UBUSHINJACYAHA v BANGARYIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v BANGARYIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-09-19 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01370/2024/CA - Collection: High Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v BANGARYIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 01370/2024/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 19 Nzeri 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibiyobyabwenge – Gucuruza urumogi – Ibimenyetso bihamya ko umuntu acuruza urumogi - Ibimenyetso byashingirwaho birimo ubwinshi bw’urumogi umuntu yafatanywe, iminzani yabugenewe mu gupima, amasashe yifashishwa mu gupfunyikamo ibiyobyabwenge, amafaranga, ahakoreshwa nk’ububiko, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu ahafatiwe ibiyobyabwenge n’ abatangabuhamya bemeza ko uwo muntu acuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibimenyetso – Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose iyo byagiweho impaka bishobora gushingirwaho mu kwemeza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) kandi ibyo bimenyetso bishobora no kuba imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, urukiko rukaba arirwo rusuzuma niba ibyo bavuga byakwemerwa cyangwa ntibyemerwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 11/07/2021 Bangaryimana wacururizaga kuri Hotel imwe urumogi yaje gufatwa ubwo yari afite udupfunyika 80, hanafatwa uwitwa Hitimana yari aruzaniye. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rumukurikiranyeho icyaho cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Urukiko rwemeje ko Bangaryimana ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yahaniwe igikorwa cyo gucuruza urumogi kandi yaragaragaje ko urwo yafatanywe rutari urwo gucuruza, ko rwari urwo kunywa kuko yari yateranyije na bagenzi be, buri wese atanga amafaranga 5000 Frw bagura udupfunyika 80, barubazaniye aba ariwe ujya kurwakira ahita afatwa. Urukiko rwasanze ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite ariko rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. Bangaryimana kandi yongeye kujuririra icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, uru rukiko rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi hirengagijwe ko nta gikorwa kigize icyo cyaha yakoze. Ushinjwa avuga ko hatagaragajwe igikorwa kigize icyaha yakoze, nk’mafaranga yaguririshije urumogi, cyangwa uburyo yaba yari yiteguyemo gutanga urumogi yafatanwe hagashingirwa gusa ku ngano y’urumogi yari afite, urukiko rukaba rwarirengagije ko yari kurugabana n’abandi bantu umunani yari aruzaniye, rukaba rwari urwo kunywa. Ubushinjacyaha busobanura ko uregwa atagaragaza icyo anenga ku rubanza yajuririye kandi akaba atanavugruza ubuhamya bumushinja kuko ibyo avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe rwari urwo kunywa bitumvikana uburyo yanywa udupfunyika mirongo inani bityo akaba yarari kurucuruza nkuko asanzwe abikora. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ibimenyetso byashingirwaho birimo ubwinshi bw’urumogi umuntu yafatanywe, iminzani yabugenewe mu gupima, amasashe yifashishwa mu gupfunyikamo

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ibiyobyabwenge, amafaranga, ahakoreshwa nk’ububiko, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu ahafatiwe ibiyobyabwenge n’ abatangabuhamya bemeza ko uwo muntu acuruza ibiyobyabwenge; 2. Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose iyo byagiweho impaka bishobora gushingirwaho mu kwemeza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) kandi ibyo bimenyetso bishobora no kuba imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, urukiko rukaba arirwo rusuzuma niba ibyo bavuga byakwemerwa cyangwa ntibyemerwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00692/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023; RPAA 00139/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ntiwizerabo Nicodem, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/04/2025; RPAA 00408/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin alias Niyirema, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/06/2022; RPAA 00722/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Mushinzimana Jean Pierre, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/05/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 11/07/2021, Police yafashe uwitwa Bangaryimana Dieudonné, imufatana urumogi udupfunyika 80 yari agiye gucuruza muri hotel iherereye Gacuriro, urwo rumogi akaba yari yaruhishe mu ndabo hafi y’iyo hoteli ubwo yari ategereje Hitimana Gaël yari aruzaniye nawe wahise afatwa bamusangana udupfunyika 9 tw’urumogi. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Bangaryimana Dieudoné mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000 Frw. [3] Bangaryimana Dieudoné yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, avuga ko icyaha yemera ari icyo kunywa urumogi afatanyije na Hitimana Gaël kuko yafashwe arumuzaniye aruhawe n’umuntu atazi. [4] Mu rubanza No RP 01184/2021/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 28/04/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwemeje ko Bangaryimana Dieudoné ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Mu gufata icyemezo Urukiko rwashingiye ku nyandikomvugo z’abatangabuhamya Iradukunda Damars na Ntibazihwanye Eugѐne, inyandikomvugo ya Hitimana Gaël n’inyandikomvugo y’ifatira.

