UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BARANYERETSE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BARANYERETSE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-12 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00498/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BARANYERETSE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00498/2022/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 12 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kwemera icyaha no gusaba imbabazi – Ushinjwa uburanisha kwemera icyaha no kugisabira imbabazi nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha abikora bitarenze mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere. Incamake y’ikibazo: Baranyeretse yakurikiranyweho n’ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge nyuma yaho bumufatanye udupfunyika 1541 tw’urumogi aduhetse kuri Moto, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, busaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20 000 000 Frw. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Baranyeretse ahamwa n’icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20 100 000 Frw, rutegeka ko urumogi yafatanywe rutwikwa. Baranyeretse yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko asaba kurenganurwa kuko igikapu basanzemo urumogi cyari icya Bugingo Joseph baturanye, ko uyu yamusabye ubufasha bwo kukimutwaza amubwira ko ari kwimukira i Mahoko. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, rutegeka ko hagumaho ibihano byatanzwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. Baranyeretse yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, mu miburanire ye aburana yemera icyaha asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano ndetse byaba ngombwa akaba yanabisubikirwa kugirango asange abana be basizwe ari imfubyi. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ukwemera icyaha bwa mbere ku rwego rw’ubujurire bitagize impamvu yatuma ushinjwa agabanyirizwa igihano kuko nta cyo anenga urubanza yaciriwe. Bukavuga kandi ko, nta cyabuza ko Baranyeretse agabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, bityo ko yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.00.000Frw. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ushinjwa uburanisha kwemera icyaha no kugisabira imbabazi nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha abikora bitarenze mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere. Iyo ajuriye yemera icyaha, bisobanura ko ntacyo aba anenga urubanza ajuririra, ahubwo aba agamije ko Urukiko rujuririrwa ruburanisha bundi bushya, hasuzumwa urubanza rwose ku birebana n’ibimenyetso n’ibindi bigize urubanza, nyamara Urukiko ruburanisha urubanza mu bujurire rufite gusa ishingano yo gusuzuma no gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 59

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00048/2020/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Bimenyimana Jean Paul rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022 RPAA 00436/2020/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Ahimpereye Ndeze Francois rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 28/06/2022

Urubanza

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 07/03/2021, Baranyeretse Théoneste yafatanywe udupfunyika 1541 tw’urumogi aduhetse kuri moto, bivugwa ko yari agiye kurugurisha i Mahoko. Nyuma yo gukora iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gufatanwa, gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 frw. [2] Baranyeretse Théoneste yaburanye avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe ari urwa Bugingo Joseph wamuhaye igikapu ngo akimutwaze kuko yimukiraga i Mahoko ariko akaba yari yamubwiye ko harimo imyenda. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00141/2021/TGI/RBV rwaciwe ku wa 31/03/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, rushingiye ku mvugo ya Baranyeretse Théoneste wemera ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 1541 tw’urumogi, rushingiye kandi ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja, rwemeje ko Baranyeretse Théoneste ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu(25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 20.100.000 Frw, rutegeka ko urumogi Baranyeretse Théoneste yafatanwe rutwikwa. [4] Baranyeretse Théoneste yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, asaba kurenganurwa kuko igikapu basanzemo urumogi cyari icya Bugingo Joseph baturanye, ko uyu yamusabye ubufasha bwo kukimutwaza amubwira ko ari kwimukira i Mahoko. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Baranyeretse nta shingiro bufite kuko ibisobanuro bye bigaragaza ahubwo ko yarutundiraga Bugingo Joseph bafatanya muri ibyo bikorwa byo gutunda no kugurisha biyobyabwenge, busaba ko ubujurire bwe bwateshwa agaciro. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00435/2021/HC/MUS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 29/07/2021, nyuma yo gusesengura impamvu z’ubujurire za Baranyeretse Théoneste ndetse n’ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye mu kumuhamya icyaha, rwasanze ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, rumuhamisha ku bihano yahanishijwe. [7] Baranyeretse Théoneste yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri RPAA 00498/2022/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 3/12/2024, yunganiwe na Me Nyirabageni Brigitte naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu.

