BAHO INTERNATIONAL HOSPITAL Ltd v. BUSHISHI

# BAHO INTERNATIONAL HOSPITAL Ltd v. BUSHISHI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-11-27 - Case/document no.: RSA/SCP/RSOC 00001/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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BAHO INTERNATIONAL HOSPITAL Ltd v. BUSHISHI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RSA/SCP/RSOC 00001/2025/CA (Rutazana, P.J.) 27 Ugushyingo 2025] Amategeko yerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza Monezamubano – Ikirego cyihutirwa – irangiza rubanza ry’agateganyo – umucamanza uburanisha ibirego bisaba guhagarika irangizarubanza by’agateganyo abikora yubahiriza imihango ijyanye n’ibirego byihutirwa. Amategeko yerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza Monezamubano – Ikirego cyihutirwa – Nta kintu gifatika kibaho gishingirwaho hemezwa ko hari ubwihutire ku bintu runaka, ahubwo bigenwa mu bushishozi bw’umucamanza bitewe n’imiterere y’urubanza afite. Amategeko yerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza – Umirongo – Umurongo ushingiye ku Itegeko ryavuyeho – Nta cyabuza Urukiko gushingira ku mirongo yatanzwe mu zindi manza nubwo yaba ishingiye ku Itegeko ryavuyeho, ipfa kuba ibisobanuro bitangwamo bihuje kamere (nature) n’ikibazo Urukiko ruri gusuzuma. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Bushishi arega Baho International Hospital Ltd mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo nk’umukoresha bari bafitanye amasezezerano y’akazi y’igihe cyizwi akayasesa igihe kiri mu masezerano kitarangiye, asaba Urukiko gutegeka uregwa kumwishyura imishahara y’amezi 3 (Mata, Gicurasi, Kamena) y’umwaka wa 2022, imishahara yari guhembwa mu gihe cyari gisigaye ngo amasezerano arangire, kumuha icyemezo cy’imirimo yakoze gikosoye, n’indishyi zinyuranye kuko yirukanywe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Avuga ko raporo y’isuzumabushobozi yashingiweho amasezerano aseswa, atazi igihe yakorewe kandi umukoresha we akaba atarigeze ayimwereka kugira ngo nawe ayishyireho umukono. Uhagarariye Baho International Hospital Ltd yireguye avuga ko icyo kirego nta shingiro gifite, asobanura ko hashingiwe ku masezerano y’akazi Bushishi yagiranye na Baho International Hospital Ltd yagombaga guhera ku wa 04/04/2022, yagombaga gukora nka senior customer care ariko bikaba bitarashobotse kuko ibitaro byahise bifungwa, byongera gufungurwa kuwa 13/05/2022 na Minisitiri w’Ubuzima hanyuma ku wa 14/06/2022 amasezerano y’akazi ya Bushishi araseswa hashingiwe ku ngingo yayo ya 13, agace ka 6 yateganyaga ko amasezerano ashobora guseswa nta nteguza mu gihe nta musaruro wabonetse (poor performance), kuko yakorewe isuzumabushobozi bagasanga ataratanze umusaruro yari yitezweho. Urukiko mu rubanza RSOC00353/2022/TGI/GSBO, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Bushishi gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe; rutegeka Baho International Hospital Ltd kumwishyura 1.350.000Frw y’imishahara itamwishyuye, 700.000Frw ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Ababuranyi bombi bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Baho International Hospital Ltd, ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwirengagije gusuzuma ingingo irebana n’inzira y’ubukemurampaka ababuranyi bari bariyemeje gukoresha mu gihe bagiranye ibibazo, runagenera Bushishi amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 66 y’Itegeko N˚ 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda; naho Bushishi mu bujurire bwe, anenga kuba Urukiko rutaramugeneye amafaranga y’imishahara yari guhembwa mu gihe cy’amezi 57 cyari gisigaye kugira ngo amasezerano ye y’akazi arangire; anasaba guhabwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka ku rwego rw’ubujurire. Urukiko mu rubanza RSOCA00370/2023/HC/KIG - CMB RSOCA 00008/2024/HC/KIG, rwemeje Ko Baho International Hospital Ltd yasheshe amasezerano y’akazi ya Bushishi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ruyitegeka kubimuhera indishyi zingana na 1.350.000Frw, 400.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza kuri urwo rwego rw’ubujurire, yiyongera kuri 1.350.000Frw y’imishahara itamwishyuye, 700.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka.

