UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BAKABAHIZI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BAKABAHIZI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-10-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA00521/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BAKABAHIZI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00521/2025/CA (Mukandamage, P.J.) 24 Ukwakira 2025] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha – Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose, iyo byagiweho impaka bishobora gushingirwaho mu kwemeza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha, kandi urukiko nirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa cyangwa ntibyemerwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Bakabahizi yarezwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’umuhungu w’imyaka 15, aho yaburanye yemera icyaha avuga ko yabutewe n’inzoga yari yanyoye. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze bumusabira guhamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, agahanishwa ighano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye bishinja Uregwa, rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza ahakana icyaha, avuga ko yemera ko yagiye mu rugo rw’abandi atabyemerewe, asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano ndetse kigasubikwa. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ubu bujurire bwe, buvuga ko Uregwa yaburanye ku rwego rwa mbere yemera icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, ko hari ibimenyetso bimushinja akaba atabivuguruza, asaba ko hagumishwaho imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza RPA00139/2022/HC/NYZ rwemeza ko Uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 yahawe gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, kandi kitasubikwa. Uregwa yajuririye muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana kandi ntacyo yakoze, agasaba kugirwa umwere kuko ibimenyetso byashingiweho bishidikanywaho. Asobanura ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana rushingiye ku mvugo ye yo kwemera icyaha mu Bushinjacyaha no mu Rukiko ku rwego rwa mbere aho yemeye icyaha, kandi yaracyemeye ashyizweho igitutu na se w’umwana n’abatangabuhamya. Avuga kandi ko ibyo yashyizeho umukono atabyemera kubera ko yabikoze atabisomye kuko atazi gusoma no kwandika. Ikindi ngo ni uko yajyaga ahabwa akazi n’iwabo w’umwana, nyina amugerekaho icyo cyaha kuko yamwambuye amafaranga yitwaje ko ari umugore w’umusirikare. Bityo, akaba asaba ko yagirwa umwere kuko ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’urukiko rwabanje rumuhamya icyaha bishidikanywaho. Muri ubu bujurire, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bw’Uregwa nta shingiro bufite, kuko yemeye icyaha mu Bushinjacyaha ndetse no mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye asobanura uburyo yagikoze, ko ibyo avuga ko yatewe ubwoba yabivuze nyuma ageze mu Rukiko Rukuru, ngo icyo yemera ari uko yageze mu rugo iwabo w’uwo mwana, ibyo byose akaba abikora agamije guhunga icyo cyaha yakoze. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose, iyo byagiweho impaka bishobora gushingirwaho mu kwemeza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha, kandi urukiko nirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa cyangwa ntibyemerwe. Bityo, ibimenyetso bitandukanye byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru muguhamya Bakabahizi icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 15, birimo imvugo ye yemera icyaha, imvugo z’umwana wahohotewe n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya ari ibimenyetso bigaragaza nta gushidikanya ko yasambanyije umwana. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, ingingo ya 87. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA01283/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayizeye rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025. RPAA00101/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Kabayiza Gaspard rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/03/2025. RPAA00607/2022/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimyiryayo Ange rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/03/2023. RPAA00692/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascene rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] BAKABAHIZI Christine yacyetsweho ko mu ijoro ryo ku wa 22/12/2021 yasambanyije umwana w’umuhungu witwa R.Y.1 w’imyaka 15 y’amavuko, bivugwa ko bahuye avuye aho nyina acururiza, amusaba 500Frw yo kugura ikigage umwana amubwira ko ntayo afite, amusaba amazi yo kunywa, hanyuma yinjiye mu rugo ngo ayamuhe, amusanga mu nzu amusaba ko bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina, amuhakaniye abikora ku ngufu. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Bakabahizi Christine mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20. [3] Bakabahizi Christine yaburanye yemera icyaha, avuga ko yasambanyije umwana abitewe nuko yari yanyoye inzoga yasinze, asaba imbabazi. [4] Mu rubanza RP00002/2022/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe ku wa 07/01/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko BakabahizI Christine yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, birimo kuba yemera icyaha, imvugo za Ayinkamiye Grâce nyina w’umwana watanze ikirego, ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Byumvuhore Alexis, ubwa Munyantore Jean Damascène, hamwe na raporo ya Mungaga, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20. [5] Bakabahizi Christine yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza ahakana icyaha, avuga ko yemera ko yagiye mu rugo rw’abandi atabyemerewe, asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano ndetse kigasubikwa. Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko Bakabahizi Christine yaburanye ku rwego rwa mbere yemera icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, ko hari ibimenyetso bimushinja akaba atabivuguruza, asaba ko hagumishwaho imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [6] Mu rubanza RPA00139/2022/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2025, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasanze ubujurire bwa Bakabahizi Christine nta shingiro bufite, kuko ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe bimuhamya icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 yahawe gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, kandi kitasubikwa.

