UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BARAKAGIRA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BARAKAGIRA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-05-17 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00266/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BARAKAGIRA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00266/2021/CA – (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 17 Gicurasi 2022] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Impamvu z’ubujurire - Ingingo ya 183, agace ka 5 n’aka 6 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko: “Ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro ugaragaza urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa, ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko”. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Impamvu z’ubujurire – Kwemera icyaha nk’impamvu y’ubujurire - Kwemera icyaha ntabwo byaba impamvu y’ubujurire kuko ujurira ataba agaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza yakosorwa n’Urukiko yajuririye cyangwa se ngo abe agaragaza ukwibeshya gushingiye ku mategeko urwo rukiko rwakoze cyangwa ukwibeshya ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rujuririrwa rucibwa nabi cyangwa kwatuma ruta agaciro, ahubwo uwemera icyaha mu bujurire aba ashaka ko hongera gucibwa urundi rubanza kuko mu bujurire bwe aba azanye ingingo zitasuzumwe ku rwego rubanza kandi atari yo nshingano y’urukiko rwajuririwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe Ubushinjacyaha burega Barakagira icyaha cyo gusambanya abana babiri b’abakobwa aribo D.C w’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) na M.J. w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) bamusanze aho yarariraga ibikoresho by’abakora umuhanda. Barakagira aburana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe yireguye ahakana icyaha aregwa, avuga ko abo bakobwa baje mu masaha y’umugoroba hari kugwa imvura nyinshi, bamusaba kubugamisha, hanyuma imvura ihise barataha, nyuma y’iminota cumi n’itanu (15) bagaruka bamubwira ko basanze iwabo babakingiranye, bamusaba kubacumbikira bugacya bataha, arabyemera maze bararana ku buriri bumwe ariko ko atabasambanyije, maze urukiko rushingiye kubimenyetso rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’ibiri (22) n’amezi atandatu (6). Barakagira ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhanishije igihano cy’igifungo kinini, ko asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba mu bujurire bwe yemera icyaha cyo gusambanya abo bakobwa babiri, urukiko Rukuru ruvuga ko igihano yahanishijwe Atari kinini ugereranyije n’icyaha yahamijwe ndetse akaba ataranemeye icyaha ku ikubitiro, rwanzura ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Barakagira yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano nk’umuntu wirega icyaha akagisabira imbabazi kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza rwamwigirijeho nkana kandi abo bakobwa ari bo bamusanze aho yari ari mu kazi baje kugama banga gutaha, yanabaherekeza bakagaruka bavuga ko badashaka kujya iwabo nijoro. Mu iburanisha imbere y’urukiko rw’ubujurire, ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko Barakagira atagabanyirizwa ibihano hakurikijwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’uburyo yagikozemo bugayitse, bunasaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro ugaragaza urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa, ibisobanuro kuri

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buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko. 2. Kwemera icyaha ntabwo byaba impamvu y’ubujurire kuko ujurira ataba agaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza yakosorwa n’Urukiko yajuririye cyangwa se ngo abe agaragaza ukwibeshya gushingiye ku mategeko urwo rukiko rwakoze cyangwa ukwibeshya ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rujuririrwa rucibwa nabi cyangwa kwatuma ruta agaciro, ahubwo uwemera icyaha mu bujurire aba ashaka ko hongera gucibwa urundi rubanza kuko mu bujurire bwe aba azanye ingingo zitasuzumwe ku rwego rubanza kandi atari yo nshingano y’urukiko rwajuririwe. Ikirego cy’ubujurire nta shingiro gifite. Amategeko yashingiwe ho: Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza Nº RPA / GEN 00004/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 07/05/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Munyagishali Bernard, Urubanza N° RPAA 00028/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/10/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyonagize Amos, Urubanza N° RPAA 00074/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/01/2022 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Bisubireho Egide, Urubanza No RPAA 00135/2020/CA rwaciwe kuwa 28/01/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayizeye William. Nta nyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe Ubushinjacyaha burega Barakagira icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. Buvuga ko ku itariki ya 10/03/2019 bamusanze aho yarariraga ibikoresho by’abakora umuhanda ari kumwe n’abana b’abakobwa babiri aribo D.C w’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) na M.J. w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17), bamubajije icyo bahakora yemera ko yararanye nabo bituma akekwaho kubasambanya, arafatwa atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Barakagira aburana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe yireguye ahakana icyaha aregwa, avuga ko abo bakobwa baje mu masaha y’umugoroba ahagana saa moya z’ijoro hari kugwa imvura nyinshi, bamusaba kubugamisha, nka saa tatu imvura ihise barataha, nyuma y’iminota cumi n’itanu (15) bagaruka bamubwira ko basanze iwabo babakingiranye, bamusaba kubacumbikira bugacya bataha, arabyemera maze bararana ku buriri bumwe ariko ko atabasambanyije.

