BAYINGANA N’ABANDI v. UMUJYI WA KIGALI

# BAYINGANA N’ABANDI v. UMUJYI WA KIGALI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-11-21 - Case/document no.: RADAA00009/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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BAYINGANA N’ABANDI v. UMUJYI WA KIGALI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RADAA00009/2024/CA (Rutazana, J. P.) 21 Ugushyingo 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’ubutegetsi – Kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange – Indishyi ikwiye – Kwishyura indishyi ikwiye – Iyo uwimurwa n’urwego rwimura batumvikanye ku igenagaciro mvuguruza ry’umutungo wimurwa hakorwa inyandikomvugo y’ibyo batemeranyijweho, uwimurwa akaba afite uburenganzira bwo kuregera urukiko rubifitiye ububasha mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 15 – Kugira ngo igikorwa cyo kwimura abantu ku nyungu rusange kidahagarara kubera izo mpaka zigihari ku gaciro k’umutungo, urwego rwimura ruba rwishyuye uwimurwa agaciro kawo rwemeje mu igenagaciro rwakoze. Amategeko agenga imanza z’ubutegetsi – Kwimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange – Kwishyura indishyi ikwiye – Mu gihe uwimura n’uwimurwa bumvikanye ku ndishyi ikwiye, uwimurwa agomba kwishyurwa mbere y’uko yimuka, kugira ngo iyimurwa ryemerwe, bikaba bigomba gukorwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 120 ibarwa guhera igihe indishyi ikwiye yemerejweho n’urwego bireba, rutabyubahiriza iyimurwa rita agaciro. Incamake y’ikibazo: Bayingana n’Abavandimwe be batanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge basaba kwemeza ko iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange bakorewe n’Umujyi wa Kigali, ku mutungo wabo wari uherereye mu Karere ka Gasabo, mu Murenge wa Remera, akagali ka Rukiri I, ryataye agaciro, kuko igihe cy’iminsi 120 Umujyi wa Kigali wagombaga kubishyuramo indishyi ikwiye cyarenze. Basobanura ko icyo kirego bagitanze nyuma yo kubarirwa agaciro k’uwo mutungo wabo wari wubatseho station ya essence n’Umujyi wa Kigali, ariko basanga amafaranga bawugeneye ari make cyane, bakoresha igenagaciro mvuguruza (contre expertise), ariko naryo ntibaryumvikanaho, kuko Umujyi wa Kigali wakomeje gutsimbarara ku cyemezo cyawo cy’uko ingurane ikwiye bagomba kwishyurwa ingana na 75.449.723Frw. Bashingiye ku ngingo ya 36 y’Itegeko No 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, bavuga ko iminsi 120 iteganywa n’iyo ngingo yarenze, kuko bategetswe kuva mu mutungo wabo kugira ngo umuhanda ukorwe, ariko kugeza igihe batangiye icyo kirego Umujyi wa Kigali ukaba wari utarabishyura ingurane ikwiye wemeje. Akaba ariyo mpamvu basabye Urukiko kwemeza ko iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange bakorewe ryataye agaciro, rugategeka Umujyi wa Kigali kubasubiza umutungo wabo (ubutaka na station ya essence yari yubatseho) bitashoboka bakishyurwa ikiguzi cy’uwo mutungo kingana na 534.143.240Frw. Mbere yo kwiregura kuri icyo kirego, Umujyi wa Kigali watanze inzitizi yo kuba kitakwakirwa kuko Abarega bagitanze hatubahirije igihe cy’iminsi 15 giteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko No 32/2015 ryavuzwe haruguru, kibarwa guhera ku itariki yakozweho inyandiko igaragaza ko impande zombie zitumvikanye ku igenagaciro ry’umutungo warebwaga n’iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange. Ku birebana n’ikirego nyirizina Umujyi wa Kigali uvuga ko nta shingiro gifite, kuko Abarega bimuwe ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, bityo bakaba bakwiye guhabwa ingurane ikwiye hashingiwe ku igenagaciro wagaragaje. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cy’Abarega gifite ishingiro, ko bishyurwa agaciro ku mutungo wabo bagaragaje, kuko iyimurwa bakorewe ryataye agaciro, Umujyi wa Kigali ukaba utarubahirije iminsi 120 yo kuba yabishyuye ingurane ikwiye. Umujyi wa Kigali wajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru uvuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwirengagije inzitizi wari watanze yo kutakira ikirego cy’Abarega kuko cyatanzwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, no kuba rwarabageneye indishyi zibazwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bufite ishingiro, ko ikirego cy’Abarega kitagombaga kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe kuko cyatanzwe mu nzira zidakurikije amategeko, bityo amafaranga Umujyi wa Kigali wari warategetswe kwishyura Abarega utagomba kuyishyura. Abarega bajuririye icyo cyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire bavuga ko ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali butagombaga kwakirwa kuko bwatanzwe na sosiyete y’ubucuruzi nyamara itabifitiye ububasha, kuba rwarasuzumye inzitizi yatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali igamije gusaba ko ikirego cyabo kitakirwa ku

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mpamvu y’uko cyatanzwe impitagihe, kuba rwarakiriye ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali ku bijyanye n’indishyi wari wategetswe kwishyura no kuba bataragombaga gutegekwa kwishyura Umujyi wa Kigali amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka, ahubwo bakaba aribo bayasaba uru Rukiko ko rwayabagenera muri ubu bujurire. Umujyi wa Kigali wireguye kuri izo mpamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe n’Abarega, aho wasobanuye ko yagiranye n’iyo sosiyete y’ubucuruzi “Noble Advocates Ltd” igizwe n’Abavoka, akaba ari cabinet itangira abantu ibirego ndetse ikanababuranira, kuko abavoka nta tegeko ribabuza kwishyira hamwe. Uvuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru nta kosa rwakoze rwo kuba rwarasuzumye inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cy’Abarega n’abavandimwe be yari yatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere ntiyasuzumwa, hakaba rero nta cyari kuwubuza kubigaragaza ku rwego rw’ubujurire. Umujyi wa Kigali ukomeza usobanura ko ikirego cy’Abarega kitagombaga kwakirwa kuko hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 34, igika cya 3 n’icya 4, No 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, nyuma y’uko hakozwe inyandikomvugo yo kutumvikana ku ngurane ikwiye, Abarega bari bafite igihe cy’iminsi 15 cyo kuregera Urukiko. Uvuga ko kuba Abarega batarubahirije icyo gihe cy’iminsi 15, bariyambuye uburenganzira bwo bahabwa n’itegeko; naho ibyo bavuga ko indishyi baregeye ari iziteganywa n’amategeko asanzwe bikaba nta shingiro bifite. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Iyo uwimurwa n’urwego rwimura batumvikanye ku igenagaciro mvuguruza ry’umutungo wimurwa hakorwa inyandikomvugo y’ibyo batemeranyijweho, uwimurwa akaba afite uburenganzira bwo kuregera urukiko rubifitiye ububasha mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 15. Mu gihe hagitegerejwe icyemezo cy’urukiko, urwego rwimura ruba rwishyuye uwimurwa agaciro k’umutungo rwemeje mu igenagaciro rwakoze kugira ngo igikorwa cyo kwimura abantu ku nyungu rusange kidahagarara. 2. Mu gihe uwimura n’uwimurwa bumvikanye ku ndishyi ikwiye, uwimurwa agomba kwishyurwa mbere y’uko yimuka, kugira ngo iyimurwa ryemerwe, bigakorwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 120 ibarwa guhera igihe indishyi ikwiye yemerejweho n’urwego bireba, rutabyubahiriza iyimurwa rita agaciro. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama aherera ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N˚ 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, ingingo ya 4. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya, 72, 110, 111, 149 n’iya 150. Itegeko No 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, ingingo ya 34, 35, 36 n’iya 37. Itegeko Nº 83/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 rishyiraho Urugaga rw'Abavoka mu Rwanda rikanagena imitunganyirize n’imikorere byarwo, ingingo ya 2, 6, 41 n’iya 46. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Bayingana Holvis, Bayingana Cassandra, Uwase Ornella na Munyana Jolie ni abazungura ba Bayingana Victor; bavuga ko bari bafite ubutaka bubaruye kuri UPI: 01/02/13/03/101, buherereye mu Kagari ka Rukiri I, Umurenge wa Remera, Akarere ka Gasabo, bwari bwubatsemo station ya essence, maze mu mwaka wa 2017 ubwo Umujyi wa Kigali wakoraga ibikorwa byo kwagura umuhanda Rwandex- Sonatube- Prince House biba ngombwa ko iyo station ya essence yimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange.

