UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. BARIYEGURA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. BARIYEGURA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00329/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. BARIYEGURA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00329/2023/CA (Mukandamage, P.J.,) 20 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itatu y’amavuko (13) – Kugabanya ibihano – Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Bariyegura Nikodemu w’imyaka mirongo itanu n’itatu (53) y’amavuko yarezwe mu Bugenzacyaha n’umwana witwa U. S. w’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’amavuko abereye nyirarume, avuga ko yamusambanyije ku ngufu. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze burega Bariyegura Nikodemu icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Bariyegura Nikodemu yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko umwana aregwa gusambanya ari mwishywa we, avuga kandi ko ari nyina wamumuteze kubera ikibazo bafitanye cy’amasambu basigiwe n’ababyeyi babo. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Bariyegura Nikodemu yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, birimo imvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha, imvugo z’umwana wahohotewe n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abatangabuhamya maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Bariyegura ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza maze ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze yemera icyaha aregwa, acyicuza, anagisabira imbabazi, anasaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko Bariyegura atagabanyirizwa igihano, kubera ko yaburanye ku rwego rwa mbere ahakana icyaha. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwasanze kwemera icyaha mu bujurire kutashingirwaho Bariyegura Nikodemu agabanyirizwa igihano, ariko bishoboka ko bwaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko, bityo rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Bariyegura yajuririye nanone Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko aribwo bwa mbere yakurikiranwa n’ubutabera, bityo ko byafatwa nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha maze akongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, agahabwa igihano gihwanye n’igihe amaze afunzwe, cyangwa icyo yahabwa kigasubikwa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yiregura avuga ko Bariyegura Nikodemu yaraburanye yemera icyaha mu Rukiko Rukuru, mu gihe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze yari yagihakanye, ariko ko urwo rukiko rwabishingiyeho hamwe no kuba aribwo bwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha mu

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nkiko, rumugabanyiriza ibihano, bityo ko kuba uregwa yaragabanyirijwe igihano kandi yarabanje kuruhanya, atakongera kugabanyirizwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022; Urubanza RPAA 00538/2022/CA, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirimana Issa, rwaciwe ku wa 18/03/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 17/09/2021, Bariyegura Nikodemu yarezwe mu Bugenzacyaha n’umwana witwa U. S. w’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’amavuko, avuga ko ku wa 12/09/2021 yaje iwabo amusaba ko bajyana kwahira ku Rugezi, bahageze amusaba ko basambana akamuha amafaranga igihumbi (1.000 frw), abyanze abikora ku ngufu, ariko atangiye kumusambanya avuza induru, abarinda Urugezi aba aribo bamutabara. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze burega Bariyegura Nikodemu icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) giteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [3] Bariyegura Nikodemu yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko umwana aregwa gusambanya ari mwishywa we, ko ari nyina wamumuteze kubera ikibazo bafitanye cy’amasambu basigiwe n’ababyeyi babo. [4] Mu rubanza RP 01110/2021/TGI/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 30/12/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Bariyegura Nikodemu yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, birimo imvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha, imvugo z’umwana wahohotewe n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Ndayisenga Valens n’ubwa Iradukunda Anitha, hanyuma rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20).

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[5] Bariyegura Nikodemu yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze yemera icyaha aregwa, acyicuza, anagisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko Bariyegura Nikodemu atagabanyirizwa igihano, kubera ko yaburanye ku rwego rwa mbere ahakana icyaha. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00324/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 22/06/2023, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwasanze kwemera icyaha mu bujurire kutashingirwaho Bariyegura Nikodemu agabanyirizwa igihano, ariko bishoboka ko bwaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [7] Bariyegura Nikodemu yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00329/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 02/12/2024, Bariyegura Nikodemu yunganiwe na Me Niyonsenga Vincent, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rudatinya Nyangezi Gaspard, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Bariyegura Nikodemu avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rutamugabanyirije igihano ku buryo buhagije, asaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Bariyegura Nikodemu atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, kuko icyo yahawe gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. [9] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba igihano Bariyegura Nikodemu yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Bariyegura Nikodemu yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa [10] Bariyegura Nikodemu n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu buzima busanzwe ari umuntu w’inyangamugayo nk’uko Ubushinjacyaha bwabigaragaje, ko aribwo bwa mbere yakurikiranwa n’ubutabera, bagasaba ko izo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zakwitabwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano kiremereye yahawe, kuko akamaro k’igihano katareberwa gusa ku buremere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, ahubwo hakwiye no kwita ku nyungu za rubanda, harimo n’iz’uregwa. [11] Bariyegura Nikodemu n’umwunganira basaba ko mu kugabanya igihano hashingirwa ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2019 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, maze agahabwa igihano gihwanye n’igihe amaze afunzwe, cyangwa icyo yahabwa kigasubikwa, kuko yamaze kubona ingaruka z’icyaha yakoze yaba kuri we, umuryango we n’umuryango nyarwanda muri rusange, cyane cyane k’uwahohotewe. Bavuga ko ubu Bariyegura Nikodemu yagororotse, kandi ko agabanyirijwe igihano byatuma ashobora kwivuza uburwayi afite bukomeye bw’umutima n’ubw’umugongo. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Bariyegura Nikodemu yaraburanye yemera icyaha mu Rukiko Rukuru, mu gihe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze yari yagihakanye, ariko ko urwo rukiko rwabishingiyeho hamwe no kuba aribwo bwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha mu nkiko, rumugabanyiriza ibihano.

