cy’inshinjabyaha kidashobora kubangamira ugukurikirana ikosa umuntu yakoze mu kazi bigaragara kandi no mu rubanza No RAD A0012/07/CS rwari hagati ya Leta y’u Rwanda na Nkongoli, no mu rubanza RSOCAA 0019/09/CS RSOC0002/09/HC/KIG rwa Kabanda Janvier na ECOBANK zaciwe n’Urukiko rw‘Ikirenga. Bene izi manza ntabwo ari umwihariko w’u Rwanda gusa. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruburanisha imanza z’ubutegetsi rw’i Bordeaux mu gihugu cy’Ubufaransa rwaciye urubanza tariki ya 4/11/2008 rwemeza ko ntacyari kubuza ko Mme Juliette X watanze ikirego akurikiranwa ku birebana n’imyitwarire mu kazi (poursuites disciplinaires) nubwo haba hari ikirego cy’inshinjabyaha kidashobora kubangamira ikurikiranwa ku birebana n’imyitwarire mu kazi1. c) Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ibyashingiweho Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas yirukanwa ku mwanya w’ubudepite bifite ishingiro. 1 http://bordeaux.cour-administrative-appel.fr/ta-caa/, Cour Administrative d'Appel de Bordeaux, N° 07BX01721, 2ème chambre (formation à 3), 4 novembre 2008. ..“...Considérant, en quatrième lieu, qu'en vertu du principe de l'indépendance de la répression disciplinaire et de la répression pénale, l'autorité administrative peut déclencher des poursuites disciplinaires sans que l'éventualité de poursuites pénales soit de nature à exercer une incidence sur sa liberté de décision ; que par suite la circonstance que les faits reprochés à la requérante aient également pu faire l'objet de poursuites devant un tribunal répressif ne faisait pas obstacle à ce que soit engagée, à raison des mêmes faits, une procédure disciplinaire, ni à ce que soit prononcée, pour les faits dont s'agit, une sanction disciplinaire ; que dans ces conditions, Mme X n'est pas fondée à soutenir que les droits de la défense ont été méconnus à son égard en ce que la matérialité des faits commis ne pouvait être constatée que par la juridiction pénale … »

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[10] Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas avuga ko amakosa yahamijwe yo kwitwara nabi nta shingiro afite ko ahubwo ari akagambane k’abo basangiye ishyaka. Kuri iyi ngingo uhagarariye Leta we avuga ko icyemezo cyafatiwe uwareze cyo kwirukanwa gifite ishingiro ngo kuko hari amakosa Komite ishinzwe imikorere y’umutwe w’Abadepite, imyitwarire, imyifatire, n’ubudahangarwa bw’abadepite yagaragaje muri raporo. Inteko Rusange y’Umutwe w’Abadepite yafashe icyemezo ishingiye kuri raporo yakozwe na Komite imaze kuvugwa. [11] Mu gace ka 5 k’ingingo ya 90 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 06|2006 ryo ku wa 15/02/2006 rigena imikorere y’umutwe w’abadepite nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu, havugwamo ko bisabwe na Komite ishinzwe imikorere y’Umutwe w’Abadepite, imyitwarire, imyifatire n’ubudahangarwa bw’Abadepite bikemezwa na bitatu bya gatanu (3/5) by’abagize Umutwe w‘Abadepite, Inteko Rusange ishobora kwemeza ko Umudepite ugaragayeho kwiyandarika no kwitesha agaciro cyangwa kugatesha urwego arimo akurwa kuri iyo mirimo ye. Mu gukora raporo, Komite yabajije abantu bari mu byiciro bitandukanye harimo na Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas ubwe. Mu iburanisha ry’uru rubanza muri uru Rukiko ntabwo yashoboye kuvuguruza imvugo z’ababajijwe na Komite ishinzwe imikorere y’umutwe w’Abadepite, imyitwarire, imyifatire, n’ubudahangarwa bw’abadepite. Ntiyigeze atanga kandi ikimenyetso icyo aricyo cyose kivuguruza ibyo Komite yavuze muri raporo. Kubw’ibyo, Urukiko rurasanga icyemezo cyo gukura ku rutonde rw’Abadepite Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas cyafashwe n’Inteko rusange y’Umutwe w’Abadepite gifite ishingiro cyane cyane ko cyubahirije ibiteganywa mu ngingo imaze kuvugwa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [12] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeye kwakira no gusuzuma ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas. [13] Rwemeje ariko ko nta shingiro gifite. [14] Rukijije ko Ashinzwuwera Alexandre Dumas atsinzwe. [15] Rumutegetse kwishyura amagarama y’urubanza angana na 9700 FRW ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.