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[2] Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be bavuzwe haurguru bavuga ko nyuma yo kubarirwa agaciro k’uwo mutungo wabo wari wubatseho station ya essence Umujyi wa Kigali wabageneye indishyi ikwiye ingana na 75.449.723Frw, basanga ayo mafaranga ari make cyane maze ku wa 14/02/2018 bakoresha igenagaciro mvuguruza (contre expertise), rigaragaza ko ubutaka bwabo na station ya essence yubatseho bifite agaciro kangana na 534.143.240Frw, ariko ntibabyumvikanaho n’Umujyi wa Kigali kuko wakomeje gutsimbarara ku cyemezo cyawo cy’uko ingurane ikwiye bagomba kwishyurwa ingana na 75.449.723Frw. [3] Ku wa 15/05/2021 Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be batanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, bavuga ko iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange bakorewe ku gice cy’ubutaka bwabo bwavuzwe haruguru ryataye agaciro hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 36 y’Itegeko No 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, kuko bategetswe kuva mu mutungo wabo kugira ngo umuhanda ukorwe, ariko kugeza igihe batangiye ikirego Umujyi wa Kigali ukaba wari utarabishyurwa ingurane ikwiye wemeje, bityo rero igihe cy’iminsi 120 bagombaga kwishyurwamo giteganywa muri iyo ngingo kikaba cyararenze. [4] Mu kirego cyabo basaba rero Urukiko kwemeza ko iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange bakorewe ryataye agaciro, no gutegeka Umujyi wa Kigali kubasubiza umutungo wabo (ubutaka na station ya essence yari yubatseho) bitashoboka bakishyurwa ikiguzi cy’uwo mutungo kingana na 534.143.240Frw, kibazwe hitawe ku kuba station ya essence yari yubatseho yarakodeshwaga 6.690USD ku kwezi; kubishyura indishyi zingana n’amafaranga iyo station ya essence yakodeshwaga, zibariye kuri 5.500USD ku kwezi guhera igihe bamburiwe umutungo wabo, n’inyungu zayo zingana na 2% ku kwezi; indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 50.000.000Frw n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [5] Mbere yo kwiregura ku kirego nyir’izina, uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali yabyukije inzitizi igamije gusaba ko kitakirwa kuko cyagitanzwe hatubahirije igihe cy’iminsi 15 giteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko No 32/2015 ryavuzwe haruguru, kibarwa guhera ku wa 08/03/2018 ubwo hakorwaga inyandiko igaragaza ko impande zombi zitumvikanye ku igenagaciro ry’umutungo warebwaga n’iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange; naho ku bijyaye n’ikirego nyir’izina avuga ko nta shingiro gifite, kuko abarega bimuwe ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange biryo bakaba bakwiye guhabwa ingurane ikwiye hashingiwe ku igenagaciro ryagaragaje ko umutungo wabo ufite agaciro kangana na 75.449.723Frw, cyane cyane ko ibikorwa byabo babyimuriye ahandi ubucuruzi bwabo bugakomeza gutanga umusaruro bifuza; bityo indishyi basaba zikaba nta shingiro zifite. [6] Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be bavuze ko inzitizi yatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali nta shingiro ifite kuko ikirego cyabo kitagamije gusaba guhabwa ingurane ikwiye, ahubwo icyo basabye Urukiko ari ukwemeza ko iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange bakorewe ryataye agaciro no kubibahera indishyi zisanzwe, bityo rero iyo nzitizi ikaba itajyanye n’ikirego batanze. [7] Mu rubanza RAD00097/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 21/10/2022, rwemeje ko Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be bimuwe ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, rutegeka Umujyi wa Kigali kubishyura ingurane ikwiye y’umutungo wabo, ingana na 534.143.240Frw; 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’uwakoze igenagaciro ku ruhande rw’abarega na 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. Inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego yavuzwe haruguru ntacyo Urukiko rwayivuzeho. [8] Umujyi wa Kigali wajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, ushingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira: kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwarirengagije gusuzuma inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego kuko kitubahirije ibihe biteganywa n’itegeko, no kuba indishyi Urukiko rwageneye Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be zarabazwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Umujyi wa Kigali kandi wasabye guhabwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [9] Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be bireguye kuri ubwo bujurire bavuga ko butagomba kwakirwa bashingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira: kuba bwaratanzwe na Noble Advocates Ltd kandi nka sosiyete y’ubucuruzi