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[13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuba Bariyegura Nikodemu yaragabanyirijwe igihano kandi yarabanje kuruhanya, atakongera kugabanyirizwa, naho ibyo avuga ko arwaye nta bimenyetso abitangira, ko kandi n’ubwo yaba arwaye yavurirwa mu Igororero. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko ibyo Bariyegura Nikodemu asaba ko yasubikirwa nabyo bitahabwa ishingiro hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, uwo murongo ukaba uvuga ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza RPAA 00333/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/09/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngirinshuti Didier. [16] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Bariyegura Nikodemu igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’amavuko abereye nyirarume, urukiko rwabanje rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo ku buryo icyo gihano cyagabanywa. [17] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje, ku rwego rwa mbere Bariyegura Nikodemu yahakanye icyaha aregwa, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rusanga hari ibimenyetso bikimuhamya, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Mu bujurire, Bariyegura Nikodemu yemeye icyaha, avuga ko acyicuza kandi agisabira imbabazi, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rusanga kwemera icyaha mu bujurire ntacyo byamumarira nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ariko ko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, rumugabanyiriza igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga icyaha Bariyegura Nikodemu yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’amavuko ari icyaha gikomeye, kuko gihanishwa igihano kiri hagati y’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25)1,

1 Ingingo ya 14 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ibikurikira: “Umuntu ukorera ku mwana kimwe mu bikorwa bishingiye ku gitsina bikurikira, aba akoze icyaha: (a) gushyira igitsina cy’umuntu mu gitsina, mu kibuno

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akaba yaragikoze ari umugabo mukuru kuko yari afite imyaka mirongo itanu n’itatu (53) y’amavuko, agikorera umwana abereye nyirarume kandi yagombye kuba amurinda akamuha n’uburere bwiza aho kumuhohotera nk’uko yabikoze, bityo igihano yahawe cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ntikigomba kongera kugabanywa, kuko cyagabanyijwe cyane. [19] Kutagabanyiriza Bariyegura Nikodemu igihano yahawe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruranabishingira ku zindi manza rwaciye zenda gusa n’urwe, harimo n’urubanza RPAA 00538/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 18/03/2024 , haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirimana Issa wakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’umuhungu w’imyaka 16 y’amavuko we afite imyaka 36 y’amavuko, aburana ahakana icyaha mu nzego zose, ariko uru Rukiko rusanga yagabanyirizwa igihano, kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha ku buryo buzwi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) kivuye ku myaka makumyabiri (20). [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi ibyo Bariyegura Nikodemu n’umwunganira bavuga ko yagabanyirizwa igihano agahabwa igihwanye n’igihe amaze afunzwe nta shingiro bifite, kubera ko yafunzwe ku wa 21/09/2021, ubu akaba amaze imyaka itatu (3) afunze, kandi igihano gito gishoboka ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana uri mu kigero cy’uwo yasambanyije, mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zahawe ishingiro ni imyaka icumi (10) y’igifungo. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga na none ku byerekeye isubikagihano Bariyegura Nikodemu yasabye kubera impamvu z’uburwayi atabihabwa, kuko ingingo 3 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigena ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange2 iteganya ko igihano gishobora gusubikwa ari ikitarengeje imyaka itanu (5) y’igifungo. [22] Hashingiwe ku ngingo z’amategeko, imanza byagaragajwe haruguru no ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Bariyegura Nikodemu bugamije kugabanyisha igihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugomba kugumana agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Bariyegura Nikodemu nta shingiro bufite; [24] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00324/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 22/06/2023 rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose;

cyangwa mu kanwa by’umwana; (b) gushyira urugingo urwo ari rwo rwose rw’umubiri w’umuntu mu gitsina cyangwa mu kibuno cy’umwana; (c) gukora ikindi gikorwa cyose ku mubiri w’umwana hagamijwe ishimishamubiri. Umuntu uhamijwe n’urukiko gukora kimwe mu bikorwa bivugwa mu gika cya (1) cy’iyi ngingo ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka 20 ariko kitarenze imyaka 25. (…)” 2 Iyo ngingo iteganya ibikurikira: “Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko, rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5

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[25] Rutegetse ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Bariyegura Nikodemu yahawe ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’amavuko kigumyeho; [26] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta, kuko Bariyegura Nikodemu yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.