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Baho International Hospital Ltd yasabye ko urubanza RSOCA00370/2023/HC/KIG - CMB RSOCA00008/2024/HC/KIG rusubirishamo ingingo nshya. Ikirego cyandikwa kuri RSOCA 00014/2025/HC/KIG. Mu gihe ikirego gisubirishamo ingingo nshya kitaraburanishwa Baho International Hospital Ltd yatanze ikirego cyihutirwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, isaba guhagarika irangizwa ry’urubanza RSOCA00370/2023/HC/KIG - CMB RSOCA00008/2024/HC/KIG, ishingiye ku mpamvu y’uko Bushishi aramutse yishyuwe amafaranga y’indishyi yatsindiye, atazashobora kuyiyasubiza mu gihe yaba atsinzwe urubanza rwo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya. Bushishi yireguye kuri icyo kirego avuga ko gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya bidahagarika irangizwa ryarwo, Urukiko mu rubanza RSOC00002/2025/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku kirego cyihutirwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko nta shingiro gifite kuko nta bwihutire Baho International Hospital Ltd yagaragaje. Baho International Hospital Ltd yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ivuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje kutakira ikirego cyayo rushingiye ku kuba nta bwihutire buhari, rwirengagije impamvu yatanze zerekana ko indishyi yategetswe kwishyura Bushishi ziramutse zivanyweho (mu rubanza rwo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya) kandi yaramaze kuzihabwa, atabasha kuzisubiza kandi bikagira ingaruka ku rubanza rw’iremezo. Mbere yo kwiregura ku mpamvu y’ubujurire, Bushishi yatanze inzitizi zigamije gusaba Urukiko kutakira ubujurire bwa Baho International Hospital Ltd, kuko ikirego kihutirwa gishingiye ku kirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya kandi ibyo birego bitajuririrwa, avuga kandi ko ubujurire bwatanzwe impitagihe. Baho International Hospital Ltd yireguye ku nzitizi ivuga ko nta shingiro zifite, kuko urubanza rwajuririwe rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku kirego cyihutirwa kandi ku rwego rwa mbere, rukaba rero rwaragombaga kujuririrwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire hatitawe ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa; ndetse n’ibihe byo kujurira bikaba byarubahirijwe kuko kopi y’urubanza rujuririrwa yashyizwe muri IECMS ku wa 20/05/2025, Baho International Hospital Ltd ijurira ku wa 22/05/2025. Urukiko mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi rwemeje ko inzitizi nta shingiro zifiite. Ku bijyanye n’urubanza mu mizi, Bushishi avuga ko ubujurire bwa Baho Intenational Hospital Ltd nta shingiro bufite, kuko nta kimenyetso itanga kigaragaza ko aramutse yishyuwe amafaranga y’indishyi yatsindiye hanyuma imikirize y’urubanza igahinduka, atabasha kuyasubiza. Urukiko mu rubanza RSA/SCP/RSOC00001/2025/CA rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Baho Intenational Hospital Ltd nta shingiro bufite kuko itabasha kugaragaza ubwihutire kandi ntigaragaze ko yishyuye indishyi yaciwe mu rubanza asaba ko rutarangizwa, uwazihawe atabasha gusubiza amafaranga yaba yahawe. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. umucamanza uburanisha ibirego bisaba guhagarika irangizarubanza by’agateganyo abikora yubahiriza imihango ijyanye n’ibirego byihutirwa. Bityo, icyo kirego gishobora gutangwa mu rukiko ruburanisha ubujurire busanzwe (appel comme voie de recours ordinaire) igihe urukiko rwa mbere rwemeje irangizwa ry’urubanza ry’agateganyo, cyangwa imbere y’urukiko ruburanisha ikirego cyo gutambamira urubanza rw’abandi, ndetse n’imbere y’Urukiko ruburanisha ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya, ni ukuvuga mu gihe urubanza rujuririrwa mu nzira idasanzwe rwabaye itegeko. 2.Ibirego byihutirwa bigomba kuba byujuje nibura ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi, ari byo: gukorwa mu buryo bwihuse cyane kugira ngo bigire icyo biramira ku buryo bitinze haba igihombo kitagira igaruriro; no kuba icyemezo kigomba kuba ari icy’agateganyo. 3. Nta kintu gifatika kibaho gishingirwaho hemezwa ko hari ubwihutire ku bintu runaka, ahubwo bigenwa mu bushishozi bw’umucamanza bitewe n’imiterere y’urubanza afite. Bityo, umuburanyi usaba mu kirego kihutirwa ko irangiza rubanza riba rihagaze ku bijyanye n’indishyi yaciwe mu rubanza yasubirishijemo