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[3] Mu rubanza nº RP 00083/2019/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe kuwa 11/04/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko Barakagira yasambanyije D.C.na M.J., birimo kuba abo bana bamushinja ko yabasambanyije ndetse D.C. akavuga ko ari inshuro ya kabiri amusambanya, imvugo z’umutangabuhamya Usabuwera Japhet usobanura ko Barakagira yararanye nabo bana ku buriri bumwe bituma abasiga aho ajya kurara ahandi, raporo za muganga zigaragaza ko akarangabusugi ka buri mwana kangiritse, rwemeza ko Barakagira ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’ibiri (22) n’amezi atandatu (6). [4] Barakagira yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhanishije igihano cy’igifungo kinini, ko asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba mu bujurire bwe yemera icyaha cyo gusambanya abo bakobwa babiri. [5] Mu rubanza nº RPA 00569/2019/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasanze n’ubwo ku rwego rw’ubujurire Barakagira yemeye ko yasambanyije abana bombi ariko bitatuma igihano yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye kigabanywa kuko igifungo cy’imyaka 22 n’amezi 6 yahanishijwe ku gikorwa cyo gusambanya abakobwa babiri mu ijoro rimwe no ku buriri bumwe atari igihano kinini kubera ko ari cyo gikwiranye n’igikorwa kigayitse yakoze n’uburyo cyakozwemo, ko atahabwa igihano gito ntarengwa giteganywa n’itegeko ari cyo gifungo cy’imyaka 20 nk’icyahabwa uwaba yarasambanyije umwana umwe kandi agahita yemera icyaha ku ikubitiro mu rwego rwo korohereza ubutabera mu ikurikiranwa rye, rwanzura ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [6] Barakagira yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano nk’umuntu wirega icyaha akagisabira imbabazi kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza rwamwigirijeho nkana kandi abo bakobwa ari bo bamusanze aho yari ari mu kazi baje kugama banga gutaha, yanabaherekeza bakagaruka bavuga ko badashaka kujya iwabo nijoro. [7] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko atagabanyirizwa ibihano hakurikijwe uburemere bw’ icyaha yakoze n’uburyo yagikozemo bugayitse, bunasaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [8] Urubanza rwaburanishirijwe mu ruhame kuwa 05/05/2022, Barakagira yunganiwe na Me Ruganza Bin Seba, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ruberwa Bonaventure, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. Iburanisha ry’urubanza ripfundikiwe, ababuranyi bamenyeshwa ko ruzasomwa kuwa 17/05/2022. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO 1. Kumenya niba BARAKAGIRA yagabanyirizwa igihano kubera kwemera icyaha mu bujurire. [9] Barakagira avuga ko icyo anenga icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza ari igihano kirekire yahanishijwe, ko asaba ko cyagabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha kubera ko yemera icyaha no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko, agahanisha igifungo kigufi kugira ngo abashe gusubira mu muryango nyarwanda no kubaka igihugu cyamubyaye kubera ko akiri urubyiruko. Anavuga ko asaba imbabazi kubera ko yabikoze atabigambiriye kuko byatewe

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n’uko yaherekeje abo bakobwa bageze iwabo basanga babakingiranye, bagarutse aho yabaga bararana ku buriri bumwe bituma abikora. [10] Me Ruganza Bin Seba avuga ko Barakagira yajuriye kubera ko atishimiye imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza kubera ko aburana muri urwo Rukiko yemeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho ariko ntirwabiha agaciro ngo rumugabanyirize igihano ahubwo ruvuga ko yasambanyije abakobwa babiri. Akomeza avuga ko kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri, urukiko rwazashingira ku kuba yemera icyaha , rukamugabanyiriza igihano nk’uko byakozwe mu rubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu kuko uyu yemeye icyaha ku rwego rwa nyuma ajuriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire bishingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) mu gihe Barakagira we yemeye icyaha guhera mu Rukiko Rukuru, ko asaba ko nawe yagabanyirizwa igihano kikava ku gifungo cy’imyaka 22 n’amezi 6 kigashyirwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka 10 hatagendeye ku kuba yarasambanyije abana babiri (2). [11] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko kugabanyirizwa igihano Barakagira asaba mu bujurire bwe nta shingiro byahabwa kuko ingingo ya 59 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange isobanura neza ko kugira ngo uwemera icyaha agire amahirwe yo kugabanyirizwa igihano ari igihe yemeye icyaha agitangira gukurikiranwa cyangwa abikoze atangiye kuburana ku rwego rwa mbere, ko atari wa wundi ukina n’amarangamutima y’umucamanza, ko Barakagira we kuva yafatwa yahakanye icyaha, atangira kucyemera mu Rukiko Rukuru, bitandukanye n’ibiteganywa n’iyi ngingo. [12] Bukomeza buvuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza rwanasobanuye ko yagabanyirijwe igihano kuko yari guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25 ahanishya igifungo cy’imyaka 22 n’amezi 6 kandi ataremeraga icyaha, rwanavuze ko impamvu rutakongera kukigabanya ari uko yakoze igikorwa kirimo ubugome bukabije asambanya abana babiri kandi azi ko ari abana, akanabasambanyiriza ku buriri bumwe. Busoza busaba urukiko kutazashingira ku rubanza umwunganira avuga kuko rudasimbura itegeko kandi n’imikorere y’icyaha mu manza zombi itandukanye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Ingingo ya 133 igika cya kabiri y’ Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko umuntu uhamijwe n’urukiko icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana urengeje imyaka cumi n’ine (14), ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri (20) ariko kitarenze imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [14] Ingingo ya 59 agace ka 1o n’aka 3o y’iryo Tegeko ikavuga ko umucamanza ashobora kugabanya ibihano nk’iyo ushinjwa, mbere yo gukurikiranwa, yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi uwo yakoreye icyaha n’umuryango nyarwanda mu buryo budashidikanywa, akicuza kandi akishyura ibyo yangije nk’uko bari babimutegerejeho n’iyo mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, ushinjwa yireze akemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa. [15] Ingingo ya 183, agace ka 5 n’aka 6 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko: “Ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro ugaragaza urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa, ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa

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yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko”. [16] Ibyerekeranye n’uwahamijwe icyaha ujurira yemera icyaha, akanabishingiraho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, byagarutsweho mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire zirimo rubanza Nº RPA / GEN 00004/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 07/05/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Munyagishali Bernard, urubanza N° RPAA 00028/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/10/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyonagize Amos, urubanza N° RPAA 00074/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/01/2022 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Bisubireho Egide n’urwa RPAA 00135/2020/CA rwaciwe kuwa 28/01/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayizeye William, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’igika cya gatanu n’icya gatandatu cy’ingingo ya 183 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko ruvuga ko kwemera icyaha atari impamvu y’ubujurire kuko ujurira ataba agaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza yakosorwa n’Urukiko yajuririye cyangwa se ngo abe agaragaza ukwibeshya gushingiye ku mategeko urwo rukiko rwakoze cyangwa ukwibeshya ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rujuririrwa rucibwa nabi cyangwa kwatuma ruta agaciro, runavuga ko ahubwo uwemera icyaha mu bujurire aba ashaka ko hongera gucibwa urundi rubanza kuko mu bujurire bwe aba azanye ingingo zitasuzumwe ku rwego rubanza kandi atari yo nshingano y’urukiko rwajuririwe. [17] Dosiye y’urubanza rujuririrwa igaragaza ko Barakagira abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha, anaburana ku rwego rwa mbere mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, hose yahakanye icyaha avuga ko icyo yemera ari uko yararanye n’abo bana b’abakobwa ku buriri bumwe ariko ko ntawe yigeze asambanya. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo imvugo z’umutangabuhamya Usabuwera Japhet bari basanzwe bararana n’iz’abana basambanyijwe ndetse no kuri raporo za muganga, rumuhamya icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 22 n’amezi 6. [18] Barakagira amaze guhamwa n’icyaha yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza yemera icyaha akurikiranweho cyo gusambanya abana b’abakobwa babiri, asaba urukiko gushingira kuri iyo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha akagabanyirizwa igihano. Mu gusuzuma ubujurire bwe, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ku rwego rwa mbere ataraburanye yemera icyaha kubera ko icyo yemeraga ari uko yararanye n’abo bana ku buriri ariko agahakana ibyo kubasambanya, ruvuga ko kuba yemera icyaha ku rwego rw’ubujurire nta ngaruka byagira ku igabanywa ry’igihano yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere kuko rusanga igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’ibiri (22) n’amezi atandatu (6) yahanishijwe ku gikorwa cyo gusambanya abakobwa babiri mu ijoro rimwe no ku buriri bumwe azi neza ko ari abana atari igihano kinini ahubwo ari cyo gikwiranye n’igikorwa kigayitse yakoze mu buryo cyakozwemo. [19] Urukiko rusanga ubujurire bwa Barakagira muri uru Rukiko bugamije gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano nk’umuntu wirega icyaha akagisabira imbabazi kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza rwamwigirijeho nkana kandi abo bakobwa ari bo bamusanze aho yari ari mu kazi baje kugama banga gutaha, yanabaherekeza bakagaruka bavuga ko badashaka kujya iwabo nijoro, nta shingiro bufite kuko harebwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 59 y’ Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe, ukwemera icyaha gutuma umucamanza ashobora kugabanya igihano ari ugukozwe n’ushinjwa mbere yo gukurikiranwa cyangwa mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, hakurikijwe kandi ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 183 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo kuwa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe kuba Barakagira yaremeye icyaha mu rwego rw’ubujurire nabyo bikaba bitari gushingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano kuko, nk’uko byasobanuwe, ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza, nta kosa yagaragazaga ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhamije

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icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana kuko mu bujurire bwe yemeranywaga n’iyo mikirize y’urubanza avuga ko yemera icyaha. [20] Urukiko rusanga uru Rukiko narwo rutagabanya igihano Barakagira yahanishijwe kubera ko atemeye icyaha mu bihe byavuzwe biteganywa n’itegeko. Kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha nabyo bikaba bitaba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma kigabanywa kubera uburemere bw’icyaha aregwa cyo kurara asambanyiriza abana babiri mu buriri bumwe. [21] Runasanga urubanza rwa nº RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwa Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, umwunganira asaba ko rwashingirwaho kugira ngo Barakagira agabanyirizwe igihano kuko nawe yemera icyaha, ntacyo rwafasha muri uru rubanza ku byerekeranye no kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera kwemera icyaha mu bujurire kuko nyuma y’aho urwo rubanza ruciriwe, hari izindi manza zavuzwe zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku kibazo cyo kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera kwemera icyaha mu bujurire zishimangira ko ukwemera icyaha kugirira uregwa akamaro kugatuma ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ari ugukozwe mu buryo buteganywa n’ingingo ya 59 y’ Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe. [22] Hashingiwe ku ngingo z’amategeko zavuzwe no ku byasobanuwe, rusanga igifungo cy’imyaka makumayabiri n’ibiri (22) n’amezi atandatu (6) Barakagira yahanishijwe kitagomba guhinduka. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa BARAKAGIRA nta shingiro bufite. [24] Rwemeje ko urubanza n˚ RPA 00569/2019/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 28/02/2020 rudahindutse. [25] Rwemeje ko igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’ibiri (22) n’amezi atandatu (6) yahanishijwe kigumyeho. [26] Rutegetse ko Barakagira asonerwa amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunzwe.