UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BAPFAKURERA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BAPFAKURERA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00367/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BAPFAKURERA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00367/2023/CA (Mukandamage, P.J.,) 20 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mu mwaka wa 2020, uwitwa Bapfakurera Jean Claude bita Kazungu w’imyaka cumi n’ikenda y’amavuko ( 19) yarezwe mu Bugenzacyaha n’umwana witwa U. J. w’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) y’amavuko avuga ko yamusambanyije. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi burega Bapfakurera Jean Claude icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Bapfakurera yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa ariko akavuga ko atigeze amusambanya ku gahato, ko ahubwo babyumvikanyeho. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi nyuma yo gusanga ko hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, birimo kuba yemera icyaha, imvugo z’umwana wahohotewe, hamwe n’ubuhamya bwatanze n’uwabonye icyaha gikorwa, icyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko umwana yavutse ku wa 18/02/2006, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Bapfakurera yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru yemera icyaha nanone, akavuga ariko ko hari ugushidikanya ku myaka y’umwana, kuko urukiko rwabanje rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana uri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuko kandi se w’umwana avuga ko yari afite imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Mu iburanisha Bapfakurera Jean Claude yavuze ko yemera icyaha, kandi asaba imbabazi kugira ngo agabanyirizwe igihano. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko Bapfakurera ari we ufite inshingano yo kugaragaza amakuru nyayo y’imyaka y’umwana atanga icyemezo cyavuguruza icyatanzwe, kandi ko ibyo kuba yagabanyirizwa igihano yabitanze impitagihe, ariko ko urukiko rubyibwirije rwamugabanyiriza igihano yahawe. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ubujurire bwa Bapfakurera Je nta shingiro bufite, kubera ko atabashije gutanga inyandiko ivuguruza iyatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha mu kwerekana imyaka umwana yari afite ubwo yahohoterwaga, rwemeza ko akomeza guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, kubera ko ukwemera icyaha kwe kutuzuye. Bapfakurera yajuririye nanone Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugabanyirije igihano kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha ruvuga ko kwemera icyaha kwe kutuzuye, rushingiye ku kuba yaravuze ko yasambanyije umwana babyumvikanyeho kandi ibyo bidakuraho ko yemeye icyaha cyo kumusambanya ku buryo bwuzuye, ahubwo ko

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icyashidikanywagaho ari imyaka y’umwana, bityo agasaba ko kuri uru rwego igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cya burundu cyagabanywa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Bapfakurera nta shingiro bufite, kuko kwemera icyaha kwe kutuzuye nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye, kandi ko icyaha yakoze cyagize ingaruka ku buzima bw’umwana, bityo ko urubanza yajuririye rudakwiye guhinduka. Ubushinjacyaha bukomeza buvuga ko mu kutagabanyiriza igihano rutashingiye gusa ku byo yavuze ko yasambanyije umwana babyumvikanyeho, ahubwo hari ibindi bimenyetso birimo ibyo umwana wahohotewe yavuze ko yamukoreye n’iterabwoba, amwambura imyenda y’imbere ku gahato, amubwira ko yanamwica, atangira gufata umutwe we akajya awuhonda hasi, ibyo bikaba byarasigiye umwana ihungabana rikomeye. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga kandi ko ibyo uregwa asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano hatitawe ku kuba yaravuze ko yari yumvikanye n’umwana byaba ari uguhindura imiterere y’urubanza rwajuririwe, bikaba byafatwa kuzana ingingo nshya mu bujurire. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 4 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022; Urubanza RPAA 00454/2023/CA, rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Maniragena, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 19/01/2020, Bapfakurera Jean Claude bita Kazungu yarezwe mu Bugenzacyaha n’umwana witwa U. J. w’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) y’amavuko avuga ko yamusambanyije ku wa 16/01/2020, bahuriye mu ishyamba aho yari yagiye gutashya na bagenzi be, abo bana babonye Bapfakurera Jean Claude aryamye hejuru y’umwana bahita bajya gutabaza. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi burega Bapfakurera Jean Claude icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