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itemerewe guhagararira ababuranyi mu Rukiko, kuko izo nshingano zahawe abavoka ku giti cyabo; no kuba Umujyi wa Kigali warajuriye uvuga ko indishyi bagenewe zabazwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ariko ntugaragaze amakosa Urukiko rwakoze mu kuzibara n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa. [10] Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe bavugaga kandi ko n’iyo ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bwakwakirwa Urukiko rukwiye kwemeza ko nta shingiro bufite kubera impamvu zikurikira: a) Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge nta kosa rwakoze mu kudasuzuma inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego, kuko n’ubwo bayitanze mu myanzuro yabo, mu iburanisha batayigarutseho, ibi bikaba bivuze ko bayiretse; b) n’iyo Urukiko rusanga iyo nzitizi barayitanze koko, ntirwagombaga kuyakira kuko bayitanze nk’ikirego kigamije kwiregura nyamara itari mu bishobora gutangwa muri ubwo buryo hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 1101 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, kuko itagamije gusaba ko bagira icyo bacibwa nk’abareze; c) Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko ikirego cyabo gifite ishingiro kuko rwasanze Umujyi wa Kigali utarubahirije ibihe byo kwishyura ingurane ikwiye biteganywa n’amategeko, bityo rutesha agaciro iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange bakorewe. Mu bujurire bwabo kandi basabye ko aribo bahabwa indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza kuko Umujyi wa Kigali ariwo wishoye mu manza. [11] Uwitwa Bayingana Yvan yagobotse mu rubanza ku bushake kuri urwo rwego rw’ubujurire, avuga ko ari umuvandimwe w’abareze akaba afite inyungu zimwe n’izabo mu rubanza, kandi ko ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali nta shingiro bufite bityo ibyo abavandimwe be basaba bakaba bagomba kubigabana. [12] Mu rubanza RADA00066/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 15/03/2024, rwasanze ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bukwiriye kwakirwa kandi bufite ishingiro, naho inzitizi n’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi byatanzwe na Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be nta shingiro bifite; rwemeza ko ikirego cyabo kitagombaga kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe kuko cyatanzwe mu nzira zidakurikije amategeko, bityo n’amafaranga Umujyi wa Kigali wategetswe kubishyura ukaba utagomba kuyishyura; rutegeka Bayingana Holvis, Bayingana Cassandra, Uwase Ornella, Munyanga Jolie na Bayingana Yvan gufatanya kwishyura Umujyi wa Kigali 1.000.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka na 40.000Frw y’amagarama watanze ujurira. [13] Ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rwabyemeje rushingiye ku mpamvu n’ibisobanuro bikurikira: a) Inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali ku mpamvu y’uko bwatanzwe na Noble Advocates Ltd itabifitiye ububasha nta shingiro ifite, kuko cabinet ubwayo atari umuntu ku buryo yakora igikorwa runaka, ahubwo iba igizwe n’abavoka kandi ikaba ikora ihagarariwe n’umwe mu bavoka bayigize, nyamara abajuriye bakaba batagaragaza ko Noble Advocates Ltd itagizwe n’abavoka bityo ko n’ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali butatanzwe n’abavoka; b) ntacyo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwashingiyeho mu kudasuzuma inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego yatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali, kuko iyo ruba rwaraketse ko bayiretse rwagombaga kubibaza, bigasobanuka aho kubibatekerereza; kuba mu iburanisha uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali atarayigarutse bikaba bivuze ko nta bindi bisobanuro yari akeneye kuyitangaho;

1 Ingingo ya 110 No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira mu gika cyayo cya 1 n’icya 2: ikirego kiregera kwiregura ni igitangwa n’uregwa agamije gusaba ko urega agira ibyo acibwa muri urwo rubanza. Ikirego kiregera kwiregura cyakirwa gusa iyo kiri mu bubasha bw’urukiko rwaregewe kandi kigamije nibura kimwe muri ibi bikurikira: 1° kwiregura k’uregwa ku kirego cy’iremezo cyangwa ibifitanye isano nacyo; 2° guhwanya imyenda kugira ngo ababuranyi babe bishyuranye. (…).

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c) nta cyabuza ko ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bwakirwa bugasuzumwa, kuko n’ubwo utasobanuye mu buryo bwimbitse uburyo indishyi abareze bagenewe zabazwe binyuranyije n’amategeko, iki kibazo cyari cyagiweho impaka ku rwego rubanza, Umujyi wa Kigali ugaragaza ko igenegaciro ryashingiweho ryakozwe mu buryo bunyuranye n’uko indishyi ikwiye yishyurwa mu gihe cyo kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange ibarwa; ko rero ibyo bisobanuro ari nabyo basabaga ko byongera gusuzumwa mu bujurire; d) abajuriye ntibagaragaza icyo bashingiraho bavuga ko inzitizi yatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali usaba ko ikirego cyabo kitakirwa kuko cyatanzwe impitagihe atari ukwiregura ku kirego warezwe, cyangwa ngo bagaragaze ubundi buryo iyo nzitizi yagombaga gutangwamo; e) igihe cy’iminsi 120 ivugwa mu ngingo ya 36 y’Itegeko N° 32/2015 ryo kuwa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, gikurikizwa iyo indishyi ikwiye yemejwe n’urwego bireba (Inama Njyanama ku rwego rw’Akarere, ku rwego rw’Umujyi wa Kigali cyangwa Minisiteri bireba); kikabarwa uhereye igihe indishyi ikwiye igomba kwishyurwa yemerewe n’urwego rwishyura; nyamara ibi bikaba atari ko bimeze ku bireba Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be kuko batumvikanye n’Umujyi wa Kigali ku ngurane ikwiye bagomba kwishyurwa, hakanakorwa inyandiko mvugo yo kutumvikana; f) ahubwo hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo gika cya kane cy’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 32/2015 ryo kuwa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, iyo habayeho kutumvikana ku ndishyi ikwiye (nk’uko byagenze ku bibareba), nyir’umutungo aba afite iminsi 15 yo kuregera urukiko rubifitiye ububasha; ibi bikaba ari byo Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be bagombaga gukora nyamara bakaba bemera ko iyo minsi 15 yarenze nta kirego batanze; bityo rero ikirego batanze basaba ko hemezwa ko iyimurwa bakorewe ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange ryataye agaciro bashingiye ku kuba Umujyi wa Kigali warengeje iminsi 120 utabishyuye ingurane wari wagennye ko bishyurwa kikaba kitaragombaga kwakirwa kuko cyatanzwe mu nzira zidakurikije amategeko. [14] Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be bajuririye urubanza RADA00066/2022/HC/KIG mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwabo bwandikwa kuri RADAA00009/2024/CA, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 10/11/2025, Bayingana Holvis, Bayingana Cassandra na Uwase Ornella bahagarariwe na Me Abijuru Emmanuel, Bayingana Yvan ahagarariwe na Me Ntigurirwa François, Munyana Jolie ahagarariwe na Me Nsengiyumva Abel naho Umujyi wa Kigali uhagarariwe na Me Ntirushwamaboko Aloys. Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryarapfundikiwe, ababuranyi bamenyeshwa ko icyemezo kizasomwa ku wa 21/11/2025. [15] Ubujurire bwa Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be bushingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira: a) Kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga kwakira ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali kuko bwatanzwe na cabinet d’Avocats Noble Advocates Ltd nyamara itabifitiye ububasha kuko ari sosiyete y’ubucuruzi; b) Kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga gusuzuma inzitizi yatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali igamije gusaba ko ikirego cyabo kitakirwa ku mpamvu y’uko cyatanzwe impitagihe, kuko n’ubwo yari yatanzwe mu myanzuro ariko mu iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere Umujyi wa Kigali uyatigarutseho ngo n’Urukiko ruyiburanisheho, bivuze ko wari wayiretse; uretse n’ibyo kandi iyo nzitizi ikaba nta shingiro ifite kuko irebana n’ibirego bisaba guhabwa ingurane ikwiye kandi bo bakaba bararegeye indishyi zisanzwe zikomoka ku kuba iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange bakorewe ryarataye agaciro, kandi bene ibi birego bikaba bitarahawe igihe ntarengwa bigomba kuba byatanzwemo; c) Kuba ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali ku bijyanye n’indishyi wategetswe kwishyura butaragombaga kwakirwa, kuko uretse gusa kuvuga ko izo ndishyi zabazwe mu buryo butandukanye n’ubuteganywa n’amategeko, Umujyi wa Kigali utagaragaje amakosa yakozwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye n’uko yagombaga gukosorwa (inenge ziri mu buryo izo ndishyi zabazwe, amategeko atarubahirijwe ayo ari yo kimwe n’ayagombaga gushingirwaho);

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d) Kuba Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be bataragombaga gutegekwa kwishyura Umujyi wa Kigali amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. e) Basaba kandi kugenerwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego.