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ingingo nshya, nyamara atagaragza ko izo ndishyi nazishyura, atazazisubizwa mu gihe yatsinze urubanza yasubirishijemo ingingo nshya, nta bwihutirwe buba burimo. 4. Nta cyabuza Urukiko gushingira ku mirongo yatanzwe mu zindi manza nubwo yaba ishingiye ku Itegeko ryavuyeho, ipfa kuba ibisobanuro bitangwamo bihuje kamere (nature) n’ikibazo Urukiko ruri gusuzuma. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo, n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 173, 185 na 239 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RCOMA00001/2023/CA, haburana Home Basket Sacco Kimironko na Mwiseneza Maurice, Munyaneza Aimable na Niringiyimana Béatrice rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ubujurire ku wa 14/04/2023. igika cya 21 n’icya 22 Urubanza RC0005/15/CS, haburana Karangwa V Mukasharangabo N’abandi, RLR V.2 -2016 Urubanza RC0001/2018/SC, haburana Buregeya n’abandi v. Nyirafundi, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 23/02/2018 Urubanza. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Bushishi Blaise Pascal yakoreye Baho International Hospital Ltd bari bafitanye amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kizwi yagombaga kumara imyaka itanu (5), ahereye ku wa 04/04/2022. Bigeze ku wa 14/06/2022, ubuyobozi bwa Baho International Hospital Ltd bwashyikirije Bushishi Blaise Pascal ibaruwa imumenyesha iseswa ry’amasezerano y’igeragezwa ku murimo, ku mpamvu y’uko bwamukoreye isuzumabushobozi bugasanga adakora inshingano ze uko bikwiye. [2] Ibyo byatumye Bushishi Blaise Pascal atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, asaba ko Baho International Hospital Ltd itegekwa kumwishyura imishahara y’amezi 3 (Mata, Gicurasi, Kamena) y’umwaka wa 2022, imishahara yari guhembwa mu gihe cyari gisigaye ngo amasezerano arangire, kumuha icyemezo cy’imirimo yakoze gikosoye, n’indishyi zinyuranye. Mu kirego cye Bushishi Blaise Pascal yasobanuye ko yirukanywe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kuko raporo y’isuzumabushobozi yashingiweho atazi igihe yakorewe kandi umukoresha we akaba atarigeze ayimwereka kugira ngo nawe ayishyireho umukono. [3] Uhagarariye Baho International Hospital Ltd yireguye avuga ko icyo kirego nta shingiro gifite, asobanura ko hashingiwe ku masezerano y’akazi Bushishi Blaise Pascal yagiranye na Baho International Hospital Ltd yagombaga guhera ku wa 04/04/2022, yagombaga gukora nka senior customer care ariko bikaba bitarashobotse kuko ibitaro byahise bifungwa byongera gufungura ku wa 17/05/2022, bimaze guhabwa uburenganzira na Minisitiri w’Ubuzima mu ibaruwa n˚ 20/2593/CPHSP/PHF/2022 yo ku wa 13/05/2022; hanyuma ku wa 14/06/2022 amasezerano y’akazi ya Bushishi Blaise Pascal araseswa hashingiwe ku ngingo yayo ya 13, agace ka 6 yateganyaga ko amasezerano ashobora guseswa nta nteguza mu gihe nta musaruro wabonetse (poor performance), kuko yakorewe isuzumabushobozi bagasanga ataratanze umusaruro yari yitezweho; bityo rero akaba yarirukanywe ku kazi mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [4] Mu rubanza RSOC00353/2022/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 14/12/2023, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Bushishi Blaise Pascal gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe ; rutegeka Baho

