BANK OF KIGALI PLC v. NKUNDIMANA N’UNDI

# BANK OF KIGALI PLC v. NKUNDIMANA N’UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-04-14 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00083/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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BANK OF KIGALI PLC v. NKUNDIMANA N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00083/2024/CA (Ngagi, P.J.) 14 Werurwe 2025] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Inshingano y’umuburanyi utanze ikirego – Umuburanyi utanze ikirego mu Rukiko aba afite inshingano ikomeye yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso bihamya nta shiti ko ibyo aregera ari ukuri, iyo atabashije kubigaragaza, ikirego cye nta shingiro gihabwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ndikumana mu bihe bitandukanye yagiye ahabwa inguzanyo na Bank of Kigali Plc yishingirwa n’ingwate ku mutungo utimukanwa ya Nyirarugero Dancille. Ndikumana yananiwe kwishyura iyo nguzanyo bituma BK imurega mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi irusaba gutegeka Ndimukana n’umwishingizi we Nyirarugero kuyishyura umwenda remezo ungana na 68.494.506 Frw n’inyungu z’ubukererwe zingana na 68.494.506 Frw, umwenda wose hamwe n’inyungu bikaba 136.989.012 Frw. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Nkundimana n’umwishingizi we Nyirarugero bafitiye Bank of Kigali Plc umwenda ungana na 133.196.006 Frw, bityo ko bategetswe kuwishyura, bakanayiha 700,000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, 100.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 20.000 Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama, yose hamwe bakayishyura amafaranga angana na miliyoni ijana na mirongo itatu n’enye n’ibihumbi cumi na bitandatu n’amafaranga atandatu (134.016.006 Frw). Ndikumana yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi inenga icyemezo cy’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, avuga ko BK itashoboye kuvuguruza ko hari umwenda ayibereyemo, ndetse hatubahirijwe ibitegnyijwe n’ingingo ya 12 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bufite ufite ishingiro, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’ubucuruzi idahindutse, ko Ndikumana na Nyirarugero bamaze kwishyura BK umwenda wose. BK yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ivuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwirengagije ibimenyetso, ikavuga ko umwenda wose hamwe Ndikumana na Nyirarugero bayibereyemo ungana na 136.989.012 Frw. Ku rundi ruhande Nkundimana na Nyirarugero bavuga ko ubujurire budakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kandi Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi nta kimenyetso rwirengagije, bigurishirije ingwate ya mbere igura 65,000,000 Frw, hasigara 17,000,000 Frw, ko mu gihe yari agiye kugurisha ingwate ya kabiri Bank of Kigali Plc yamwandikiye (Nkundimana) ko umwenda ugeze kuri 101.598.003 Frw, bikaba bitumvikana ukuntu mu mwaka umwe, umwenda wa 17,000,000 Frw wari usigaye wahindutse 101.598.003 Frw. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umuburanyi utanze ikirego mu Rukiko aba afite inshingano ikomeye yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso bihamya nta shiti ko ibyo aregera ari ukuri, iyo atabashije kubigaragaza, ikirego cye nta shingiro gihabwa. Mu yandi magambo, uwatangije urubanza agomba kuba afite ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bihamya neza ko ibyo avuga ari ukuri.

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Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 12; Itegeko N°062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, Ingingo ya 4. Nta manza zifashishijwe

Urubanza [1] Nkundimana Fidèle nk’umukiriya wa Bank of Kigali Plc yagiye asaba inguzanyo zinyuranye muri iyo Banki akazihabwa, zirimo inguzanyo ebyiri (2) zo ku wa 05/10/2011 : iya miliyoni mirongo itatu n’eshatu (33.000.000 Frw) yo kubaka inzu n’iya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) y’ingwate, ziyongera ku nguzanyo yari asanganywe ingana na miliyoni mirongo itanu (50.000.000 Frw) (crédit de caisse). [2] Ku wa 05/10/2012, Bank of Kigali Plc yongeye guha Nkundimana Fidèle izindi nguzanyo, maze atanga ingwate ku mitungo ye itimukanwa iri mu bibanza nº 04/03/08/04/1024 giherereye mu Ruhengeri n’uri mu kibanza nº 04/03/08/04/758 giherereye mu Murenge wa Muhoza, maze yishingirwa n’umugore we Nyirarugero Dancille. [3] Ku wa 01/06/2015, Nkundimana Fidèle yasabye Bank of Kigali Plc uburenganzira bwo kugurisha imodoka ye kugira ngo yishyure ibirarane maze irabimwemerera arishyura. Ku wa 24/04/2017, na none Nkundimana Fidèle yasabye Bank of Kigali Plc kwigurishiriza amazu ye yatanzeho ingwate kugira ngo yishyure maze iyo Banki irabimwemerera inamumenyesha ko umwenda ayibereyemo ungana na miliyoni ijana n’imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo icyenda n’umunano n’amafaranga atatu (101.598.003 Frw). [4] Bank of Kigali Plc yasobanuye ko ingwate yahawe zagurishijwe ku wa 28/04/2017, Nkundimana Fidèle akishyura miliyoni mirongo itatu n’eshanu (35.000.000 Frw) ariko uwo mwenda ntiwarangira. Ibyo byatumye Bank of Kigali Plc irega Nkundimana Fidèle n’umwishingizi we Nyirarugero Dancille mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, irusaba kubategeka kuyishyura umwenda remezo ungana na 68.494.506 Frw n’inyungu z’ubukererwe zingana na 68.494.506 Frw, umwenda wose hamwe n’inyungu bikaba 136.989.012 Frw, ko kandi yahawe integuza yo ku wa 07/03/2023 akayakira ku wa 14/03/2023, ntagire icyo ayivugaho. Isoza isaba 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza,1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, no gusubizwa 20.000 Frw yatanze irega. [5] Nkundimana Fidèle na Nyirarugero Dancille bireguye bavuga ko ikirego cya Bank of Kigali Plc nta shingiro gifite, kuko kugeza ubu nta mwenda Nkundimana Fidèle ayifitiye, ko iyo Banki yamuhaye inguzanyo zitandukanye byagera ku wa 04/11/2013 zigahurizwa hamwe, umwenda wose ukangana na 128.082.743 Frw, ko kuva ku wa 03/12/2013 kugeza ku wa 28/04/2017 yishyuye uwo mwenda, aho yanyuzaga ubwishyu kuri compte ye Nº 00055895 – 95,