[16] Uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali avuga ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite ashingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira: a) Umujyi wa Kigali wagiranye na Noble Advocates Ltd amasezerano yo kuwuhagararira mu manza kandi iyi cabinet ikaba igizwe n’Abavoka; bityo rero kuba IECMS igaragaza ko ari yo yatanze ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bikaba atari impamvu yatuma butakirwa; b) nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu gusuzuma inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be, kuko yari yatanzwe mu myanzuro kandi ikagibwaho impaka mu iburanisha; c) nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu kwakira ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali ku bijyanye n’indishyi Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be bagenewe, kuko wagaragaje inenge y’uko zabazwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’amategeko; d) nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu kwemeza ko ikirego cya Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be gisaba kwemeza ko iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange bakorewe ryataye agaciro kitagombaga kwakirwa kuko cyatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko; bityo n’indishyi zinyuranye basaba (agaciro k’umutungo wabo, amafaranga y’ubukode bwa station ya essence n’inyungu zayo, indishyi z’akababaro) zika ba nta shingiro zifite; e) abajuriye bagomba kwirengera amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza kuko ari bo bishoye mu manza. [17] Nyuma y’izo mpaka, Urukiko rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira bigize urubanza: a) kumenya niba ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bwaratanzwe na cabinet yiwa Noble Advocates Ltd kandi idafite ububasha bwo gutangira abantu ibirego, ku buryo Urukiko Rukuru rutagombaga kubwakira; b) kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga gusuzuma inzitizi yatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali igamije gusaba ko ikirego cya Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be kitakirwa; c) Kumenya niba mu bujurire Umujyi wa Kigali utaragaragaje icyo unenga icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru ku bijyanye n’uburyo indishyi Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be bagenewe zabazwe, ku buryo butagombaga kwakirwa; d) kumenya niba ikirego cya Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be cyaratanzwe mu nzira zinyuranyije n’amategeko ku buryo kitagombaga kwakirwa; e) mu gihe cyaba cyakiriwe, kumenya niba iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange abajuriye bakorewe ryarataye agaciro; f) kumenya niba Umujyi wa Kigali ukwiye gutegekwa kwishyura abajuriye indishyi zinyuranye basaba (534.143.240Frw y’agaciro k’umutungo wabo; amafaranga y’ubukode bwa station ya essence bubariwe kuri 5.500 USD ku kwezi n’inyungu zayo zibariwe kuri 2% ku kwezi, na 50.000.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro); g) ibyerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka ababuranyi basaba. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

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1) Kumenya niba ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bwaratanzwe na cabinet yitwa Noble Advocates Ltd kandi idafite ububasha bwo gutangira abantu ibirego, ku buryo Urukiko Rukuru rutagombaga kubwakira [18] Me Abijuru Emmanuel, Me Ntigurirwa François na Me Nsengiyumva Abel baburanira abajuriye bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bugomba kwakirwa, rwirengagije ko bwatanzwe na cabinet y’abavoka yitwa Noble Advocates Ltd kandi iyi ari sosiyete y’ubucuruzi idafite ububasha bwo gutangira abantu ibirego. Basobanura ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 1492 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetse, iya 2 (a)3, iya 64 n’iya 465 z’Itegeko Nº 83/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 rishyiraho Urugaga rw'Abavoka mu Rwanda rikanagena imitunganyirize n’imikorere byarwo, ikirego cy’umuburanyi kigomba gutangwa n’umwavoka ku giti cye kuko ubuzimagatozi bwa cabinet butandukanye n’ubw’Abavoka bayigize, bityo ububasha abavoka bahawe bukaba budakwiye kwitiranywa n’ubw’itsinda ry’Abavoka bibumbiye muri cabinet. [19] Bakomeza basobanura ko kuba abavoka bakwishyira hamwe bituma bakorana mu ishyirahamwe (association), kandi ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 43 y’Itegeko rishyiraho Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda rikanagena imitunganyirize n’imikorere byarwo, izina rihawe iryo shyirahamwe riherekezwa buri gihe n’amazina y’abishyize hamwe, kandi buri wese mu barigize akaba agomba kurangiza inshingano yo guhagararira ababuranyi no kubatangira ibirego ku giti cye. [20] Ababuranira abajuriye bavuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rwanirengagije ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 24 y’Itegeko rigenga amasosiyete, yerekeye uburyo amasosiyete ayoborwa, iteganya ko sosiyete itandukanye n’abanyamigabane, kandi ikanagira uburyo ihagararirwa mu rwego rw’amategek; ko rero ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bwatanzwe na sosiyete itanditse ku rutonde rw’abagize Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda, bityo bukaba butagomba kwakirwa kuko bwatanzwe n’utabifitiye ububasha. Bavuga ko babyukije izi mpaka kuko hari ikibazo cy’abantu bazi amategeko biyemeje kujya batangira abandi ibirego nyamara batari ku rutonde rw’Abavoka. [21] Uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali avuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kuko Umujyi wa Kigali nk’urwego rufite ubuzimagatozi, wagiranye amasezerano na cabinet z’abavoka ziwuburanira zikanawuhagararira mu nzego zitandukanye, harimo na Noble Advocates Ltd kandi hakaba nta Tegeko ribibuza; avuga kandi ko uretse kwirengagiza, n’ababuranira abajuriye bazi neza ko babarizwa muri za cabinets kandi ko zitangira abantu ibirego. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [22] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga kwakira ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali kuko bwatanzwe na cabinet y’abavoka yitwa Noble Advocates Ltd kandi iyi ari sosiyete y’ubucuruzi itemerewe gutanga ibirego mu nkiko.