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International Hospital Ltd kumwishyura 1.350.000Frw y’imishahara itamwishyuye,700.000Frw akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, na 20.000Frw y’amagarama yatanze arega. [5] Ababuranyi bombi bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Baho International Hospital Ltd igamije kugaragaza ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwirengagije gusuzuma ingingo irebana n’inzira y’ubukemurampaka ababuranyi bari bariyemeje gukoresha mu gihe bagiranye ibibazo, runagenera Bushishi Blaise Pascal amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 66 y’Itegeko N˚ 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda; naho Bushishi Blaise Pascal ajurira anenga Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo kuba rutaramugeneye amafaranga y’imishahara yari guhembwa mu gihe cy’amezi 57 cyari gisigaye kugira ngo amasezerano ye y’akazi arangire; mu bujurire bwe anasaba guhabwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Ubujurire bwa Baho International Hospital Ltd bwanditswe kuri RSOCA00370/2023/HC/KIG naho ubwa Bushishi Blaise Pascal bwandikwa kuri RSOCA 00008/2024/HC/KIG, imanza zombi zihurizwa mu rubanza rumwe. [6] Mu rubanza RSOCA00370/2023/HC/KIG - CMB RSOCA 00008/2024/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 27/12/2024, rwemeje ko Baho International Hospital Ltd yasheshe amasezerano y’akazi ya Bushishi Blaise Pascal mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ruyitegeka kubimuhera indishyi zingana na 1.350.000Frw, 400.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza kuri urwo rwego rw’bujurire, yiyongera kuri 1.350.000Frw y’imishahara itamwishyuye, 700.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, 20.000Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama yagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere, ikanamusubiza 40.000Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze ajurira. [7] Urwo rubanza Baho International Hospital Ltd yasabye kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya, ikirego cyayo cyandikwa kuri RSOCA00014/2025/HC/KIG. [8] Mu gihe urwo rubanza RSOCA00014/2025/HC/KIG rwari rutaraburanishwa, Baho International Hospital Ltd yatanze ikirego cyihutirwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, isaba guhagarika irangizwa ry’urubanza RSOCA00370/2023/HC/KIG - CMB RSOCA00008/2024/HC/KIG, ishingiye ku mpamvu y’uko Bushishi Blaise Pascal aramutse yishyuwe amafaranga y’indishyi yatsindiye, atazashobora kuyiyasubiza mu gihe yaba atsinzwe urubanza rwo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya. [9] Bushishi Blaise Pascal yireguye kuri icyo kirego avuga ko gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya bidahagarika irangizwa ryarwo, bityo ikirego cya Baho International Hospital Ltd kikaba kigamije kudindiza irangizwa ry’urubanza yatsinze. [10] Mu rubanza RSOC00002/2025/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuri icyo kirego cyihutirwa ku wa 14/05/2025, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko nta shingiro gifite kuko nta bwihutire Baho International Hospital Ltd yagaragaje. [11] Baho International Hospital Ltd yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ivuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje kutakira ikirego cyayo rushingiye ku kuba nta bwihutire bwagaragajwe, rwirengagije impamvu yatanze zerekana ko indishyi yategetswe kwishyura Bushishi Blaise Pascal ziramutse zivanyweho (mu rubanza rwo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya) kandi yaramaze kuzihabwa byagorana ko asubiza amafaranga yaba yarishyuwe, kandi bikagira ingaruka ku rubanza rw’iremezo. [12] Mbere yo kwiregura kuri iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire, Bushishi Blaise Pascal yatanze inzitizi zigamije gusaba Urukiko kutakira ubujurire bwa Baho International Hospital Ltd, ashingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira : Kuba urubanza rwajuririwe rwaratangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo kandi amafaranga Baho International Hospital Ltd Yategetswe kwishyura (3.860.000Frw) atagera nibura kuri 75.000.000 Frw, bityo ubujurire bwayo bukaba butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko ;