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ko amafaranga yose hamwe yayishyuye ayanyujije kuri konti ye ari 294.370.777 Frw, bityo ikwiye kureba neza niba yaratanze ikirego yibeshye. [6] Mu rubanza RCOM 01213/2023/TC rwaciwe ku wa 19/03/2024, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko Nkundimana Fidèle n’umwishingizi we Nyirarugero Dancille bafitiye Bank of Kigali Plc umwenda ungana na 133.196.006 Frw, bityo ko bategetswe kuwishyura, bakanayiha 700,000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, 100.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 20.000 Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama, yose hamwe bakayishyura amafaranga angana na miliyoni ijana na mirongo itatu n’enye n’ibihumbi cumi na bitandatu n’amafaranga atandatu (134.016.006 Frw). [7] Nkundimana Fidèle yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, anenga kuba Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaremeje umwenda remezo Bank of Kigali Plc itashoboye kugaragariza ikimenyetso cy’uko uriho, kuba rutarahaye agaciro historique ya konti ya Nkundimana Fidèle kandi Bank of Kigali Plc iyemera, no kuba rutarubahirije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 12 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. Bank of Kigali Plc yireguye kuri ubwo bujurire ivuga ko nta shingiro bufite, kuko Nkundimana Fidèle na Nyirarugero Dancille batarangije kuyishyura umwenda n’inyungu bayifitiye ndetse n’inyungu ziwukomokaho. [8] Mu rubanza RCOMA 00221/2024/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 17/10/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nkundimana Fidèle na Nyirarugero Dancille bufite ishingiro, ko imikirize y’urubanza RCOM 01213/2023/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 19/03/2024, ihindutse mu ngingo zayo zose, ko umwenda ukomoka ku masezerano yo ku wa 15/11/2013, Bank of Kigali Plc yishyuza Nkundimana Fidèle na Nyirarugero Dancille muri uru rubanza bamaze kuwishyura, ko Bank of Kigali Plc iha Nkundimana Fidèle na Nyirarugero Dancille buri wese indishyi z’akababaro zingana na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frw). [9] Bank of Kigali Plc yajuririye uru Rukiko, ubujurire bwayo bwandikwa kuri RCOMAA 00083/2024/CA. Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame, Bank of Kigali Plc, ihagarariwe na Me Nkurunziza François-Xavier, naho Nkundimana Fidèle na Nyirarugero Dancille bahagarariwe na Me Mpirikanyi Gaspard. [10] Mu myanzuro no mu bujurire byayo, Bank of Kigali Plc ivuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwirengagije ibimenyetso yatanze, kuko ku wa 26/04/2017 yamenyesheje Nkundimana Fidèle ko umwenda ugeze kuri 101.598.003 Frw, ku wa 28/04/2017, Nkundimana Fidèle agurisha inzu ye 35.000.000 Frw ashyirwa kuri konti ye, hanyuma BK Plc iriyishyura hasigara umwenda ungana na 68.494.506 Frw, ari na yo agaragara kuri extrait ya konti y’inguzanyo nº 0530016042, bivuze ko itarangije kwishyura umwenda, inyungu zikaba zarakomeje kubarwa kugeza zigeze kuri 68.494.506 Frw, umwenda wose hamwe ukaba 136.989.012 Frw, ko kandi ibaruwa yo ku wa 25/04/2016, icyo ivuga ari uko Nkundimana Fidèle naramuka agurishije ingwate ya mbere, hazaba hasigaye umwenda uhwanye na 82,000,000 Frw. Ivuga kandi ko ibyo Urukiko rwavuze ko amafaranga agaragara kuri konti Nº 98596256-65 ku wa 15/10/2021, ahwanye na 128.943.354 Frw adafite aho ahuriye n’umwenda Bank of Kigali Plc yaregeye atari byo, kuko ari yo yaregeye, cyane ko nyuma y’uko Nkundimana Fidèle agurishije inzu ye akishyura 35.000.000 Frw, hagasigara umwenda ungana na 68.494.506 Frw, nta mafaranga yongeye gushyira kuri konti ngo yishyure umwenda. Isoza isaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka.