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[5] Bangaryimana Dieudoné yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yahaniwe igikorwa cyo gucuruza urumogi kandi yaragaragaje ko urwo yafatanywe rutari urwo gucuruza, ko rwari urwo kunywa kuko yari yateranyije na bagenzi be, buri wese atanga amafaranga 5000 Frw bagura udupfunyika 80, barubazaniye aba ariwe ujya kurwakira ahita afatwa kuko uwaruzanye yari yigendeye. Yasabye kurenganurwa agahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Bangaryimana Dieudonné nta shingiro igomba guhabwa kuko nubwo avuga ko urumogi yafatanywe atari urwe, agifatwa yemeye ko ari urwe, bihura n’uko hari amakuru y’uko asanzwe arucururiza kuri hoteli, ndetse n‘umutangabuhamya Hitimana Gaël yamushinje ko ari we umugurisha urwo anywa. Asaba ko yakomeza guhamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, ariko akaba yagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyo cyaha. [7] Mu rubanza No RPA 00991/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 20/11/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze nubwo Bangaryimana Dieudonné ahakana icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, ibimenyetso byose byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha byemeza ko yagikoze, ko ibyo bimenyetso ari ukuba yemera ko yarufatanywe, imvugo za Hitimana Gaël n’iz’abandi batangabuhamya bamushinja ko asanzwe aza gucuruza urumogi kuri Hoteli. Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. [8] Bangaryimana Dieudonné ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa Nº RPAA 01370/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 05/09/2025, Bangaryimana Dieudonné yunganiwe na Me Nyiramatama Bernadette, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habineza Jean Damascène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Bangaryimana Dieudonné n’umwunganira batanze impamvu z‘ubujurire zikurikira : a) Kuba yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi kandi nta gikorwa kigize icyo cyaha cyagaragajwe yafatiwemo; b) Kuba harashingiwe gusa ku kuba yarafatanywe ingano nini y’urumogi (udupfunyika 80); c) Kuba Urukiko mu kumuhamya icyaha rwarashingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho, nk’ubuhamya bwa Hitimana Gaël yatanze yirengera; d) Gusaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka kuko icyaha yakoze ari icyo gufatanwa urumogi atari icyo kurucuruza. 10. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko harebwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 183 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko ujurira agaragaza icyo anenga urubanza ajuririra kugira ngo bizakosorwe mu bujurire, asanga Bangaryimana Dieudonné atagaragaza icyo anenga ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’umucamanza mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ko nta bimenyetso bivuguruza ubuhamya bwashingiweho bumushinja ko asanzwe

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agurishiriza urumogi muri hoteli, uretse kuvuga ko atabwemera, akaba atanagaragaza uburyo urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 80 rwari urwo kunywa gusa. [10] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari icyo kumenya niba Bangaryimana Dieudonné yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi hirengagijwe ko nta gikorwa kigize icyo cyaha yakoze. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Bangaryimana Dieudonné yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi hirengagijwe ko nta gikorwa kigize icyo cyaha yakoze [11] Bangaryimana Dieudonné n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge hatagaragajwe igikorwa kigize icyaha yakoze, nka mafaranga yaguririshije urumogi, cyangwa uburyo yaba yari yiteguyemo gutanga urumogi yafatanwe. [12] Bakomeza bavuga ko kuba yaremeye ko yafatanywe urumogi rwinshi atari ikimenyetso cy’uko yarucuruzaga, kuko urwo rumogi bari kurusangira ari abantu 8 kubera ko bari bateranyije amafaranga yo kurugura, we akaba yarafashwe amaze kuruherezwa na Iradukunda wari urubazaniye aho bari bari kuri hoteli. Anavuga ko ubuhamya bwa Hitimana Gaël butari gushingirwaho, kuko yamushinje ko ari we wamugurishije udupfunyika 9 tw’urumogi yafatanywe mu buryo bwo kwirengera kubera ko ari we wabahaga urwo kunywa. Basaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka kuko icyaha yakoze ari icyo gufatanwa urumogi atari icyo kurucuruza. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Bangaryimana Dieudonné atagaragaza icyo anenga ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’umucamanza mu Rukiko Rukuru bihamya ko yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, ko atanagaragaza ibimenyetso bivuguruza ubuhamya bumushinja, imvugo ze mu Bushinjacyaha, cyangwa abe agaragaze uburyo urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 80 rwari urwo kunywa. Anavuga ko mu mvugo ze yagiye yivuguruza abanza guhakana icyaha ubundi akacyemera, akaba yaranahakanaga ko azi Hitimana Gaël, ariko imbere y’uru Rukiko avuga ko yari amuzi ari n’inshuti ye. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko ibyo Bangaryimana Dieudonné avuga ko nta gikorwa cyo kugurisha urumogi yafatiwemo nta shingiro bifite, kuko ibijyanye n’ibikorwa bimugira umucuruzi warwo byasobanuwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu gika cya 9 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, aho rugaragaza umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire usobanura neza ko umuntu atagirwa umucuruzi n’uko hari umuguzi bamusanganye nawe, ko ahubwo igihe cyose afite ibicuruzwa kandi yiteguye kubiha umuntu wese umugana ashaka ibyo agurisha, aba ari umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge, ariko mu bujurire bwe akaba ataragaragaje ko abinenga cyangwa ngo anatange ibimenyetso bibivuguruza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka mu rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba nta bimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru bihamya ko Bangaryimana Dieudonné yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, no kumenya niba ibyashingiweho yarabashije kubivuguruza.