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Kuba urubanza rwajuririwe ari ikirego cyihutirwa gishamikiye ku rubanza rw’iremezo rusaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RSOCA00370/2023/HC/KIG - CMB RSOCA00008/2024/HC/KIG, kandi bene ibyo birego bikaba bitajuririrwa, bityo rero n’ikirego cyihutirwa kigishamikiyeho kikaba kitajuririrwa ; Kuba ubujurire bwa Baho International Hospital Ltd bwaratanzwe impitagihe. [13] Ku bijyanye n’ubujurire nyir’izina, Bushishi Blaise Pascal avuga ko nta shingiro bufite, kuko nta kimenyetso Baho Intenational Hospital Ltd yatanze kigaragaza ko aramutse yishyuwe amafaranga y’indishyi yatsindiye hanyuma imikirize y’urubanza igahinduka, atabasha kuyasubiza. [14] Ku bijyanye n’inzitizi zavuzwe haruguru, uhagarariye Baho International Hospital Ltd avuga ko nta shingiro zifite, kuko urubanza rwajuririwe rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku kirego cyihutirwa kandi ku rwego rwa mbere, rukaba rero rwaragombaga kujuririrwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire hatitawe ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa ; ndetse n’ibihe byo kujurira bikaba byarubahirijwe kuko kopi y’urubanza rujuririrwa yashyizwe muri IECMS ku wa 20/05/2025, Baho International Hospital Ltd ijurira ku wa 22/05/2025. [15] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 10/11/2025, Baho International Hospital Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Nemeyabahizi Jean Paul, naho Bushishi Blaise Pascal yunganiwe na Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney. Urukiko rubanza gusuzuma inzitizi zavuzwe haruguru, mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi rwaciwe ku wa 19/11/2025 rwemeza ko nta shingiro zifite. [16] Iburanisha ryakomeje ku wa 26/11/2025, Baho International Hospital Ltd ihagarariwe mu buryo bumwe n’ubwavuzwe haruguru, naho Bushishi Blaise Pascal ahagarariwe na Me Nduwamungu Jean Vianney, hasuzumwa impamvu Baho International Hospital Ltd ishingiraho ubujurire bwayo. [17] Nyuma y’impaka zagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba impamvu Baho International Hospital Ltd ishingiraho ikirego cyayo, ijyanye no kuba mu gihe indishyi yategetswe kwishyura Bushishi Blaise Pascal zavanwaho mu rubanza rwo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya kandi yaramaze kuzihabwa byagorana ko asubiza amafaranga yaba yarishyuwe, ifite ishingiro. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba impamvu Baho International Hospital Ltd ishingiraho ikirego cyayo gisaba gukagarika irangizwa ry’urubanza RSOCA00370/2023/HC/KIG - CMB RSOCA00008/2024/HC/KIG yasabye ko rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya, ifite ishingiro. [18] Me Nemeyabahizi Jean Paul uhagarariye Baho International Hospital Ltd avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ikirego cyayo nta shingiro gifite rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko nta bwihutire bwagaragajwe, rwirengagije ko urubanza yasabye ko rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya ruramutse rurangijwe akishyurwa amafaranga y’indishyi yatsindiye, hanyuma imikirize y’urubanza igahinduka izo ndishyi zikavanwaho, byagira ingaruka ku rubanza rw’iremezo kuko Bushishi Blaise Pascal atashobora gusubiza ayo mafaranga. Avuga ko ibi abishingira ku kuba Bushishi Blaise Pascal nta kazi afite kuko atagikorera Baho International Hospital Ltd, kandi ko iyo umuntu adafite akazi akabona amafaranga ahita ayikenuza. [19] Akomeza asobanura ko n’ubwo ikirego gisaba guhagarika irangizwa ry’urubanza rwavuzwe haruguru cyatanzwe mu buryo bw’ikirego cyihutirwa, Urukiko Rukuru rutagombaga gusuzuma ibijyanye n’ubwihutire kuko ingingo ya 173 y’Itegeko N˚ 22/2018 idateganya uburyo bene ibyo birego bitangwa, kandi ko n’ubundi urubanza rwasabiwe gusubirwamo ruba rwarabaye itegeko. [20] Uhagarariye Bushishi Blaise Pascal avuga ko ubujurire bwa Baho International Hospital nta shingiro bufite, kuko itagaragaza inenge ziri mu rubanza yajuririye n’uburyo zakosorwa, kandi ikaba nta bimenyetso