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[11] Uhagarariye Nkundimana Fidèle na Nyirarugero Dancille avuga ko ubujurire bwa Bank of Kigali Plc nta shingiro bufite, ko nta bimenyetso Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwirengagije, ko mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 25/04/2016, BANK OF KIGALI Plc yandikiye Nkundimana Fidèle imwemerera kwigurishiriza ingwate yamumenyesheje ko umwenda usigaye uhwanye na 82,000,000 Frw, agurisha ingwate ya mbere igura 65,000,000 Frw, hasigara 17,000,000 Frw, ko mu gihe yari agiye kugurisha ingwate ya kabiri ku wa 26/04/2017, BANK OF KIGALI Plc yamwandikiye ko umwenda ugeze kuri 101.598.003 Frw, bakaba bibaza ukuntu mu mwaka umwe, umwenda wa 17,000,000 Frw wari usigaye wahindutse 101.598.003 Frw. Avuga kandi ko afite konti imwe gusa ifite nº 052-00055895-95 yahereweho inguzanyo, ari na yo impande zombi zumvikanye ko izajya inyuzwaho ubwishyu, ko ibyayikoreweho ari byo bigomba guhabwa agaciro, kandi ko iyo konti igaragaza ko umwenda warangije kwishyurwa, ko andi makonti BANK OF KIGALI Plc ivuga muri uru rubanza, abaregwa batayazi, asoza asaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [12] Urukiko, rushingiye kuri izo mpaka, rusanga hakwiye gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira : - Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarirengagije ibimenyetso byatanzwe na Bank of Kigali Plc ; - Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

1.Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarirengagije ibimenyetso byatanzwe na Bank of Kigali Plc [13] Uhagarariye Bank of Kigali Plc avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwirengagije ibimenyetso yatanze, kuko ku wa 26/04/2017 yamenyesheje Nkundimana Fidèle ko umwenda ugeze kuri 101.598.003 Frw, ku wa 28/04/2017, Nkundimana Fidèle agurisha inzu ye 35.000.000 Frw ashyirwa kuri konti ye, hanyuma BK Plc iriyishyura hasigara umwenda ungana na 68.494.506 Frw, ari na yo agaragara kuri extrait ya konti y’inguzanyo nº 05300160-42, bivuze ko itarangije kwishyura umwenda, inyungu zikaba zarakomeje kubarwa kugeza zigeze kuri 68.494.506 Frw, umwenda wose hamwe ukaba 136.989.012 Frw, ko kandi ibaruwa yo ku wa 25/04/2016 icyo ivuga ari uko Nkundimana Fidèle naramuka agurishije ingwate ya mbere, hazaba hasigaye umwenda uhwanye na 82,000,000 Frw. [14] Asobanura ko mu gika cya 19 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa RCOMA 00221/2024/HCC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze ku wa 29/04/2017, kuri konti compte courant ya Nkundimana Fidèle nº 052-00055895-95 hariho balance zeru (0), ariko hari indi konti ifite nº 05300160-42 yagaragazaga solde négatif ya 68.494.506 Frw, iyi ikaba ari compte crédit, hari kandi konti nº 98596256-65, aho ku wa 02/10/2017 yariho solde débiteur y’amafaranga ibihumbi magana ane na cumi n’umunani na magana ane na mirongo icyenda n’arindwi (418.497 Frw), ayo mafaranga akaba yarakomeje kubarwa ku buryo ku wa 15/10/2021 hagaragara solde débiteur ya 128.943.354 Frw.