2 Iyi ngingo y’Itegeko iteganya ibikurikira: hajurira umuburanyi, umuburanira cyangwa uwo yahaye urubanza abikoze mu buryo bumwe n’ubwo gutanga ikirego akabishyikiriza urukiko rujuririrwa. 3 Ingingo ya 2(a) y’Itegeko No 83/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 rishyiraho Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda iteganya ibikurikira: avoka ni umunyamwuga w’amategeko ufasha ubutabera, ushinzwe guhagararira, kunganira no kuburanira abantu mu nzego z’ubutegetsi, iz’ubucamanza n’izindi zose zifata ibyemezo. Ashobora gutegura umwanzuro no gufata ijambo imbere y’izo nzego. Ashobora kandi kugishwa inama, kunga no gukora inyandiko zose abaje bamugana bakeneye imbere y’amategeko. 4 Iyi ngingo y’Itegeko iteganya ibigomba kuzuzwa n’usaba kwemererwa gukora umurimo w’ubwavoka. 5 Ingingo ya 46, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko rishyiraho Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda iteganya ko abavoka banditse ku rutonde rw’abavoka cyangwa ku ilisiti y’abamenyerezwa umwuga bashobora kuburana, guhagararira ababurana, kubunganira, gukora imyanzuro no gufata ijambo mu nkiko zose z’u Rwanda.

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[23] Ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko No 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso iteganya ibikurikira: “Urega cyangwa utanze ikibazo agaragaza ikimenyetso cy’ibyo aregera cyangwa asaba (….). [24] Ingingo ya 41 y’Itegeko No 83/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 rishyiraho Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda rikanagena imitunganyirize n’imikorere byarwo iteganya ko umwavoka ashobora gukora uwo mwuga wenyine cyangwa afatanyije n’abandi mu rwego rw’ishyirahamwe ridafite ubuzimagatozi. Ashobora kandi gukorana mu buryo bw’ishyirahamwe cyangwa ubufatanye n’abandi bavoka bifite ubuzimagatozi hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga. [25] Kopi y’urubanza rwajuririwe igaragaza ko mu gika cya 12 Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko cabinet iba igizwe n’abavoka kandi ko ikora ihagarariwe n’abo bavoka bayigize, kuko yo ubwayo atari umuntu ku buryo yakora igikorwa runaka; maze rwanzura ko inzitizi yatanzwe na Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be nta shingiro ifite kuko batagaragaza ko Noble Advocates Ltd itagizwe n’abavoka, kuko ari bwo byafatwa ko ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali atanzwe n’udafite ububasha. [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga mu bujurire bwabo, Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be badahakana ko cabinet yitwa Noble Advocates Ltd igizwe n’abavoka. Icyo bavuga ni uko IECMS igaragaza ko iyo cabinet ariyo yatanze ubujurire; kandi hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 41 y’Itegeko No 83/2013 yavuzwe haruguru, umwavoka ashobora gukora uwo mwuga afatanyije n’abandi, haba mu ishyirahamwe rifite ubuzimagatozi cyangwa se ritabufite; ibi bikaba byumvikanisha ko muri icyo gihe abavoka bishyize hamwe ibikorwa byabo babikorera mu ishyirahamwe; nk’uko rero Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye, cabinet y’abavoka nk’ishyirahamwe ubwaryo ntiyakora ibikorwa birimo nko gutanga ubujurire; ahubwo byumvikana ko ubujurire butangwa n’umwe mu bavoka bayigize, no ku bireba Noble Advocates Ltd bikaba ariko bigomba kumvikana; hashingiwe kuri ibyo bisobanuro no ku ngingo ya 4 y’Itegeko No 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso yavuzwe haruguru, ubujurire bwa Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be kuri iyi ngingo bukaba nta shingiro bufite kuko batagaragaza ko abagize Noble Advocates Ltd atari abavoka ku buryo byakumvikana ko uwajuriye (ahagarariye iyo cabinet) atari umwavoka ufite ububasha bwo guhagararira cyangwa kunganira ababuranyi mu nkiko. 2) Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga gusuzuma inzitizi yatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali igamije gusaba ko ikirego cya Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be kitakirwa [27] Uhagarariye Bayingana Holvis, Bayingana Cassandra na Uwase Ornella avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko inzitizi yatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali igomba gusuzumwa rwirengagije ko ingingo ya 72, 6° na 7° y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi yerekeye uburyo iburanisha rigenda, iteganya ko Perezida w’inteko iburanisha asuzumira hamwe n’ababuranyi inzitizi ku rubanza, zaba zitarakemuwe mu nama ntegurarubanza akazifataho icyemezo. Asobanura ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaravuze ko kuba iyo nzitizi yarashyizwe mu myanzuro ariko uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali ntayigarukeho mu iburanisha byari bivuze ko ntacyo bongeraga ku byo bari bashyize mu myanzuro, binyuranyije n’iyo ngingo ya 72, kuba inzitizi itaragiweho impaka mu iburanisha imbere y’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bikaba byumvikanisha ko nta nzitizi yari igihari, ko n’ibyavuzwe mu myanzuro bitari bigisabirwa gusuzumwa, bityo bikaba bitaragombaga kugaruruwa imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru. [28] Uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali avuga inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be yari yatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere ntiyasuzumwa, hakaba rero nta cyari kubabuza kubigaragaza ku rwego rw’ubujurire, bityo Urukiko Rukuru rukaba nta kosa rwakoze mu kuyisuzuma. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [29] Impaka ziri hagati y’ababuranyi kuri iki kibazo zijyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga gusuzuma impamvu y’ubujurire yatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali, ijyanye no kuba ku rwego rwa

