UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BAYAVUGE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BAYAVUGE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-04-22 - Case/document no.: RPA 00011/2020/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BAYAVUGE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPA 00011/2020/CA, (Kanyange, P.J., Tugireyezu na Umugwaneza J.) 22 Mata 2022] Amategeko nshinjabyaha – Kwemera icyaha – Kwemera icyaha mu bujurire ntibyaba impamvu y’ubujurire kuko uregwa ntacyo aba anenga imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, Ubushinjacyaha bumukurikiranye uregwa ku cyaha cyo guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda, buvuga ko ku wa 08/3/2019, ubwo yari mu kabari k’uwitwa Ishimwe hamwe n’abandi bantu, yavuganye n’uwitwa Nzahumunyurwa umwanya, bageze aho bamera nk’abashwanye, Bayavuge arasohoka, yerekeza ahari amabutike hafi y’ako kabari ariko agenda yitotomba, ageze aho uwitwa Ntakirutimana acururiza amubaza impamvu yitotomba, undi amusubiza muri aya magambo «urambaza iki ko abagore bose ari kimwe, barizihiza umunsi wabo ariko Perezida Kagame wabashyize imbere agiye gupfa, bazajya he ko abagabo bazongera bakajya babakubita imihini». Bikimara kumenyekana ko uregwa yavuze ayo magambo, yahise afatwa ashyikirizwa inzego z’ubutabera atangira gukurikiranwa. Urwo rukiko rwemeje ko amagambo Bayavuge yavuze agize icyaha cyo guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). Uregwa yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere yaburanye ahakana icyaha, ariko ko mu bujurire acyemera ku buryo budashidikanywaho agasaba imbabazi umuryango nyarwanda, uko kwemera icyaha kukaba kwamubera impamvu nyoroshacyaha akagabanyirizwa igihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko ubujurire bw’uregwa nta shingiro bufite kuko ibyo asaba byo kugabanyirizwa igihano bidashoboka mu gihe mu Rukiko rubanza yahanishijwe igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kwemera icyaha mu bujurire ntibyaba impamvu y’ubujurire kuko uregwa ntacyo aba anenga imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Bityo impamvu y’ubujurire ya Bayavuge igamije kwemera icyaha mu bujurire kugira ngo agabanyirizwe igihano, nta shingiro ifite. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yakoreshejwe:

Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 183. Itegeko N⁰ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 59. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha v. Bisubireho Egide, RPAA 00074/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2022.

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Ubushinjacyaha v. Mateteri Safari Eric, RPAA 00054/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ubujurire ku wa 11/06/2021. Ubushinjacyaha v. Habyarimana Evariste, RPAA 00135/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ubujurire ku wa 30/04/2021 Urubanza [1] Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda, buvuga ko ku wa 08/3/2019, ubwo yari mu kabari k’uwitwa ISHIMWE Claudine hamwe n’abandi bantu, yavuganye na Nzahumunyurwa Emmanuel umwanya, bageze aho bamera nk’abashwanye, Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel arasohoka, yerekeza ahari amabutike hafi y’ako kabari ariko agenda yitotomba, ageze aho uwitwa Ntakirutimana Odette acururiza amubaza impamvu yitotomba, undi amusubiza muri aya magambo «urambaza iki ko abagore bose ari kimwe, barizihiza umunsi wabo ariko Perezida Kagame wabashyize imbere agiye gupfa, bazajya he ko abagabo bazongera bakajya babakubita imihini». Bikimara kumenyekana ko uregwa yavuze ayo magambo, yahise afatwa ashyikirizwa inzego z’ubutabera atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel yireguye ahakana icyaha aregwa, akavuga ko atigeze avuga ayo magambo, ko ari uwitwa Nzahumunyurwa Emmanuel wamugambaniye kuko yari yamushinje ko yibye ihene. [3] Mu rubanza RP00004/2019/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 25/10/2019, Urukiko rwasanze n’ubwo Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel ahakana icyaha aregwa, ariko hari ibimenyetso bifatika bikimushinja birimo imvugo ye mu Bugenzacyaha aho yemeye ko yasohotse mu kabiri yitotomba, Ntakirutimana Odette amubajijije impamvu yitotomba amusubiza ko “abagore bose ari bamwe, avuga byinshi ageze aho avuga ko abagore bari kwizihiza umunsi wabo, ariko ko Perezida Kagame Paul wabashyize imbere agiye gupfa maze bakarebe aho bazajya, ko abagabo bazongera bakajya babakubita imihini”, ubuhamya bwa Ntakirutimana Odette umushinja ko yamubwiye ayo magambo n’ubuhamya bwa Nyirahabimana Marie Grâce umushinja ko yumvise abwira Ntakirutimana Odette ayo magambo. [4] Urukiko rwemeje ko amagambo Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel yavuze agize icyaha cyo guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). [5] Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere yaburanye ahakana icyaha, ariko ko mu bujurire acyemera ku buryo budashidikanywaho agasaba imbabazi umuryango nyarwanda, uko kwemera icyaha kukaba kwamubera impamvu nyoroshacyaha akagabanyirizwa igihano. [6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Ubujurire bwa Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite kuko ibyo asaba byo kugabanyirizwa igihano bidashoboka mu gihe mu Rukiko rubanza yahanishijwe igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko.