1Amazina arahinwe kubera kamere y’icyaha n’imyaka y’uwahohotewe.

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[7] Bakabahizi Christine yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA00521/2025/CA. Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 08/10/2025, Bakabahizi Christine yunganiwe na Me Munyansanga Amina Gisèle, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habineza Jean Damascène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Bakabahizi Christine avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana kandi ntacyo yakoze, agasaba kugirwa umwere kuko ibimenyetso byashingiweho bishidikanywaho. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza bimuhamya icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana ku buryo budashidikanywaho. [9] Muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Bakabahizi Christine yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. II. ISESENGURWA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Bakabahizi Christine yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho [10] Bakabahizi Christine na Me Munyansanga Amina Gisèle umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana rushingiye ku mvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Rukiko ku rwego rwa mbere aho yemeye icyaha, kandi yaracyemeye ashyizweho igitutu na se w’umwana n’abatangabuhamya. Bavuga kandi ko ibyo yashyizeho umukono atabyemera kubera ko yabikoze atabisomye kuko atazi gusoma no kwandika. [11] Bakabahizi Christine na Me Munyansanga Amina Gisèle umwunganira bavuga ko atari gukora icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, kubera ko iwabo bamuhaga akazi abakorera, ko ahubwo nyina w’umwana yamugeretseho icyaha kuko yamwambuye amafaranga yitwaje ko ari umugore w’umusirikare. Basanga rero hashingiwe ku rubanza RPAA00607/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/03/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimyiryayo Ange wemeye icyaha ubundi akagihakana, akagirwa umwere, na Bakabahizi Christine, n’ubwo hari aho yemeye icyaha, bitashingirwaho hemezwa ko yakoze icyaha. Banzura bavuga ko ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’urukiko rwabanje rumuhamya icyaha bishidikanywaho, akaba agomba kugirwa umwere. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko mu Bugenzacyaha Bakabahizi Christine atemeye icyaha, ko yacyemeye ageze mu Bushinjacyaha no mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe asobanura uburyo yagikoze. Avuga kandi ko ibyo Bakabahizi Christine avuga ko yemeye icyaha aregwa kubera guterwa ubwoba yabivuze nyuma, ageze mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko icyo yemera ari uko yageze mu rugo iwabo w’uwo mwana, ibyo byose akaba abikora agamije guhunga yakoze. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Bakabahizi Christine yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’umuhungu w’imyaka 15 y’amavuko hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. [14] Kubyerekeranye n’ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, mu rubanza RPAA00692/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène, hasesenguwe ingingo ya 119 y’Itegeko N°

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15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo2, harebwe cyane cyane ku mwihariko w’imanza nshinjabyaha, maze urukiko rusobanura ko mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye3 ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi ko Urukiko arirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Iri hame ryashingiweho mu zindi manza zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru rukiko, harimo n’urubanza RPAA01283/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayizeye. [15] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje, Bakabahizi Christine yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’umuhungu w’imyaka 15 y’amavuko hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bikurikira: a) imvugo ze mu Bushinjacyaha, aho yemeye ko yasambanyije umwana amusanze iwabo, akamusambanyiriza mu ruganiriro akoresheje agakingirizo kazanywe n’umwana; b) imvugo za Ayinkamiye Grâce nyina w’umwana, wavuze ko ubwo yari mu kazi yatumye umukozi umufasha mu kazi kujya kureba R. I. mu rugo, agaruka amubwira ko abonye Bakabahizi Christine ari gusambanya umwana, ahita ajya kureba, agezeyo asanga yagiye amutumaho, ahageze ahakana ko yahageze, ariko umwana yemeza ko yahageze akamusaba amazi yayamuzanira agasanga yicaye mu ruganiriro akayanga, ahubwo akamubwira ko ashaka ko basambana, umwana yabyanga akabikora ku mbaraga abanje kumucira ikoti; c) ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Byumvuhore Alexis wavuze ko yasize Bakabahizi Christine mu rugo agarutse arebera mu idirishya abona bari mu nzu mu ruganiriro, umwana boxer iri mu ivi, Bakabahizi Christine ari hasi, ahita ajya guhuruza. Yavuze ko mu baje bahuruye harimo Eliyabu w’umugoronome, David, Jackson na Munyantore w’umushoferi bahageze basanga aragiye bahita bamugarura; d) ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Munyantore Jean Damascène wavuze ko bahurujwe na Alexis avuga ko umwana R. I. asambanyijwe na Cyuki (Bakabahizi Christine), bahageze bababajije niba koko ibyo bintu byabayeho barabyemera; e) raporo zo ku wa 24/12/2021 zakozwe na Dr Simbi Sangwa Léandre wo ku bitaro bya Munini zigaragaza ko Bakabahizi Christine abana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA, naho umwana nta kibazo afite. [16] Mu mvugo y’umwana mu Bugenzacyaha, yavuze ko yavuye aho nyina acururiza saa mbiri z’ijoro ahura na Bakabahizi Christine bajyana mu rugo, amusaba ibiceri byo kugura inzoga, amubwira ko ntabyo afite, ariko ko mu rugo hari amazi, amusubiza ko atayanywa, ko ahubwo baryamana, amwangiye amukubita urushyi, amukurura ikoti riracika, aramusunika agwa ku gikuta ari nako amukuramo ipantaro aramusambanya, hanyuma Alexis yinjiye arikanga ahita amuvaho. [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo Bakabahizi Christine avuga ko yemeye icyaha kubera igitutu yashyizweho n’ababyeyi b’umwana n’abatangabuhamya nta shingiro bifite, kuko mu Bugenzacyaha yaragihakanye, acyemera mu Bushinjacyaha no mu Rukiko aburana ku rwego rwa mbere, asobanura n’uko yagikoze asaba imbabazi, ariko nta kimenyetso atanga kigaragaza uburyo aho hombi yemereye icyaha yabikoze abihatiwe, cyane cyane ko yari yabanje kugihakana agitangira gukurikiranwa. [18] Ku birebana n’ibyo Bakabahizi Christine avuga ko atazi gusoma no kwandika, ko rero inyandiko yashyizeho umukono aho yemeye icyaha atazemera, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, haba mu Bushinjacyaha cyangwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe atarigeze agaragaza iyo