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bifatika ishingiraho ivuga ko uwo ahagarariye yaba ari umutindi nyakujya ku buryo atashobora kuyisubiza amafaranga yaba yarishyuwe mu gihe urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya rwaba ruhinduwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [21] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga kwemeza ko ikirego cya Baho International Hospital Ltd gisaba guhagarika irangizwa ry’urubanza RSOCA00370/2023/HC/KIG - CMB RSOCA 00008/2024/HC/KIG nta shingiro gifite rushingiye ku kuba nta bwihutire bagaragajwe, ko ahubwo rwagombaga gusuzuma impamvu icyo kirego gishingiyeho, ijyanye no kuba BUSHISHI Blaise Pascal aramutse yishyuwe amafaranga y’indishyi yatsindiye hanyuma izo ndishyi zikavanwaho mu rubanza rwo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya, byagira ingaruka ku rubanza rw’iremezo kuko atashobora kuyasubiza, kandi rukemeza ko iyo mpamvu ifite ishingiro. [22] Ingingo ya 173 y’Itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo, n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya bitarubuza kurangizwa, keretse iyo iryo rangizwa ryahagaritswe n’urukiko rwaregewe gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya. [23] Iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko ihame ari uko kuba umuburanyi watsinzwe urubanza yatanze ikirego gisaba kurusubirishamo ingigo nshya bitabuza ko rurangizwa, ariko ko irangizwa ryarwo rishobora guhagarikwa byemejwe n’Urukiko rusuzuma icyo kirego cyo kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya. [24] Ingingo ya 185, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko iyo hari ikirego cy’iremezo, ariko hagomba kugira icyemezwa by’agateganyo mu buryo bwihuta ku rubanza rwaregewe urukiko rutaraburanishwa, ikirego cyihutirwa gishyikirizwa umucamanza ushinzwe kurangiza impaka zihutirwa w’aho zigomba gukemurirwa hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe bw’ihamagara; naho ingingo ya 239 nayo y’iryo tegeko igateganya ko ikirego gisaba guhagarika irangizarubanza by'agateganyo mu rukiko rwajuririwe gitangwa kandi kikaburanishwa mu bihe biteganywa ku kirego cyihutirwa. [25] Mu rubanza RC0005/15/CS1 rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 26/06/2015, mu gika cya 17 n’icya 18 Urukiko rwasobanuye ko hashingiwe ku byateganywaga mu ngingo ya 214, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko N°21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ryakurikizwaga ubwo urwo rubanza rwacibwaga, ko umucamanza uburanisha ibirego bisaba guhagarika irangizarubanza by’agateganyo abikora yubahiriza imihango ijyanye n’ibirego byihutirwa, nta gushidikanya ko ikirego gisaba guhagakarika irangizarubanza by’agateganyo ari ikirego kiburanishwa hakurikijwe imihango ijyanye n’iburanisha ry’ibirego byihutirwa, bisobanuye ko Umushingamategeko yashatse ko bene ibyo birego biba ibirego byihutirwa. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kandi rwasobanuye ko icyo kirego gishobora gutangwa mu rukiko ruburanisha ubujurire busanzwe (appel comme voie de recours ordinaire) igihe urukiko rwa mbere rwemeje irangizwa ry’urubanza ry’agateganyo, cyangwa imbere y’urukiko ruburanisha ikirego cyo gutambamira urubanza rw’abandi, ndetse n’imbere y’Urukiko ruburanisha ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya, ni ukuvuga mu gihe urubanza rujuririrwa mu nzira idasanzwe (voies de recours extraordinaires: la tierce opposition et le recours en révision) rwabaye itegeko. [26] Mu rundi rubanza RC0001/2018/SC narwo rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 23/02/2018 haburana Buregeya n’abandi v. Nyirafundi, aho Buregeya yari yatanze ikirego cyihutirwa gisaba guhagarika by’agateganyo irangiza y’urubanza RCAA0036/14/CS rwasubirishijwemo ingingo nshya, mu gika cya 17 n’icya 18 Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko ibirego byihutirwa bigomba kuba byujuje nibura ibintu bibiri

1Reba urubanza RC0005/15/CS, Karangwa V Mukasharangabo N’abandi, RLR V.2 -2016.