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[7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 05/04/2022, Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel yunganiwe na Me Umugwaneza Diane, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. II. IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO.  Kumenya niba ukwemera icyaha kwa Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel mu bujurire kwaba impamvu yatuma agabanyirizwa ibihano. [8] Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel avuga ko ku rwego rwabanje yaburanye ahakana icyaha bigatuma ahanishwa igihano kiremereye kandi ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha, ageze muri Gereza arigishwa, nyuma aza kubitekerezaho asanga bibabaje bituma yihana, arajurira kugira ngo yemere icyaha mu buryo budashidikanwaho kandi asabe imbabazi umuryango nyarwanda. Asobanura ko amagambo ashinjwa yayavuze koko, asaba ko ukwemera icyaha kuri uru rwego kwamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha akagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe kugira ngo ajye kwita ku twana duto arera, akaba ariwe udushakishiriza, cyane ko ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha kandi icyaha yakoze kikaba nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje. [9] Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel n’umwunganizi we bavuga ko yari yaburanye ahakana icyaha ariko Urukiko ruza kubona ibimenyetso by’uko yagikoze, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10), ajuririra uru Rukiko kugira ngo yemere icyaha asabe imbabazi. Ko kuba Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel yemeye icyaha kuri uru rwego, bitamuvutsa amahirwe yo gusaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa ibihano, cyane cyane ko nta tegeko rimubuza kuba yakwemera icyaha kuri uru Rwego. [10] Basoza basaba Urukiko ko rwazareba neza ko Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel atahawe ibihano birebire akaba yakongera kugabanyirizwa, ibyo bigakorwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 49 n’iya 59,1º z’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Asaba kandi ko hazashingirwa no ku rubanza nº RPAA 00012/2019/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Lt Joel Mutabazi na bagenzi be, aho Urukiko rwavuze ko akamaro k’igihano katareberwa gusa ku buremere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, ahubwo hakwiye no kwitabwa ku nyungu za rubanda mu gukumira ko icyo cyaha cyazasubira, cyaba gisubiwemo n’uregwa cyangwa gikozwe n’undi, ndetse hakitabwa no ku nyungu z’uregwa hagendewe ku mwihariko wa buri rubanza. [11] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel aregwa kuba ubwo yari mu kabare yaravuze ko «Perezida Kagame Paul agiye gupfa maze barebe aho abagore bazajya, ko abagabo bazajya babakubitisha imihini», ayo magambo yavuze akaba agize icyaha cyo guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda giteganywa kandi kigahanishwa ingingo ya 204 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1.

1 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko “Umuntu wese, mu ruhame, ukoresha imvugo, inyandiko z’ubwoko bwose, amashusho cyangwa ibimenyetso by’amoko yose, bimanitswe, bitanzwe, biguzwe cyangwa bigurishijwe cyangwa bitangajwe mu bundi buryo bwose, uwangisha rubanda ubutegetsi buriho, utera imvururu mu baturage ashaka ko basubiranamo cyangwa utera rubanda intugunda ashaka kubyutsa imidugararo muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka icumi (10) ariko kitarenze imyaka cumi n’itanu (15)”.