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[15] Asobanura kandi ko Urukiko rwasanze ubwo hakorwaga consolidation mu kwezi kwa cumi na kumwe (11) k’umwaka wa 2013, umwenda wa Nkundimana Fidèle wari 128.082.723 Frw, ariko kubera kutawishyura byatumye hagurishwa ingwate zimwe zatanzwe, ku buryo ku wa 29/04/2017 amafaranga yari asigaye (balance) kuri konti nº 052-00055895-95 solde yari zeru (0), kandi iyo konti ari yo yakoreshwaga mu kwishyura umwenda, ibyo bikaba bivuze ko ku wa 29/04/2017, nyuma yo kugurisha ingwate 35.000.000 Frw uwo mwenda warangiye kwishyurwa; ku ruhande rwa Bank of Kigali Plc ikaba isanga mu kwemeza ko umwenda wa Nkundimana Fidèle yarangije kuwishyura, Urukiko rwitiranyije ibintu ndetse rukirengagiza ibimenyetso, kuko konti nº 052-00055895-95 ari compte courant, Nkundimana Fidèle yashyiragaho amafaranga, hanyuma Bank of Kigali Plc igakuraho ayishyura umwenda ugaragara kuri konti y’inguzanyo. Bityo kuvuga ko ku wa 29/04/2017 iyo konti yariho solde ya zero (0), ko nubwo atari byo, ko ariko n’iyo byaba byo bitavuze ko nta mwenda Nkundimana Fidèle abereyemo Bank of Kigali Plc, cyane ko ikigaragaza umwenda atari compte courant ahubwo ari konti y’inguzanyo nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. [16] Avuga kandi ko ibimenyetso yarushyikirije rukabyirengagiza ari ibi bikurikira : - Kuba ku wa 24/04/2017, Nkundimana Fidèle yarasabye Bank of Kigali Plc uburenganzira bwo kwigurishiriza inzu ye, ku wa 26/04/2017 ikabimwemerera ndetse ikanamumenyesha ko arimo umwenda ungana na miliyoni ijana n’imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo icyenda n’umunani n’amafaranga atatu (101.598.003 Frw), nk’uko bigaragazwa na extrait ya konti yo ku wa 26/04/2017 ; - Kuba ku wa 28/04/2017, Nkundimana Fidèle yaragurishije inzu ye 35.000.000 Frw agashyirwa kuri konti ye, hanyuma Bank of Kigali Plc ikiyishyura hagasigara umwenda ungana na 68.494.506 Frw, ari na yo agaragara kuri extrait ya konti y’inguzanyo nº 05300160-42. Ibyo bikaba bivuze ko uwo mwenda utarangiye kandi wakomeje kubyara inyungu kugeza ubwo Nkundimana Fidèle yahabwaga integuza ya nyuma ku wa 14/03/2023, aho yamenyeshejwe ko umwenda ayibereyemo ungana na 136.989.012 Frw ugizwe n’umwenda remezo wa 68.494.506 Frw n’inyungu za 68.494.506 Frw, aho kuba 128.943.354 Frw hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 20 y’Itegeko nº017/2021 ryo kuwa 03/03/2021 rirengera abaguzi ba servisi z’imari ; - Kuba ku rupapuro rwa 8 mu gika cya 20 cy’urubanza RCOMA 00221/2024/HCC Urukiko rwaravuze ko Nkundimana Fidèle amaze kwishyura 35.000.000 Frw) umwenda we ukarangira nta kuri kurimo kuko binyuranye n’ibimenyetso n’ibisobanuro Bank of Kigali Plc yatanze rukabyirengagiza, ndetse n’Amabwiriza agenga inguzanyo, aho mu ngingo yayo ya 9 iteganya ko ibimenyetso by’umwenda ari extrait de compte crédit kandi ko ibyo bimenyetso ari ntavuguruzwa, kandi ko umwenda bigaragaza wishyurwa, uwurimo yaba afite ibyo anenga abanza kuwishyura, akazatanga ikirego cyo gukosora amakosa cyangwa ibindi anenga ku bimenyetso nyuma. Ibi bikaba bivuze ko Urukiko rwirengagije ibimenyetso n’ibyo impande zombi zumvikanyeho mu masezerano y’inguzanyo bigatuma rufata icyemezo kitari cyo. [17] Akomeza avuga ko mu gika cya 22 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwavuze ko 128.943.354 Frw agaragara kuri konti nº 98596256-65 Bank of Kigali Plc itagaragaje aho ahuriye n’umwenda yaregeye, cyane ko ngo itigeze iregera imyenda yose yahaye Nkundimana Fidèle, akaba asanga atari byo, kuko ubusanzwe iyo urimo umwenda ananiwe kuwishyura hagashira

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amezi atandatu (6), Amabwiriza ya BNR ateganya ko ashyirwa mu cyiciro cya gatandatu (class 6) cya ba bihemu, icyo gihe inyungu zikaba zihagaze kubarwa zikazabarwa igihe cyo kwishyuza umwenda. [18] Avuga kandi ko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ku wa 28/04/2017, Nkundimana Fidèle yagurishije inzu ye 35.000.000 Frw, arayishyura maze asigaramo umwenda wa 68.494.506 Frw, kuva ubwo nta mafaranga yongeye gushyira kuri konti ngo yishyure umwenda, bityo ko nyuma y’amezi atandatu (6) ni ukuvuga ku wa 02/10/2017, yashyizwe mu cyiciro cya gatandatu (class 6) ya ba bihemu, maze bituma kubara inyungu bihagarara nk’uko Amabwiriza ya BNR abiteganya. Ko rero historique ya konti yavuzwe haruguru yakozwe ku wa 15/10/2021 saa yine n’iminota cumi n’umunani (10 :18’), ibyo igaragaza bivuze ko inyungu zari zarahagaze zongeye kubarwa uhereye igihe yashyiriwe muri icyo cyiciro cya 6 (class 6) cya ba bihemu kugeza ku wa 15/10/2021, maze umwenda wose ukaba 128.943.354 Frw. Bityo ko kuba mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko rwaravuze ko amafaranga agaragara kuri iyo konti adafite aho ahuriye n’umwenda Bank of Kigali Plc yaregeye atari byo. [19] Akomeza avuga ko imyenda Nkundimana Fidèle yahawe yagiye iba restructurés ku buryo mu kwishyuza, Bank of Kigali Plc iregera umwenda umwe aho kuregera buri mwenda, ari ho ishingira ivuga ko ibyo Urukiko rwavuze nta kuri kurimo. [20] Avuga na none ko mu gika cya 23 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa RCOMA 00221/2024/HCC Urukiko rwavuze ko Bank of Kigali Plc igomba gusobanura ibikubiye muri za historiques zose yatanze, cyane ko nta kashe y’iyo Banki zifite. Ko rero niba rutarasobanukiwe n’ibyari bikubiye muri izo historiques rwagombaga kubisobanuza hanyuma Bank of Kigali Plc ikabitangaho umucyo, ko rero kuba rutarabikoze bitari kuba impamvu ituma rufata umwanzuro wo gutesha agaciro icyemezo cy’umwenda Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwafashe. Bityo ko Urukiko nirusuzuma historiques Bank of Kigali Plc yatanze ruzasanga ziriho kashe yayo, zikaba zigomba gufatwa nk’ibimenyetso ntavuguruzwa nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. Asoza avuga ko icyo anenga mu cyemezo Urukiko rwafashe ari uko amafaranga agaragara kuri compte courant ari wo mwenda Nkundimana Fidèle yari ayibereyemo kandi atari ko biri, mu gihe umwenda yari ayibereyemo ugaragazwa na compte credit nk’uko bigaragazwa na historique ya Banque. [21] Uhagarariye Nkundimana Fidèle na Nyirarugero Dancille yiregura kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire ya Bank of Kigali Plc avuga ko nta shingiro ifite, kuko mu rubanza RCOMA 00221/2024/HCC rujuririrwa nta bimenyetso Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwirengagije, kuko mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 25/04/2016, Bank of Kigali Plc yandikiye Nkundimana Fidèle imwemerera kwigurishiriza ingwate yamumenyesheje ko umwenda usigaye uhwanye na 82,000,000 Frw, agurisha ingwate ya mbere igura 65,000,000 Frw, hasigara 17,000,000 Frw, ko mu gihe yari agiye kugurisha ingwate ya kabiri ku wa 26/04/2017, Bank of Kigali Plc yamwandikiye ko umwenda ugeze kuri 101.598.003 Frw, bakaba bibaza ukuntu mu mwaka umwe, umwenda wa 17,000,000 Frw wari usigaye wahindutse 101.598.003 Frw. [22] Asobanura ko ku wa 25/04/2016, Bank of Kigali Plc yandikiye Nkundimana Fidèle imwemerera kugurisha ingwate, ndetse ikanamumenyesha ko umwenda ayibereyemo ungana na 82.000.000 Frw, kuri uwo munsi agahita agurisha ingwate ya mbere ku giciro cya 65.000.000 Frw, ayo mafaranga akayayishyura nk’uko bigaragara ku rupapuro rwa cyenda (9) rwa historique ya Banque. Ko iyo ufashe ingano y’umwenda Nkundimana Fidèle yamenyeshejwe mu ibaruwa yo ku