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[16] Ibyerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza n° RPAA 00692/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/01/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose iyo byagiweho impaka bishobora gushingirwaho mu kwemeza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) kandi ibyo bimenyetso bishobora no kuba imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, urukiko rukaba arirwo rusuzuma niba ibyo bavuga byakwemerwa cyangwa ntibyemerwe. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe no mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka harimo n’urubanza Urubanza Nº RPAA 00139/2024/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntiwizerabo Nicodem. [17] Ikibazo cy’ibimenyetso bishobora gushingirwaho hemezwa ko ibikorwa uregwa yakoze bigize icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza nº RPAA 00408/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin alias Niyirema. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasanze ibimenyetso byashingirwaho birimo ubwinshi bw’urumogi umuntu yafatanywe, iminzani yabugenewe mu gupima, amasashe yifashishwa mu gupfunyikamo ibiyobyabwenge, amafaranga, ahakoreshwa nk’ububiko, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu ahafatiwe ibiyobyabwenge n’ abatangabuhamya bemeza ko uwo muntu acuruza ibiyobyabwenge1. uyu murongo wagendeweho mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko nk’urubanza Nº RPAA 00722/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 16/05/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mushinzimana Jean Pierre2. [18] Mu gika cya 10 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko Bangaryimana Dieudonné yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi rushingiye ku kuba yiyemerera ko yafatanywe urumogi, kuba agifatwa yaravuze ko urumogi rwose ari urwe, kuba ashinjwa na Hitimana Gaël ko ari we urumugurisha, kandi akaba ataragaragaje ko hari icyo basanzwe bapfa, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja ko asanzwe aza gucururiza urumogi kuri hoteli. [19] Bangaryimana Dieudonné abazwa mu Bushinjacyaha yavuze ko yafashwe ashyiriye inshuti ye yitwa Gaël urumogi yari yamusabye, ko afatwa bamusanganye udupfunyika 80 tw’urumogi. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga urumogi yafatanywe ari rwinshi, kandi nk’uko abivuga akaba yari arushyiriye Hitimana Gaël wari umuhamagaye ngo arumuzanire. Izi mvugo ze zikaba ari ikimenyetso gihamya ko yafashwe ari mu bikorwa byo gucuruza urumogi, bikaba binashimangirwa n‘imvugo za Hitimana Gaël mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha, wafatanwe udupfunyika 9 tw’urumogi akavuga ko ari Bangaryimana Dieudonné warumugurishije, akanasobanura ko iyo barushatse bamuhamagara, bakamubwira amafaranga bafite, maze akababwira aho bahurira, ko bule imwe bayigura 400 Frw cyangwa 300 Frw. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo Bangaryimana Dieudonné n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge ataragikoze ngo kuko nta gikorwa kigize icyo cyaha cyagaragajwe yaba yarafatiwemo cyangwa se amafaranga yafatanwe nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza nº RPAA 00408/2020/CA rwavuzwe haruguru, ingano y’urumogi udupfunyika 80 Bangaryimana Dieudonnë yafatanwe,

1 Reba igika cya 18 cy’urubanza nº RPAA 00408/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin alias Niyirema. 2 Reba igika cya 21 cy’urubanza Nº RPAA 00722/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 16/05/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mushinzimana Jean Pierre

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uburyo rwari rufunze mu dupfunyika, imvugo ze mu Bushinjacyaha avuga ko yafashwe arushyiriye Hitimana Gaël, ndetse n’uyu abazwa akaba yaravuze ko bari basanzwe barumutuma, ari ibimenyetso bifatika bigaragaza ko yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi. [21] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo asaba ko yahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi kuko urwo rumogi rutari urwe, ko bari kurusangira ari abantu 5 n’uko bateranyije amafaranga yo kurugura, afatwa agiye gusanganira uwari urubazaniye nabyo nta shingiro bifite, kuko uretse n’uko atigeze agaragaza abo bantu bagombaga kurusangira, ubwe abazwa mu Bushinjacyaha yivugiye ko yari aruzaniye Hitimana Gaël, kandi iyo mvugo bombi bayihurizaho. Naho ibyo avuga ko imvugo za Hitimana Gaël zitari gushingirwaho kuko yamushinje yirengera kubera ko hari ibyo bapfaga, nabyo nta shingiro bifite kuko imyiregurire ye ku byerekeye uyu mutangabuhamya yaranzwe no kugenda yivuguruza hamwe avuga ko atamuzi, ahandi akavuga ko ari inshuti ye imufasha mu bukanishi. [22] Hashingiwe ku mirongo yatanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yavuzwe haruguru n’ibimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Bangaryimana Dieudonné nta shingiro bufite, kuko hari ibimenyetso bifatika bihamya ko yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, kandi akaba atarabashije kubivuguruza; bityo urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Bangaryimana Dieudonné nta shingiro bufite; [24] Rwemeje ko urubanza n° RPA 00991/2022/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 20/11/2024 rudahindutse; [25] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kidahindutse