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[8] Mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye, Baranyeretse Théoneste avuga ko yemera icyaha cyo gufatanwa, gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kandi ko asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [9] Me Nyirabageni Brigitte umwunganira avuga ko ntaho byagaragaye ko Baranyeretse Théoneste yafashwe acuruza urumogi akaba asanga yari guhamwa gusa n’icyaha cyo kurutunda, akaba ari nacyo yagombaga guhanirwa, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano byaba ngombwa bikanasubikwa. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nta kosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko kuko n’ushinjwa yemera ibyaha yahamijwe, ko ariko Urukiko rushobora kumugabanyiriza ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [11] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma niba Baranyeretse Théoneste yagabanyirizwa ibihano kubera kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire bwa kabiri no kumenya igihano akwiye guhanishwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’ URUBANZA Kumenya niba Baranyetse Théoneste yagabanyirizwa ibihano kubera kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire bwa kabiri n’ingano y’igihano yahabwa [12] Mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye, Baranyeretse Théoneste avuga ko yemera icyaha ashinjwa cyo gufatanwa, gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, asaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 10 gisubitswe mu myaka 5 n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000 kugira ngo ajye kwita ku mfubyi ze zandagaye kuko umugore we yapfuye. [13] Me Nyirabageni Brigitte umwunganira avuga ko asesenguye ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa asanga ntaho byagaragaye ko Baranyeretse Théoneste yafashwe acuruza urumogi cyangwa se ngo hagaragazwe uwemeza ko yarumugurishijeho, ko asanga yari guhamwa gusa n’icyaha cyo kurutunda, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho no kuba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha bityo agahanwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo kuwa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [14] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ukwemera icyaha bwa mbere ku rwego rw’ubujurire bitagize impamvu yatuma ushinjwa agabanyirizwa igihano kuko nta cyo anenga urubanza yaciriwe. Bukomeza buvuga ko, nubwo bimeze bityo, nta cyabuza ko Baranyeretse agabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, bityo ko yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.00.000Frw nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo kuwa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigena ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA A. Ku birebana n’ingingo yo kwemera icyaha bwa mbere ku rwego rw’ubujurire

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[15] Ingingo ya 59 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko iyo ushinjwa yemeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho kandi akabikora bitarenze mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, ibi bishobora kumubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [16] Kuri iyi ngingo, ubujurire bwa Baranyeretse Théoneste bugamije gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko yahisemo, ku rwego rw’ubujurire, kwemera icyaha no kugisabira imbabazi. [17] Ikibazo kirebana no kugabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku kuba ushinjwa yemereye icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, aho rwagaragaje ko iyi ngingo ntacyo yamarira uyiburanisha kubera ko Itegeko ryagennye igihe uwemera icyaha agomba kubikora kugira ngo abishingireho nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [18] Baranyeretse Théoneste, mu nyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 2/3/2020, imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha yavuze ko atemera icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi , ko yemera ko urumogi ruvugwa rwabonywe mu gikapu yari afite ariko akavuga ko ari uwitwa Bugingo Joseph wakimuhaye ngo akimutwaze yimukira iMahoko kuko bari basanzwe baziranye kandi ko yamwemereye igihembo cy’amafranga 5000 akanamwishyurira moto yo kumutwara ariko ngo akaba yari yamubwiye ko harimo imyenda. Iyo akaba ari nayo miburanire yakomeje mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu ndetse no mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, n’ubwo imbere yarwo Baranyeretse avuga ko yemera icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, nyamara kubiburanisha nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha binyuranye n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 59 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko ushinjwa uburanisha kwemera icyaha no kugisabira imbabazi nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha abikora bitarenze mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, uru Rukiko rukaba rwarabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul. [20] Rurasanga kandi kujurira hagamijwe kwemera icyaha bisobanura ko ntacyo ushinjwa aba anenga urubanza ajuririra, ahubwo akaba aba agamije ko Urukiko rujuririrwa ruburanisha bundi bushya, hasuzumwa urubanza rwose ku birebana n’ibimenyetso n’ibindi bigize urubanza, nyamara Urukiko ruburanisha urubanza mu bujurire rukaba rufite gusa ishingano yo gusuzuma no gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza. Uyu murongo kandi ni nawo wemejwe mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire1 n’izaciwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda2 aho zagaragaje ko mu gihe hatagaragazwa inenge urubanza rujuririrwa

1 Urubanza n° RPAA 00054/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 11/6/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MAFETERI SAFARI Eric, igika cya 18, Urubanza nº RPA/GEN 00004/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 7/5/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MUNYAGISHARI Bernard, ibika bya 70-76 n’Urubanza nº RPAA 00499/2018/CA rwaciwe ku wa 30/04/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na HABYARIMANA Evariste, ibika bya 16-20.