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by’ingenzi, ari byo: gukorwa mu buryo bwihuse cyane kugira ngo bigire icyo biramira ku buryo bitinze haba igihombo kitagira igaruriro; no kuba icyemezo kigomba kuba ari icy’agateganyo. Urukiko kandi rwasobanuye ko Umushingamategeko w’u Rwanda atarondoye ibibazo bifatwa nk’ibirimo ubwihutire, ariko ko hashingiwe ku bisobanuro by’abahanga2 mu mategeko, nta kintu gifatika kibaho gishingirwaho hemezwa ko hari ubwihutire ku bintu runaka, ko ahubwo bigenwa mu bushishozi bw’umucamanza bitewe n’imiterere y’urubanza afite. Maze rwemeza ko ikirego cya Buregeya nta shingiro gifite kuko rwasanze gishingiye ku mpungenge afite z’uko aramutse atsinze urubanza rw’iremezo atabona ubwishyu, nyamara iyi ikaba atari impamvu yihutirwa yatuma urubanza yasubirishijemo rutarangizwa kuko ibyo avuga ko uwo baburana ari umukene bitafatwa nk’impamvu yatuma agira igihombo kidasubirwaho cyane cyane ko atashoboye kubigaragariza Urukiko (igika cya 20). [27] Ibimaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki byanagarutsweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RCOMA 00001/2023/CA3 rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2023 Home Basket Sacco Kimironko iburana na Mwiseneza Maurice, Munyaneza Aimable na Niringiyimana Béatrice. Mu gika cya 21 n’icya 22 by’urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanye ko Home Basket Sacco Kimironko itagaragaje ibimenyetso by’uko abo irega badafite ubushobozi bwo gusubiza amafaranga baba bishyuwe mu gihe baramuka batsinzwe urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya, ndetse ko nta n’impamvu zihutirwa yagaragaje zerekana ko hari icyo yifuza kuramira mu buryo bwihuse ku buryo bidakozwe byayitera igihombo kidasubirwaho. [28] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Baho International Hospital Ltd nayo yatanze ikirego cyihutirwa isaba guhagarika irangizwa ry’urubanza RSOCA00370/2023/HC/KIG - CMB RSOCA00008/2024/HC/KIG yaburanye na Bushishi Blaise Pascal uyu akarutsindiramo indishyi, mu gihe hategerejwe icyemezo cy’Urukiko ku kirego cy’ireemzo yatanze isubirishamo urwo rubanza ingingo nshya. [29] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta cyabuza ko imirongo yavuzwe haruguru yatanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu manza RC0005/15/CS (mu gika cya na RC0001/2018/SC (mu bika bya 17 na 18) ishingirwaho mu gusuzuma impaka ziri hagari y’ababuranyi muri uru rubanza, kuko n’ubwo iyo mirongo yafashwe hasobanurwa ingingo z’Itegeko N°21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ryakurikizwaga ubwo zacibwaga, ibisobanuro byazitanzwemo bihuje na kamere (nature) y’ikirego cyatanzwe na Baho International Hospital Ltd gisuzumwa muri uru rubanza, kuko ibyo isaba byumvikanisha ko kugira ngo hemezwe ko irangizwa ry’urubanza yasabye ko rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya riba rihagaze, mu gihe ubundi ihame ari uko ruba rugomba kurangizwa, ari ngombwa ko igaragaza ko ruhise rurangizwa byayitera igihombo gikomeye kandi kidasubirwaho, ni ukuvuga ko byayononera ku buryo ibintu bitazabasha gusubizwa mu buryo, bityo ikaba itakwihanganira gutegereza ko urubanza rw’iremezo (ku ngingo nshya) ruzacibwa. Ikindi kandi icyemezo isaba ko gifatwa kikaba ari