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[3] Bapfakurera Jean Claude yaburanye avuga ko atigeze asambanya umwana ku gahato, ko ahubwo babyumvikanyeho. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00046/2020/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 06/03/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Bapfakurera Jean Claude yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, birimo kuba yemera icyaha, imvugo z’umwana wahohotewe, ubuhamya bwatanze na Dushimire Aline wabonye icyaha gikorwa, icyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko umwana yavutse ku wa 18/02/2006, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [5] Bapfakurera Jean Claude yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko hari ugushidikanya ku myaka y’umwana, ko urukiko rwabanje rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana uri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuko kandi se w’umwana avuga ko yari afite imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Mu iburanisha Bapfakurera Jean Claude yavuze ko yemera icyaha, kandi asaba imbabazi kugira ngo agabanyirizwe igihano. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko Bapfakurera Jean Claude ari we ufite inshingano yo kugaragaza amakuru nyayo y’imyaka y’umwana atanga icyemezo cyavuguruza icyatanzwe, ko ibyo kuba yagabanyirizwa igihano abitanze impitagihe, ariko ko urukiko rubyibwirije rwamugabanyiriza igihano yahawe. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00463/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 06/07/2023, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ubujurire bwa Bapfakurera Jean Claude nta shingiro bufite, kubera ko atabashije gutanga inyandiko ivuguruza iyatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha mu kwerekana imyaka umwana yari afite ubwo yahohoterwaga, rwemeza ko akomeza guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, kubera ko ukwemera icyaha kwe kutuzuye. [7] Bapfakurera Jean Claude yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00367/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 04/12/2024, Bapfakurera Jean Claude yunganiwe na Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habineza Jean Damascène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Bapfakurera Jean Claude avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugabanyirije igihano kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, agasaba ko kuri uru rwego cyagabanywa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Bapfakurera Jean Claude nta shingiro bufite, kuko kwemera icyaha kwe kutuzuye nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye, kandi ko icyaha yakoze cyagize ingaruka ku buzima bw’umwana, ko urubanza yajuririye rudakwiye guhinduka. [9] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba igihano Bapfakurera Jean Claude yahawe cyagabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Bapfakurera Jean Claude yahawe cyagabanywa [10] Bapfakurera Jean Claude n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko rutamugabanyiriza igihano kubera ko kwemera icyaha kwe kutuzuye, ko kuba yaravuze ko yasambanyije umwana babyumvikanyeho bidakuraho ko yemeye icyaha cyo kumusambanya ku buryo bwuzuye, ahubwo ko icyashidikanywagaho ari imyaka y’umwana.

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[11] Bapfakurera Jean Claude n’umwunganira bavuga ko, mu kumugabanyiriza igihano, hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2019 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, maze agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) aho kuba igifungo cya burundu. Bavuga ko mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00586/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Baravuga Jean de Dieu wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka irindwi (7) y’amavuko we afite imyaka cumi n’umunani (18) y’amavuko, urukiko rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko yakoze icyaha akiri muto no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16), ko rero Bapfakurera Jean Claude yahabwa igihano kiri munsi y’icyo, kuko icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka cyateje, kandi ko akora icyaha yari afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) y’amavuko, umwana afite imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) y’amavuko. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko, mu kutagabanyiriza igihano Bapfakurera Jean Claude kubera ko atemeye icyaha mu buryo bwuzuye, Urukiko Rukuru rutashingiye gusa ku byo yavuze ko yasambanyije umwana babyumvikanyeho, ahubwo hari ibindi bimenyetso birimo ibyo umwana wahohotewe yavuze ko yamukoreye n’iterabwoba yamushyizeho, no kuba yari atangiye guhunga ko umwana yasambanyijwe afite imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) nk’uko icyemezo cy’amavuko cyabigaragaje. Asanga kuba Bapfakurera Jean Claude ajurira avuga ibitandukanye n’ibiri mu rubanza bitagomba guhabwa agaciro, kuko atagaragaza icyo anenga urubanza yajuririye, akaba rero atabishingiraho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko ibyo Bapfakurera Jean Claude avuga ko yagabanyirizwa igihano hatitawe ku kuba yaravuze ko yari yumvikanye n’umwana byaba ari uguhindura imiterere y’urubanza rwajuririwe, ikaba ingingo nshya azanye mu bujurire kandi mu Rukiko Rukuru yaravugaga ko umwana yasambanyije yari afite imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’amavuko, ubu akaba yemera ko yari afite imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) y’amavuko, nyamara mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, haratanzwe umurongo uvuga ko kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire bitagirira akamaro uregwa, kuko aba azanye ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu nkiko zabanje, kandi umucamanza w’ubujurire aba afite gusa inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’izo nkiko. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga na none ko ibyo Bapfakurera Jean Claude avuga ko icyaha nta ngaruka mbi cyateye ku mwana nta shingiro bifite, kubera ko harebwe imikorere yacyo nk’uko umwana abivuga, yabanje kumwambura imyenda y’imbere ku gahato, ashatse kwirwanaho amubwira ko yanamwica, atangira gufata umutwe we akajya awuhonda hasi, agira ubwoba aramureka aramusambanya, ibyo bikaba byarasigiye umwana ihungabana rikomeye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Kubyerekeranye no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, uwo murongo ukaba uvuga ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku