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mbere Urukiko rwarirengagije gusuzuma inzitizi batanze igamije gusaba kutakira ikirego cya Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be. Aba bavuga ko iyo nzitizi itagombaga gusuzumwa kuko ku rwego rwa mbere Umuyi wa Kigali utayigarutseho mu iburanisha bityo ukaba warayiretse, naho uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali akavuga ko iyo nzitizi yagiweho impaka mu iburanisha imbere y’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge nyamara mu guca urubanza ntirwagira icyo ruyivugaho, ari yo mpamvu babijuririye. [30] Ingingo ya 150 y’Itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, bimwe mu bigomba kugaragazwa muri uwo mwanzuro bikaba urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa n’ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko (reba agace ka 5 n’aka 6 tw’iyo ngingo). [31] Kopi y’urubanza rwajuririwe igaragaza ko mu gika cya 21 Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwagombaga gusuzuma inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego yavuzwe haruguru, kuko Umujyi wa Kigali wari wayitanze mu myanzuro yawo uranayisobanura mu nama ntegurarubanza, kuba batarayigarutseho mu iburanisha bikaba bivuze ko nta bindi bisobanuro bari bakeneye kuyitangaho, Urukiko rukaba rutaragombaga kubatekerereza ko bayiretse, ahubwo iyo narwo rubibona rutyo rwari kubibaza bigasobanuka. [32] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu iburanisha ry’urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere ibijyanye n’inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego yabyukijwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali byaragiweho impaka, uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali asobanurira Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ko batanze inzitizi basaba ko ikirego cya Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be kitakirwa kuko nyuma y’uko hakozwe inyandiko yo kutumvikana ku ngurane ikwiye batubahirije igihe cy’iminsi 15 giteganywa n’itegeko bagombaga gutangamo ikirego, bityo kikaba cyarashaje; Me Abijuru Emmanuel wari uhagarariye abareze nawe yiregura kuri iyo nzitizi avuga ko nta shingiro ifite kuko itarebana n’ikirego cyatanzwe hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 36 y’Itegeko No 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, kandi ko itegeko ritagennye igihe bene ibyo birego bigomba kuba byatanzwemo (reba inyandikomvugo y’iburanisha mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, yo ku wa 17/03/2022). [33] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ariko mu guca urubanza, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ntacyo rwavuze kuri iyo nzitizi; bityo rero hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 150 yavuzwe haruguru cyane cyane mu gace kayo ka 5 n’aka 6, Umujyi wa Kigali ukaba wari ufite uburenganzira bwo kubigaragariza Urukiko Rukuru nk’inenge iri mu rubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere, hashingiwe kuri ibyo bisobanuro Urukiko Rukuru rukaba nta kosa rwakoze mu gusuzuma iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire. 3) Kumenya niba ikirego cya Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be cyaratanzwe mu nzira zidakurikije amategeko ku buryo kitagombaga kwakirwa [34] Me Abijuru Emmanuel, Me Ntigurirwa François na Me Nsengiyumva Abel baburanira Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze amakosa yo gufata ikirego cyabo nk’ikigamije gusaba kwishyurwa ingurane ikwiye bituma rwemeza ko kitagombaga kwakirwa, rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko mu kugitanga batubahirije igihe cy’iminsi 15 giteganywa mu ngingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, rwirengagije ko icyo baregeye atari ugusaba kwishyurwa ingurane ikwiye, ahubwo ari ukwemeza ko iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange bakorewe ryataye agaciro, hashingiwe ku bitegayijwe mu ngingo ya 36 y’Itegeko N˚ 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange. [35] Ababuranira Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be basobanura ko ku wa 07/02/2018 Umujyi wa Kigali wafashe icyemezo cyo kubimura mu mutungo wabo ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange bakishyurwa indishyi ikwiye ingana na 75.449.723 Frw ariko ntibemeranya nawo, bakoresha igenagaciro mvuguruza

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(contre expertise) rigaragaza ko umutungo wabo ufite agaciro kangana na 534.143.240Frw, hanyuma ku wa 08/03/2018 hagati y’impande zombi (Umujyi wa Kigali na Bayingana Victor) hakorwa inyandikomvugo yo kutumvikana ku ngano y’ingurane ikwiye. Bakomeza basobanura ko nyuma y’uko kutumvikana, ku ruhande rumwe nka ba nyir’umutungo bagize uburangare ntibatanga ikirego giteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N˚ 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, gitangwa mu gihe cy’iminsi 15, kigamije gusaba Urukiko kwemeza ingurane ikwiye bagomba kwishyurwa; ariko no ku rundi ruhande Umujyi wa Kigali nawo wakoze amakosa yo kutabishyura ingurane ikwiye wemeje mu gihe cy’iminsi 120 ibarwa guhera igihe iyo ngurane yemerejwe. [36] Bakomeza basobanura ko kuba Umujyi wa Kigali utarabishyuye ingurane ikwiye wari wemeje mu gihe cy’iminsi 120 nk’uko biteganyijwe muri iyo ngingo ya 36 yavuzwe haruguru ari byo byatumye baregera Urukiko barusaba kwemeza ko icyemezo bafatiwe cyo kubimura ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange cyataye agaciro, no gutegeka Umujyi wa Kigali kubishyura indishyi zikomoka kuri ubwo bukererwe ziteganywa n’amategeko asanzwe (droit commun), kuko umutungo wabo batawusubizwa mu gihe wamaze kubakwaho umuhanda. Bavuga kandi ko bene ibi birego nta gihe ntarengwa cyagenwe bigomba gutangwamo, ariko binumvikana ko batari kugitanga mu gihe cy’iminsi 15 uhereye igihe ingurane ikwiye yemerejwe n’Umujyi WA Kigali, mu gihe nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru uru rwego rwari rufite iminsi 120 yo kuyishyura, bityo nyir’umutungo akaba adashobora kubiregera mbere y’iyo minsi. [37] Uhagarariye UmujyI wa Kigali avuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kuko nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye mu gika cya 26 cy’urubanza rwajuririwe, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 34, igika cya 3 n’icya 4, No 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, nyuma y’uko hakozwe inyandikomvugo yo kutumvikana ku ngurane ikwiye, Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe bari bafite igihe cy’iminsi 15 cyo kuregera Urukiko. [38] Uhagarariye UMUJYI WA KIGALI akomeza asobanura ko icyo gihe BAYINGANA Holvis n’abavandimwe be batacyubahirije, bityo bakaba bariyambuye uburenganzira bahabwa n’itegeko; naho ibyo bavuga ko indishyi baregeye ari iziteganywa n’amategeko asanzwe bikaba nta shingiro bifite cyane cyane ko ingingo ya 37 y’Itegeko N˚ 32/2015 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko iyo ingurane ikwiye itishyuwe ku gihe, uwimurwa ahabwa indishyi ingana na 5% y’agaciro k’umutungo we wimuwe. Ashingiye kuri ibyo bisobanuro, uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali asaba ko icyemezo cyafashwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe kigumaho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [39] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba ikirego cya Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be cyaratanzwe mu nzira zidakurikije amategeko ku buryo kitagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere. Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be bavuga ko ibyasobanuwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza rwajuririwe ko bagombaga kurega mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 15 hashingiwe ku biteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 34 y’Itegeko No 32/2015 ryavuzwe haruguru ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange nta shingiro bifite, kuko byubahirizwa mu gihe uwimurwa aregeye Urukiko asaba guhabwa ingurane ikwiye, nyamara bo bakaba barareze basaba Urukiko kwemeza ko iyimurwa ku nyungu rusange bakorewe ryataye agaciro, no kwemeza ko bishyurwa indishyi ziteganywa n’amategeko asanzwe (droit commun), kuko nyuma y’uko hakozwe inyandikomvugo yo kutumvikana ku ngurane ikwiye, Umujyi wa Kigali utabishyuye ingurane wemeje mu gihe cy’iminsi 120 ibarwa uhereye igihe yemerejwe. Naho uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali akavuga ko nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye, mu gihe impande zombi zitari zashoboye kumvikana ku ngurane ikwiye, icyo Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe bari gukora ari kuregera Urukiko mu gihe cy’iminsi 15 ibarwa uhereye igihe inyandikomvugo yo kutumvikana ikorewe, kandi bakaba batarabyubahirije, bityo bakaba bariyambuye ubureganzira bahabwa n’amategeko ku buryo batahindukira ngo barege basaba Urukiko kwemezwa ko iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange bakorewe ryataye agaciro no kubagenera indishyi bavuga ko ari iziteganywa n’amategeko asanzwe.