icy’agateganyo. [30] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, no ku ngingo ya 173 n’iya 239 zavuzwe haruguru, z’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ikirego cya Habo International Hospital Ltd ari ikirego cyihutirwa kigomba gusuzumwa hubahirizwa imihango ijyanye n’ibirego byihutirwa, mu bigomba gusuzumwa hakaba harimo ubwihutire butuma urubanza RSOCA00370/2023/HC/KIG - CMB RSOCA00008/2024/HC/KIG ruhise rurangizwa byayitera igihombo kidasubirwaho ku buryo kitazashobora gusubiranywa igihe yaramuka itsinze urubanza rw’iremezo.

2Urukiko rwashingiye ku bisobanuro byatanzwe na Serge Guinchard et alii, Procédure civile, 4ème Edition, Dalloz, 2015, P. 160 (L’urgence est une notion floue qui ne répond pas à des critères précis. Elle s’apprécie in concreto et suppose une évaluation des intérêts en présence. C’est une notion de fait dont l’appréciation relève du pouvoir souverain des juges de fond, ou plutôt en l’espèce des juges du provisoire). 3 Muri urwo rubanza Home Basket Sacco Kimironko yari yatanze ikirego cyihutirwa mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi isaba guhagarika by’agateganyo irangizwa ry’urubanza N°RCOMA 00817/2021/HCC yasabye gusubirishamo ingingo nshya, ishingiye ku mpamvu y’uko urwo rubanza ruramutse ruhinduwe abaregwa baramaze kwishyurwa, batashobora gusubiza Home Basket Sacco Kimironko amafaranga baba bishyuwe maze bikazayishora mu manza zidashira.

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[31] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi impamvu Baho International Hospital Ltd ishingiraho isaba guhagarika irangizarubanza by’agateganyo ari impungenge ifite z’uko mu gihe urubanza yasabye gusubirishamo ingingo nshya rwahinduka indishyi Bushishi Blaise Pascal yagenewe zikavanwaho kandi yaramaze kuzimwishyura atabona amafaranga yo kuyisubiza, ariko hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RC0001/2018/SC rwavuzwe haruguru rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga (mu gika cya 20), ukanagarukwaho mu rubanza RCOMA00001/2023/CA narwo rwavuzwe haruguru rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire (mu bika bya 21 na 22), iyi ikaba itafatwa nk’impamvu yatuma urubanza RSOCA00370/2023/HC/KIG - CMB RSOCA 00008/2024/HC/KIG rutarangizwa, kuko uretse kuvuga ko Bushishi Blaise Pascal adafite akazi kuko atakiyikorera, nta bimenyetso bifatika itanga bigaragaza ko koko Bushishi Blaise Pascal nta bundi bushobozi afite bwatuma ashobora kuyisubiza ayo mafaranga ku buryo byayitera igihombo kidasubirwaho, kitazashobora gusubiranywa. Mu kirego cyayo Baho International Hospital Ltd ntigaragaza icyo yifuza kuramira mu buryo bwihuse ku buryo urubanza rurangijwe byayitera igihombo kidasubirwaho. [32] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe mu bika bibanziriza iki, ubujurire bwa Baho International Hospital Ltd nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [33] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Baho International Hospital Ltd nta shingiro bufite. [34] Rwemeje ko urubanza RSOC00002/2025/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 14/05/2025 rudahindutse. [35] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama Baho International Hospital Ltd yatanze ijurira ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.