## Page 7

wa 25/04/2016 ungana na 82.000.000 Frw ugakuramo 65.000.000 Frw yishyuwe, hasigara 17.000.000 Frw, ko ingwate ya kabiri (2) yagurishijwe 35.000.000 Frw ikayishyurwa ku wa 28/04/2017, ibyo bigaragaza ko yarangije kwishyura umwenda wose. Kandi ko Bank of Kigali Plc idashobora kugaragaza uburyo 17.000.000 Frw zari zisigaye ku wa 25/04/2016 ziyongereye zikagera kuri 101.598.003 Frw mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe gusa. [23] Avuga kandi ko historique Bank of Kigali Plc ishingiraho igaragaza ko hari umwenda bayibereyemo, ari ikimenyetso kidashobora kwemerwa kuko giteye urujijo, kuko igaragaza uburyo iyo Banki ikura amafaranga kuri konti y’umwenda yiyishyura, ariko ntigaragaze ayashyizweho igenda ikuraho, kandi compte igira ibice bibiri (2), ni ukuvuga igice cy’amafaranga yinjira n’icy’asohoka, ariko kuri iyo historique igice cyagakwiye kugaragaza amafaranga yinjiye kikaba kiriho ubusa. [24] Akomeza avuga ko kuba mu mwaka wa 2021, Bank of Kigali Plc yarahaye Nkundimana Fidèle indi nguzanyo, ari ikimenyetso gicukumbuye cyerekana ko batigeze bayihemukira, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 81 y’Itegeko nº 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso. Bityo ko asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuzabona ko ingwate iyo Banki yari yarahawe zigizwe n’amazu abiri (2), imwe yagurishijwe mu mwaka wa 2016 ikavamo 65.000.000 Frw, indi ikagurishwa mu mwaka wa 2017 ikavamo 35.000.000 Frw yose hamwe akaba miliyoni ijana (100.000.000 Frw), kandi ko mbere y’uko ingwate ya mbere igurishwa umwenda wari usigaye wari miliyoni mirongo inane n’ebyiri (82.000.000 Frw) nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibaruwa yo ku wa 25/04/2016, Bank of Kigali Plc yandikiye Nkundimana Fidèle, kandi ikaba idahakana ko ayo mafaranga yavuye mu ngwate yayakiriye yose ikayiyishyura. [25] Asoza avuga ko ama comptes Bank of Kigali Plc ; igaragaza muri uru rubanza ivuga bayibereyemo umwenda ari ukujijsha Urukiko, kuko Nkundimana Fidèle atayazi, ko afite compte imwe gusa ifite nº 052-00055895-95 yahereweho inguzanyo, ari na yo impande zombi zumvikanye ko izajya inyuzwaho ubwishyu, ibyayikoreweho bikaba ari byo bigomba guhabwa agaciro, kandi ko iyo compte igaragaza ko umwenda warangije kwishyurwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [26] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire zishingiye ku kumenya niba hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko Nkundimana Fidèle na Nyirarugero Dancille babereyemo Bank of Kigali Plc umwenda ibishyuza. [27] Ingingo ya 12, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira : “Urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda.” [28] Ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko N°062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso iteganya ko urega cyangwa utanze ikibazo agaragaza ikimenyetso cy’ibyo aregera cyangwa asaba. Uwiregura agaragaza ikimenyetso gishyigikira ukwiregura kwe. Icyakora, umucamanza cyangwa ukemura ikibazo ashobora gutegeka umuburanyi cyangwa umwe mu bafitanye ikibazo cyangwa undi muntu gutanga cyangwa kwerekana ikimenyetso afite.