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rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza RPAA 262/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/11/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwizeyimana Chantal. [16] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Bapfakurera Jean Claude igifungo cya burundu ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) y’amavuko, Urukiko rwabanje rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo ku buryo icyo gihano cyagabanywa. [17] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje, Bapfakurera Jean claude yaburanye yemera ko yakoranye imibonano mpuzabitsina n’umwana U. J. babyumvikanyeho, ko nta ngufu yakoresheje, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, rushingiye ku bimenyetso rwashyikirijwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, rwamuhamije icyaha rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Mu bujurire, Bapfakurera Jean Claude yavuze ko hari ugushidikanya ku myaka y’umwana, kuko Urukiko rwabanje rwemeje ko yasambanyije umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) y’amavuko, naho se w’umwana akavuga ko yari afite cumi n’itanu (15) y’amavuko, ariko mu iburanisha yahinduye impamvu y’ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, hanyuma Urukiko Rukuru rusanga nta kimenyetso agaragaza kivuguruza imyaka y’umwana yagaragajwe n’icyemezo cy’amavuko cyatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, rugumisha imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Bapfakurera Jean Claude ataremeye icyaha ku buryo bwuzuye, kuko aburana ku rwego rwa mbere yavuze ko umwana yasamanyije bari bumvikanye, nyamara umwana yaravugaga ko yamushyizeho agahato n’iterabwoba aranamuhungabanya. Byongeye kandi nta bwumvikane bubaho mu gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina n’umwana, bityo ibyo yaburanishaga ntibyashoboraga kumubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yashingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga icyaha Bapfakurera Jean Claude yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) y’amavuko gikomeye, kuko gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ariko icyo cyaha yagikoze akiri muto, kuko yari afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) y’amavuko, kandi ni ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera ku buryo buzwi, ibyo byose bikaba byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cya burundu. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga urubanza RPAA 00586/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024, Bapfakurera Jean Claude n’umwunganira basaba ko rwashingirwaho mu kugabanya igihano yahawe, rutashingirwaho kubera ko hari izindi manza zaciwe nyuma yarwo, harimo urubanza RPAA 00454/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/06/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Maniragena Maniraho Léopold bita Sabena wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka icyenda (9) y’amavuko we afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) y’amavuko, waburanye ahakana icyaha ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ariko hashingiwe ku kuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, urukiko rwamuhanishije

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igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), bityo Bapfakurera Jean Claude akaba agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) nk’icyo Maniragena Maniraho Léopold yahanishijwe. [21] Hashingiwe ku manza zatanze imirongo no kubisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Bapfakurera Jean Claude bugamije kugabanyisha igihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru bufite ishingiro, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugomba guhinduka gusa kubijyanye n’igihano. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Bapfakurera Jean Claude bugamije kugabanyisha igihano bufite ishingiro; [23] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00464/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 06/07/2023 ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’igihano Bapfakurera Jean Claude yahawe; [24] Rutegetse ko Bapfakurera Jean Claude ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) y’amavuko ; [25] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta, kuko Bapfakurera Jean Claude yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.