2Iyo ngingo ihura n’ingingo ya 87 y’Itegeko Nº 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso. 3“Principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale”.

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mpungenge, maze ngo bange kumusomera ibyo yahavugiye, ntabwo rero byaba impamvu yo gutesha agaciro imvugo ze. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga na none ibyo Bakabahizi Christine avuga ko nyina w’umwana yamubeshyeye kuko yamwambuye amafaranga amubereyemo yitwaje ko ari umugore w’umusirikare nta shingiro bifite, kuko nta kimenyetso agaragagaza cy’uko koko yari amurimo umwenda, cyane cyane ko nawe yemeye icyaha nta gahato nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. [20] Ku birebana n’urubanza RPAA00607/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/03/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimyiryayo Ange, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rutashingirwaho ngo hemezwe ko Bakabahizi Christine ari umwere, kubera ko ibyaha bikurikiranwe n’Ubushinjacyha muri izo manza zombi bitandukanye, kandi kuri Nshimyiryayo Ange waregwaga icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, urukiko rwasanze adahamwa n’icyo cyaha, ahubwo ahamwa n’icyo kubifatanwa no kubinywa, hanyuma rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 2, ntabwo rero yagizwe umwere. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza byagarutsweho haruguru bigizwe n’imvugo za Bakabahizi Christine yemera icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, imvugo z’umwana wahohotewe, iza nyina n’ubuhamya bw’abamufatiye mu cyuho, bigaragaza nta gushidikanya ko yasambanyije umwana, bityo ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ariko, nubwo ubujurire bwa Bakabahizi Christine nta shingiro bufite, kandi bikaba bigaragara ko yakoze icyaha cy’ubugome cyo gusambanya umwana w’umuhungu w’imyaka 15 y’amavuko we ari umugore mukuru w’imyaka 41 y’amavuko, kandi azi neza ko abana n’indwara idakira yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, igihano yahawe cy’imyaka 20 cyagabanywa kuko ni ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera ku buryo buzwi. [23] Mu kugabanyiriza igihano Bakabahizi Christine, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurashingira no ku zindi manza rwaciye, harimo urubanza RPAA00101/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 14/03/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kabayiza Gaspard wahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 15 y’amavuko we afite imyaka 36 y’amavuko, ariko kubera ko bwari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranwe mu butabera ku buryo buzwi yagabanyirijwe igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 17, bityo Bakabahizi Christine nawe akaba agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 17 nk’icyo Kabayiza Gaspard yahawe. [24] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero ubujurire bwatanzwe na Bakabahizi Christine nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugomba guhinduka gusa kubyerekeye igihano. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [25] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Bakabahizi Christine nta shingiro bufite. [26] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA00139/2022/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 29/04/2025 ruhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’igihano. [27] Rutegetse ko Bakabahizi Christine ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 17 ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 15 y’amavuko.