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[40] Ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko No 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange iteganya ibikurikira: Raporo y’agaciro mvuguruza yakozwe n’umugenagaciro cyangwa ibiro by’inyigo byazobereye mu igenagaciro ishyikirizwa urwego rwimura kugira ngo ruyifateho umwanzuro mu gihe kitarengeje iminsi itanu (5) y’akazi nyuma yo gushyikirizwa raporo y’igenagaciro mvuguruza. Iyo raporo y’agaciro mvuguruza yemewe n’urwego rwimura, isimbura iy’igenagaciro rya mbere. Hakorwa kandi inyandikomvugo ishyirwaho umukono n’uhagarariye urwego rwimura, uwimurwa n’abagenagaciro bo ku mpande zombi. Iyo raporo y’agaciro mvuguruza itemewe n’urwego rwimura, hakorwa inyandikomvugo y’ibitemeranyijweho. Iyo nyandikomvugo ishyirwaho umukono n’uhagarariye urwego rwimura, uwimurwa n’abagenagaciro bo ku mpande zombi. Iyo uwimurwa atanyuzwe n’umwanzuro wafashwe, atanga ikirego mu rukiko rubifitiye ububasha mu gihe kitarenze iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) ibarwa guhera umunsi ashyiriyeho umukono ku nyandikomvugo igaragaza ibitemeranyijweho. Agaciro kemejwe n’urwego rwimura gahabwa uwimurwa kugira ngo igikorwa cyo kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange kidahagarara mu gihe hagitegerejwe icyemezo cy’urukiko. [41] Ingingo ya 35 y’Itegeko No 32/2015 iteganya ibikurikira: indishyi ikwiye ishobora kuba amafaranga y’u Rwanda, cyangwa ubundi buryo bwumvikanyweho hagati y’uwimura n’uwimurwa. Kugira ngo iyimurwa ryemerwe, indishyi ikwiye ihabwa uwimurwa igomba kurihwa mbere y’uko yimuka. [42] Ingingo ya 36 nayo y’iryo tegeko iteganya ibikurikira mu gika cya 1 n’icya 2: indishyi ikwiye yemejwe yishyurwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi ijana na makumyabiri (120) uhereye igihe iyo ndishyi ikwiye yemerejwe n’Inama Njyanama ku rwego rw’Akarere, ku rwego rw’Umujyi wa Kigali cyangwa Minisiteri bireba. Iyo igihe kivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy'iyi ngingo kirenze, iyimurwa riba ritaye agaciro keretse uwimurwa n’uwimura babyumvikanyeho. [43] Isesengura ry’ingingo ya 34 yavuzwe haruguru ryumvikanisha ko mu gihe uwimurwa atemeye raporo y’igenagaciro ry’umutungo we yakozwe n’urwego rwimura, ashobora nawe gukoresha igenagaciro mvuguruza, impande zombi ziba zishobora kuryumvikanaho cyangwa ntiziryumvikaneho. Iyo ziryumvikanyeho, risimbura irya mbere urwo rwego rwari rwakoze, hakanakorwa inyandikomvugo ibyemeza, ishyirwaho umukono n’impande zombi n’abagenagaciro ba buri ruhande. Naho iyo impande zombi zitemeranyijwe ku igenagaciro mvuguruza, hakorwa inyandikomvugo igaragaza ibyo zitemeranyijweho. Birumvikana ko icyo gihe genagaciro ry’umutungo riba yemewe, ryaba irya mbere ryakozwe n’urwego rwimura ryaba n’irya kabiri ryakoreshejwe n’uwimurwa. Ikiba gikurikiyeho rero ni uko uwimurwa aba ashobora gutanga ikirego mu Rukiko rubifitiye ububasha mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 15 ibarwa uhereye ku munsi yashyiriye umukono ku nyandikomvugo igaragaza ibyo atemeranyijweho n’urwego rwimura ku bijyanye n’igenagaciro ry’umutungo we, kugira ngo rubakiranure kuri icyo kibazo, rugene ingurane ikwiye agomba kwishyurwa. Urwego rwimura narwo, kugira ngo igikorwa cyo kwimura abantu ku nyungu rusange kidahagarara kubera izo mpaka zigihari ku gaciro k’umutungo, ruba ruhaye uwimurwa agaciro kawo rwemeje mu igenagaciro rwakoze. [44] Naho isesengura ry’ingingo ya 35 (yerekeye kwishyura indishyi ikwiye) n’iya 36 (yerekeye igihe uwimura agomba kuba yamaze kwishyura indishyi ikwiye), ryumvikanisha ko mu gihe uwimura n’uwimurwa bumvikanye ku ndishyi ikwiye, ihame ari uko uwimurwa agomba kwishyurwa mbere y’uko yimuka, kugira ngo iyimurwa ryemerwe; ariko Umushingamategeko akaba yaragennye ko uwimura atagomba kurenza iminsi 120 atarishyura indishyi ikwiye yemejwe, iyo minsi ikabarwa guhera igihe indishyi ikwiye yemerejweho