## Page 8

[29] Nk’uko byagiye bisobanurwa mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko1, izi ngingo zumvikanisha ko umuburanyi utanze ikirego mu Rukiko aba afite inshingano ikomeye yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso bihamya nta shiti ko ibyo aregera ari ukuri, iyo atabashije kubigaragaza, ikirego cye nta shingiro gihabwa. Mu yandi magambo, uwatangije urubanza agomba kuba afite ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bihamya neza ko ibyo avuga ari ukuri. [30] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, dosiye igaragaza ko Bank of Kigali, yagiye iha inguzanyo Nkundimana Fidèle guhera mu 2011 bakorana amasezerano atandukanye kandi bumvikana ko amafaranga azashyirwa kuri konti ya Nkundimana Fidèle iri kuri No 052-0055895-95 RWF ; ku wa 04/11/2013, Bank of Kigali imenyesha Nkundimana Fidèle ko nk’uko yabisabye imyenda ye yose bayishyize hamwe (consolidation) ko umwenda wose arimo Banki ungana na 128.082.743 Frw agomba kwishyura mu gihe cy’amezi 120. Ibyo Nkundimana Fidèle yarabyemeye abisinyira ku wa 15/11/2013. [31] Dosiye igaragaramo ibaruwa yo ku wa 25/04/2016, Bank of Kigali yandikiye Nkundimana Fidèle, isubiza iyo uyu yayandikiye ku wa 19/04/2016, ayisaba uburenganzira bwo kwigurishiriza inzu iri mu kibanza 750 yari yatanzeho ingwate, hagasigara ingwate iherereye mu kibanza 1024 cyahindutse 5949. Muri iyo baruwa Bank of Kigali yamusubije muri aya magambo : “Turakumenyesha yuko ubuyobozi bwa banki bwemeye ubusabe bwawe, ahasigaye ingano y’umwenda wawe usigaye ungana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda 82.000.000 Frw ukazayishyura mu gihe kingana n’imyaka icumi, ukazajya wishyura 1.504.015 Frw buri kwezi, amasezerano akubiyemo byose ukazayahabwa nyuma y’iminsi itanu. Tukwandikiye tukumenyesha yuko igihe wumva bitoshoboka yuko ibyavuzwe hejuru byubahirizwa wamenyesha banki ukimara kubona ino baruwa, cyamunara yari iteganyijwe ku ya 26/04/2016, igakomeza.” [32] Dosiye igaragaramo inyandiko yiswe : Movement history (historique bancaire) from 01/12/2013 to 12/06/2018, igaragaza ko ku wa 25/04/2016, uwitwa Gasimba Kananura yishyuye amafaranga yo kugura inzu kuri konti No 00052-005589595 ya Nkundimana Fidèle ahwanye na 65,000,000 Frw. [33] Dosiye igaragaza na none ibaruwa Nkundimana Fidèle yandikiye Bank of Kigali ku wa 24/04/2017, asaba uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate iherereye mu kibanza 1024 cyahindutse 5949. Muri iyo baruwa yasobanuye ko umuguzi yabonye yemera kwishyura 35.000.000 Frw, ko kandi abona mu cyamunara bitoroshye kubona arenze ayo, ko rero ari yo mpamvu yifuza guhuza Banki n’umukiriya ushaka kuyigura kugira ngo ikibazo kirangire. [34] Dosiye igaragaramo kandi ibaruwa yo ku wa 26/04/2017, Bank of Kigali yandikiye Nkundimana Fidèle isubiza ibaruwa uyu yayandiye ku wa 24/04/2017, imumenyesha ko ubuyobozi bwa Banki ya Kigali bwemeye ubusabe bwo kwigurishiriza inzu iri mu kibanza 5949 giherereye Musanze aho yabonye umuguzi uri kwishyura 35,000,000 Frw. Imumenyesha kandi ko

1 Reba urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ku wa 26/10/2023 haburana KARUMUHINZI Baudoux Claire na NYIRAKAZIGA Kabeja Anne Marie; urubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00003/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/06/2023 haburana, RWASABAHIZI Peter na RWAMPUNGA Emmanuel hamwe na BAMUREBE Fortunée, urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00011/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/01/2024, haburana ISHIMWE Samuel na KABALISA Jacqueline.

## Page 9

kugeza ku wa 26/04/2017, umwenda ari miliyoni ijana n’imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu mirongo icyenda n’umunani n’amafaranga atatu y’u Rwanda (101,598,003 Frw) kandi ko inyungu zizakomeza kubarwa kugeza umwenda wose wishyuwe. Inamumenyesha ko amafaranga avuye muri iyo ngwate ashyirwa kuri konti No 00052-0055895-95. [35] Dosiye igaragaramo indi nyandiko yiswe : Movement history (historique bancaire) from 01/01/2017 to 15/10/2021, igaragaza ko ku wa 28/04/2017, Nkundimana Fidèle yashyize kuri konti ye No 00052-0055895-95 amafaranga miliyoni mirongo itatu n’eshanu y’u Rwanda (65,000,000 Frw). [36] Dosiye igaragaramo inyandiko yatanzwe na Bank of Kigali yiswe : Movement history (historique bancaire) from 02/10/2017 to 15/10/2021, igaragaza ko konti No 98596256-65 iri mu mazina ya Nkundimana Fidèle, ku wa 02/10/2017, iyo konti yariho balance debit ya 418.497 Frw, yakomeje kubarwa ku buryo ku wa 15/10/2021, igaragaza umubare wa 128.943.354 Frw). Igaragaramo na none inyandiko ya historique bancaire yatanzwe na Bank of Kigali igaragaza ko Nkundimana Fidèle yari afite ama konti menshi muri Bank of Kigali, aho kuri konti ifite No 052- 00055895-95 balance yayo ari 0 frw, ariko hari indi konti No 05300160-42 igaragaza ko 29/04/2017, hariho -68.494.506 Frw. [37] Nk’uko byibukijwe haruguru, mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 25/04/2016, Bank of Kigali yandikiye Nkundimana Fidèle imumenyesha ko yemerewe ibyo yasabye byo kwigurishiriza ingwate iri mu kibanza 750 nk’uko yabisabye, inamumenyesha ko hasigaye umwenda wa 82.000.000 Frw, ko azawishyura mu gihe kingana n’imyaka icumi (10), akazajya yishyura 1.504.015 Frw buri kwezi, ko mu gihe yumva bitashoboka yabimenyesha Banki, cyamunara yari iteganyijwe ku ya 26/04/2016, igakomeza. Isesengura ry’ibikubiye muri iyi baruwa ryumvikanisha ko umwenda Nkundimana Fidèle yari abereyemo Bank of Kigali mbere y’uko ingwate iri mu kibanza 750 igurishwa wari 82,000,000 Frw nk’uko Banki yabyiyandikiye, kuko bitumvikana uburyo uyu mubare wafatwa nk’umwenda usigaye nyuma y’aho ingwate igurishijwe, nk’uko uhagarariye Bank of Kigali Plc ashaka kubyumvikanisha, kuko ibyo Bank of Kigali Plc ivuga atari byo byanditse muri iyo baruwa nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru. Ikindi kigaragaza ko ibyo uhagarariye Bank of Kigali Plc avuga atari ukuri, ni uko iyo biza kuba 82,000,000 Frw ari umwenda wari gusigara nyuma yo kugurisha ingwate yaguzwe 65,000,000 Frw, Bank of Kigali Plc itari kwandikira Nkundimana Fidèle imumenyesha ko mu gihe yumva bitoshoboka ko yigurishiriza ingwate nk’uko yabisabye, yabimenyesha Banki, cyamunara yari iteganyijwe ku ya 26/04/2016, igakomeza. [38] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba ku wa 25/04/2016, Bank of Kigali yaramenyesheje Nkundimana Fidèle ko hasigaye umwenda ungana na miliyoni mirongo inani n’ebyiri y’u Rwanda (82,000,000 Frw), uyu akagurisha ingwate iri mu kibanza 750 ikagurwa miliyoni mirongo itandatu n’eshanu y’u Rwanda (65,000,000 Frw), akayishyura Bank of Kigali, birumvikana ko umwenda yari asigaranye uhwanye na 82.000.000 Frw- 65,000,000 Frw = 17,000,000 Frw. Bikaba rero bitumvikana uburyo ku wa 26/04/2017, Bank of Kigali Plc yamumenyeshe ko umwenda usigaye ari miliyoni ijana n’imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu mirongo icyenda n’umunani n’amafaranga atatu y’u Rwanda (101,598,003 Frw). [39] Ikindi kandi ku wa 24/04/2017, Nkundimana Fidèle yagurishije ingwate ya kabiri iri mu kibanza 5949, igurwa miliyoni mirongo itatu n’eshanu (35,000,000 Frw), nayo ayashyira kuri