2 “It should be noted that the Appellant presents arguments on appeal which he should have submitted before the Trial Chamber. […] The party cannot remain silent on the matter only to return on appeal to seek a trial de novo. […] "The fact that the Appellant made no objection before the Trial Chamber to the

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rufite, Urukiko rwajuririwe rukwiye kwemeza ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. [21] Urukiko rushingiye ku byasobanuwe mu bika bibanziriza iki, rurasanga ingingo yo kwemera icyaha ku rwego rw’ubujurire Baranyeretse Théoneste aburanisha nk’impamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite. [22] Urukiko rurasanga, imiburanire y’ubwunganizi igamije guhamya Baranyeretse icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge gusa kuko ntawamufashe acuruza, nta shingiro ifite kuko, uretse no kuba ushinjwa yiyemerera gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, imiburanire y’ubwunganizi inyuranye n’umurongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00436/2020/CA rwaciwe kuwa 28/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ahimpereye Ndeze Francois aho rwemeje ko ikigira umuntu umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge ataruko afatanwa ikiguzi cy’ibyo yacuruje cyangwa kuba afashwe ari kumwe n’umuguzi, ko ahubwo igihe cyose hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko ushinjwa yari yiteguye guha ibiyobyabwenge uwo ariwe wese ubikeneye, afatwa nk’umuntu ukwirakwiza ibiyobyabwenge kabone n’iyo nta muguzi wabonetse aho ibiyobyabwenge byafatiwe.

B. Ku birebana n’igabanyagihano [23] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga atari munsi ya 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. [24] Urukiko rurasanga, ingingo Baranyeretse ashingiraho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugira ngo asange abana be avuga ko basizwe ari imfubyi, uretse no kuba nta gihamya ko basigaye ari imfubyi, nyamara kandi, izi ni ingaruka buri wese yagombye gutekerezaho mbere yo kwishora mu bikorwa bibujijwe n’amategeko, kuko uwahamwe n’icyaha adashobora kubangikanya inshingano z’urugo no kurangiza igihano. [25] Urukiko rurasanga icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge Baranyeretse yakoze gifite uburemere bushingiye ku ngano ikabije y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe (udupfunyika 1541 tw’urumogi) no kuba yarahisemo kuburana ahakana icyaha kugeza aje kubyemera bwa mbere mu bujurire bwa kabiri. [26] Mu kumenya igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha Baranyeretse Théoneste yakoze, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hari izindi manza ruheruka guca ku bantu bahamijwe ibyaha bijya gusa n’icyo yahamijwe, muri zo hakaba hari urubanza RPAA 00244/2022/CA rwaciwe kuwa 04/10/2024, aho Byiringiro Innocent alias Bizuru waburanye ahakana icyaha ariko agahamwa

Registry’s decision means that, in the absence of special circumstances, he has waived his right to adduce the issue as a valid ground of appeal.’’567 In light of the foregoing, and in the absence of exceptional circumstances warranting consideration of the ground of appeal, the Appeals Chamber dismisses the ground of appeal” Case n° ICTR-96-13-A of 16/11/2001 ALFRED MUSEMA v The Prosecutor, Par. 341

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n’icyaha cyo gucuruza udupfunyika 1004 tw’urumogi, uyu akaba yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. [27] Mu rwego rwo gusanisha imicire y’imanza ku bantu bakoze ibyaha ku buryo bumwe, Urukiko rurasanga Baranyeretse Théoneste wahamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, akaba yarafatanwe ingano itubutse y’ibiyobyabwenge (udupfunyika 1541), uyu akaba yaraburanye ahakana icyaha, nubwo yaje kucyemera bwa mbere ku rwego rw’ubujurire, uyu nawe agomba kugumishwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu( 25 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga (20.100.000 Frw) yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kuko aricyo gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ashinjwa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Baranyeretse Théoneste nta shingiro bufite. [29] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00435/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 29/07/2022, igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [30] Rwemeje ko igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’ibihumbi ijana (20.100.000 Frw) Baranyeretse Théoneste yahanishijwe kubw’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, kigumyeho [31] Rutegetse ko Baranyeretse Théoneste asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.