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[12] Bukomeza buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite kubera ko ibyo asaba byo kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba yemera icyaha, kuba ari ubwambere yakora icyaha no kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, bidashoboka kuko igihano yahawe cyo gufungwa imyaka icumi (10) aricyo gihano gito umushingamategeko yateganyirije uwahamwe n’icyaha cyo guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanza, ko hagendewe ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange2, Umucamanza atari kujya munsi y’igihano ntaregwa gito giteganywa n’itegeko, busaba Urukiko kwakira ubujurire bwa Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel rukavuga ko nta shingiro bufite, rukagumishaho igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere kuko aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Kubirebana n’ubujurire, ingingo ya 183, agace ka 5 n’aka 6 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko: “Ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro ugaragaza urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa, ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko”. [14] Ku birebana n’ukwemera icyaha k’ushinjwa gushobora gushingirwaho nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 59, agace ka 1⁰, n’aka 3⁰, y’Itegeko N⁰ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko umucamanza ashobora kugabanya igihano iyo ushinjwa yemeye icyaha mbere yo gukurikiranwa cyangwa mu ntangiriro ry’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere. [15] Imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe igaragaza ko Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel yaburanye ahakana icyaha ashinjwa, ariko Urukiko rugaragaza ko hari ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bikimuhamya, birimo ibyo yemeye mu Bugenzacya n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10), igihano ntarenga gito giteganywa mu ngingo ya 204 y’Itegeko n⁰ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yavuzwe haruguru. Mu bujurire, avuga ko noneho yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho bikaba byashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano. [16] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel avuga ko noneho muri uru Rukiko yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, bivuze ko ntacyo anenga imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso bikimushinja, ahubwo byafatwa ko asaba kuburanishwa bundi bushya ku rwego rw’ubujurire, hagasuzumwa urubanza rwose, nyamara nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, inshingano y’Urukiko rwajuririwe ari ugusuzuma amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’Urukiko rwa mbere, aba yagaragajwe n’uwajuriye. [17] Urukiko rurasanga ukwemera Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel avuga ko ashaka kugaragaza mu bujurire, yari afite uburenganzira bwo kugukoresha mu bihe biteganywa n’ingingo

2 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko “Iyo hari impamvu zigabanya ububi bw’icyaha, ibihano bishobora kugabanywa ku buryo bukurikira: 2º igihano cy’igifungo kimara igihe kizwi cyangwa ihazabu bishobora kugabanywa ariko ntibijye munsi y’igihano gitontarengwa giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”.

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ya 59 yavuzwe haruguru kuko aribwo kwashoboraga kumubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, kuba atarabikoze muri ibyo bihe bikaba bigomba gufatwa ko yivukije ubwo burenganzira, cyane cyane ko atagaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yatumye atabikora. [18] Urukiko rurasanga ku birebana n’uko ukwemera icyaha mu bujurire bitaba impamvu y’ubujurire kuko uregwa ntacyo aba anenga imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe, byaremejwe mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo urubanza RPAA 00074/2020/CA3, RPAA 00054/2020/CA4 na RPAA 00135/2020/CA5. [19] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga impamvu y’ubujurire ya Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emmanuel igamije kwemera icyaha mu bujurire kugira ngo agabanyirizwe igihano, nta shingiro ifite, bityo hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza RP 0004/2019/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 25/10/2019. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Bayavuge Ukuyemuye Emanuel nta shingiro bufite; [21] Rwemeje ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza RP 00004/2019/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 25/10/2019; [22] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isaduku ya Leta.

3 Reba urubanza nº RPAA 00074/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/01/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bisubireho Egide, p.5 – 6. 4 Reba urubanza nº RPAA 00054/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 11/06/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mateteri Safari Eric, p.5. 5 Reba urubanza nº RPAA 00135/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 30/04/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habyarimana Evariste, p.4-5.