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konti ye kugira ngo yishyure umwenda wari usigaye, bikaba rero byumvikana ko umwenda Nkundimana Fidèle yari afitiye Bank of Kigali urebana n’amasezerano yo ku wa 04/11/2013, yashyizeho umukono ku wa 15/11/2013, yarangije kuwishyura. Ibi binashimangirwa n’uko mu gihe yasabaga kugurisha ingwate iri mu kibanza 5949, yandikiye Bank of Kigali Plc ko yifuza guhuza Banki n’umukiriya ushaka kuyigura kugira ngo ikibazo kirangire. Ikibazo yavugaga muri iyo baruwa kiba cyumvikana ko ari umwenda yari asigaje kwishyura, bituma asaba ko yakwigurishiriza ingwate kugira n’umwenda wari usigaye awishyure. [40] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko bigaragazwa na dosiye, ku wa 29/04/2021, Bank of Kigali yagiranye amasezerano y’inguzanyo na Nyirarugero Dancille,umwishingizi wa Nkundimana Fidèle, iyi Banki imuha inguzanyo yo kugura imodoka ihwanye na 46.972.500 Frw, aya masezerano nayo ashimangira ko umwenda Nkundimana Fidèle yari abereyemo Bank of Kigali Plc yawishyuye, kuko bitumvikana ukuntu yari kuba ari bihemu, yarashyizwe muri class 6 nk’uko uhagarariye Bank of Kigali abivuga, hanyuma ngo iyi Banki ibirengeho ihe inguzanyo umudamu we Nyirarugero Dancille wanabaye umwishingizi we. Ikindi gishimangira ko umwenda wishyuwe ni uko kuva ku wa 24/04/2017, ubwo Nkundimana Fidèle yari maze kugurisha ingwate ya kabiri kugeza ku wa 07/03/2023, ubwo Bank of Kigali Plc yamwandikiraga imuha integuza, nta kindi gikorwa Banki yigeze ikora kijyanye no kumumenyesha ko hari umwenda yasigayemo, agomba kwishyura, bikaba rero bitumvikana ukuntu Nkundimana Fidèle yari kuba atarishyuye umwenda, hanyuma hagashira imyaka irenze itanu ntacyo Bank of Kigali Plc imubaza. Urukiko rurasanga imyitwarire nk’iyi yaba itandukanye n’ubunyamwuga bugomba kuranga banki (professionalism), kuko banki ifite inshingano yo gutanga amakuru yose y’ingenzi arebana n’inguzanyo yahaye abayigana, kandi ikabikora buri igihe2. [41] Urukiko rurasanga ibimenyetso Bank of Kigali Plc ishingiraho bijyanye na historique bancaire zigaragaraho konti zitandukanye ziri mu mazina ya Nkundimana Fidèle kandi ziriho amafaranga atandukanye nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, bitashingirwaho, kuko bitagaragaza mu buryo budashidikanywaho ko hari umwenda urebana n’amasezerano yo 15/11/2013, Nkundimana Fidele n’umwishingizi we Nyirarugero Dancille baba bayibereyemo, kandi nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, uwatangije urubanza afite inshingano ikomeye yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho byerekana ko ibyo aregera ari ukuri. [42] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, uru Rukiko rurasanga, nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze kwemeza ko umwenda ukomoka ku masezerano yo ku wa 15/11/2013, Bank of Kigali Plc yishyuza Nkundimana Fidele na Nyirarugero Dancille muri uru rubanza bamaze kuwishyura. Bityo ubujurire bwa Bank of Kigali Plc, nta shingiro bufite. 2. Kumenya niba, indishyi z’akababaro, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka bisabwa muri uru rubanza bifite ishingiro [43] Uhagarariye Bank of Kigali Plc avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ni rusanga ubujurire bwa Bank of Kigali Plc bufite ishingiro, asaba ko rutegeka Nkundimana Fidèle na Nyirarugero Dancille guha Bank of Kigali Plc 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka

2 Reba ingingo zitandukanye (21-30) z’ Itegeko No 017/2021 ryo ku wa 03/03/2021 ryerekeye kurengera umuguzi wa serivisi y’imari.

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yari yasabye mu rubanza rujuririrwa RCOMA 00221/2024/HCC ariko Urukiko ntiruyamuhe, hiyongereyeho 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, yo kuri uru rwego. [44] Uhagarariye Nkundimana Fidèle na Nyirarugero Dancille yiregura ku mafaranga Bank of Kigali Plc isaba avuga ko idakwiye kuyahabwa ahubwo ari yo ikwiye kuyatanga. Avuga kandi ko ashingiye ku ngingo ya 110 n’iya 111 z’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, asaba Urukiko gutegeka Bank of Kigali Plc kubaha amafaranga angana na miliyoni icyenda (9.000.000Frw) y’indishyi z’akababaro yiyongera ku yo bagenewe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, 1.500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka 500.000 Frw yo mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, 500.000 Frw yo mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, 500.000 Frw yo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, no kubasubiza 40.000 Frw y’igarama bishyuye bajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. Basaba kandi Urukiko kuyitegeka kubaha amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 1.500.000 Frw yo kuva mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kugeza muri uru Rukiko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [45] Ku birebana n’amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza, ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira : “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [46] Nk’uko bigaraga muri dosiye y’urubanza rujuririrwa RCOMA 00221/2024/HCC, ubwo Nkundimana Fidèle na Nyirarugero Dancille bajuririraga Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 14/04/2024, basabye urwo Rukiko gutegaka Bank of Kigali Plc kubishyura 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka yo ku rwego rubanza no mu bujurire, 600.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 40.000 Frw y’igarama, yose hamwe akaba 1.640.000 Frw. Ikigaraga ni uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ntacyo rwayavuzeho, kuba rero bayasaba kuri uru rwego, Urukiko rurasanga bagomba kuyahabwa. Rurasanga amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza asabwa na Bank of Kigali Plc itagomba kuyahabwa, kuko ubujurire bwayo, nta shingiro bwahawe. [47] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza Nkundimana Fidèle na Nyirarugero Dancille basaba bakwiye kuyahabwa, ariko ayo basaba ni menshi ugereranyije n’imiterere y’uru rubanza ; bityo mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko rubageneye, bose hamwe, miliyoni imwe (1,000,000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000 Frw) y’ikurikirarubanza, ku nzego zose, akubiyemo n’amagarama batanze. [48] Naho indishyi z’akababaro basaba, Urukiko rurasanga ntazo bakwiye guhabwa, kuko bazihawe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, kandi bakaba batabasha gusobanura izindi basaba. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [49] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cyatanzwe na Bank of Kigali Plc, nta shingiro gifite.

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[50] Rwemeje ko urubanza rujuririrwa RCOMA 00221/2024/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 17/10/2024, rudahindutse. [51] Rutegetse Bank of Kigali Plc guha Nkundimana Fidèle na Nyirarugero Dancille, bose hamwe, amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1,000,000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana tatu (300.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, ku nzego zose. [52] Ruvuze ko amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.