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n’urwego bireba, atabyubahiriza iyimurwa rikaba ritaye agaciro; n’iminsi 120 k’uwimurwa, guhera yishyuwe indishyi ikwiye yemejwe, yo kuba yimutse. [45] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku bimaze gusobanurwa, rurasanga ibiteganyijwe mu ngingo 36 Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be bavuga ko ikirego cyabo gishingiyeho (kimwe n’ingingo ya 35) bikurikizwa mu gihe uwimura n’uwimurwa bumvikanye ku ndishyi ikwiye; ni ukuvuga mu gihe nta mpaka zigihari zigomba gukemurwa n’urukiko; ibi bishobora kuba mu gihe uwimurwa yahise yemera igenagaciro ry’umutungo we yahawe n’urwego rwimura, cyangwa igihe ataryemeye ariko yakoresha igenagaciro mvuguruza impande zombi zikagera ku mwanzuro wo kumvikana ku ndishyi ikwiye agomba guhabwa. Bityo rero izi ngingo zikaba zitarebana n’igihe uwimura n’uwimurwa batumvikanye ku ndishyi ikwiye, bikaba byumvikana ko zitanarebana n’igihe uwimura aba agomba kuba yishyuye uwimurwa agaciro k’umutungo we yemeje kugira ngo ibikorwa byo kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange bidahagarara, mu gihe hagitegerejwe ko impaka impande zombi zifitanye zikemuka (reba ingingo ya 34). [46] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga igihe cy’iminsi 120 giteganywa mu ngingo ya 36 ari icyo kwishyura indishyi ikwiye impande zombi ziba zumvikanyeho, dore ko ayo magambo indishyi ikwiye ariyo akoreshwa muri iyo ngingo, akaba atakwitiranywa “n’agaciro kemejwe n’urwego rwimura kavugwa mu ngingo ya 34 yavuzwe haruguru, kishyurwa iyo urwego rwimura rutemeye raporo y’igenagaciro mvuguruza. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga bitanumvikana uburyo iyo minsi 120 yaba ireba ako gaciro kemejwe n’urwego rwimura kishyurwa iyo impande zombi zitumvikanye, mu gihe ingingo ya 36 iteganya ko iyo minsi ibarwa uhereye igihe indishyi ikwiye yemerejwe, kandi nyine nk’uko byasobauwe iyo impande zombi zitumvikanye nta ndishyi ikwiye iba yemejwe. [47] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye mu rubanza rwajuririwe, hagati y’Umujyi wa Kigali na Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be icyabaye ari uko impande zombi zitemeranyijwe ku ngurane ikwiye bagomba kwishyurwa, kuko batemeye raporo y’igenagaciro Umujyi wa Kigali wabashyikirije nawo ntiwemere igenagaciro mvuguruza bawushyikirije, ndetse hagakorwa inyandikomvugo6 yo ku wa 08/03/2018 ibigaragaza. Ibi kandi Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be bakaba batabihakana mu miburanire yabo, ahubwo bakavuga ko kuba batarumvikanye n’Umujyi wa Kigali ku ndishyi ikwiye bitabuza ko wagombaga kubishyura indishyi ikwiye wemeje. [48] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru mu gika cya 43, nyuma yo kutemeranywa ku ndishyi ikwiye bagomba kwishyurwa, icyo Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be bashoboraga gukora ari ukuregera urukiko rufite ububasha barusaba kwemeza ingurane ikwiye Umujyi wa Kigali ugomba kubishyura, ibyo bakabikora mu gihe kitareze iminsi 15 ibarwa guhera igihe bashyiriye umukono ku nyandikomvugo igaraagza ibyo batumvikanyeho yavuzwe haruguru (ku wa 08/03/2018), nyamara icyo kirego bakaba ntacyo batanze ndetse imbere y’uru Rukiko uhagararariye Munyana Jolie akaba yaremeye ko barangaye; bikaba rero byumvikana ko biyambuye uburenganzira bwo kuregera Urukiko basaba kwishyurwa indishyi ikwiye irenze agaciro Umujyi wa Kigali wari wahaye umutungo wabo. [49] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku bimaze gusobanurwa no ku byasobanuwe haruguru mu gika cya 43 n’icya 44 by’uru rubanza, rurasanga Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be batahindukira ngo barege basaba ko hemezwa ko iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange bakorewe ryataye agaciro no gusubizwa umutungo wabo (cyangwa agaciro kawo n’indishyi zinyuranye zikomoka ku gihombo batewe no kwimurwa) bashingiye ku mpamvu y’uko Umujyi wa Kigali warengeje igihe cy’iminsi 120 utabishyuye indishyi ikwiye wemeje, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe, batigeze bemeranywa n’Umujyi wa Kigali ku ndishyi ikwiye y’umutungo wabo, kandi igihe cy’iminsi 120 kikaba gikurikizwa mu gihe habayeho kwemeranywa ku ndishyi ikwiye hanyuma urwego rwimura ntiruyishyure muri icyo gihe.

6 Iyi nyandiko iri muri dosiye yiswe “Inyandikomvugo y’inama yahuje abakozi b’Umujyi wa Kigali (Ishami ry’ibikorearemezo/Teledevelopmet Ltd) na Bagamba Edward uhagarariye Succession Bayingana Victor, igaragaza ko abitabiriye inama batumvikanye ku igenagaciro ryatanzwe n’impande zombie.

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[50] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe mu bika bibanziriza iki, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru rutarafashe ikirego cya Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be uko kitari nk’uko babivuga, ahubwo rwaragisuzumye rusanga hakurikijwe ibyabaye inzira Umushingamategeko yabahaye ari iyo kuregera Urukiko bashingiye ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 34 yavuzwe haruguru, barusaba kwemeza indishyi ikwiye bagomba kwishyurwa, bakabikora mu gihe cy’iminsi 15 uhereye igihe bashyiriye umukono ku nyandikomvugo igaragaza ibyo batemeranyijweho n’Umujyi wa Kigali ku gaciro k’umutungo wabo, nyamara bakaba batarabikoze; naho ikirego batanze bashingiye ku ngingo ya 36 yavuzwe haruguru basaba kugenerwa indishyi zishingiye ku mategeko asanzwe (droit cmmun) ngo kuko iyimurwa ku mpamvu z’nyungu rusange bakorewe ryataye agaciro kikaba kidahuye n’uko ibintu byagenze ku bibareba; nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru n’uru Rukiko rukaba ariko rubibona. [51] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, ikirego cya Bayingana Holvis n’abavandimwe be kikaba kitaragombaga kwakirwa kuko cyatanzwe mu nzira zinyuranyije n’amategeko, bityo rero n’ubujurie bwabo bukaba nta shingiro bufite. [52] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasaga mu gihe hemejwe ko ikirego cyabo kitagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere, n’ibindi basaba muri icyo kirego bijyanye n’agaciro k’umutungo wabo, amafaranga y’ubukode bwa station ya essence n’inyungu zayo n’indishyi z’akababaro (reba ibibazo byagaragajwe haruguru) bikaba bitagomba gusuzumwa. 4) Ibyerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka [53] Abahagarariye Bayingana Holvis, Bayingana Cassandra, Uwase Ornella, Munyana Jolie na Bayingana Yvan basaba uru Rukiko gutegeka Umujyi wa Kigali kubishyura 5.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka basabye mu Rukiko Rukuru ntibayahabwe na 1.000.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [54] Uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali avuga ko abajuriye aribo bagomba gutegekwa kuwishyura 2.000.000Frw y'ikurikirarubanza n'igihembo cya Avoka kubera gukomeza kuwushora mu manza z'amaherere. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [55] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Naho ingingo ya 34 y’Amabwiriza No 01/2014 agenga ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka ateganya ko avoka afite uburenganzira bwo kugena igihembo ashyize mu gaciro, ariko kitari munsi y’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) kandi kitarengeje amafaranga miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000Frw). [56] Urukiko rurasanga Bayingana Holvis, Bayingana Cassandra, Uwase Ornella, Munyana Jolie na Bayingana Yvan ari bo bajuriye kandi nk’uko byasobanuwe ubujurire bwabo bukaba nta shingiro bwahawe; bityo rero amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka basaba bakaba badakwiriye kuyahabwa. Ahubwo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 n’iya 34 zavuzwe haruguru, abajuriye bakaba ari bo bagomba kwishyura Umujyi wa Kigali ibyo watakaje mu gukurikirana no kuburana uru rubanza; mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko rukaba rugeneye Umujyi wa Kigali 300.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [57] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Bayingana Holvis, Bayingana Cassandra, Uwase Ornella, Munyana Jolie na Bayingana Yvan nta shingiro bufite.

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[58] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RADA00066/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 15/03/2024 idahindutse. [59] Rutegetse ko Bayingana Holvis, Bayingana Cassandra, Uwase Ornella, Munyana Jolie na Bayingana Yvan bafatanya kwishyura Umujyi wa Kigali amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego; yiyongera ku mafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi mirongo ine (1.040.000Frw) Umujyi wa Kigali wagenewe mu rubanza rwajuririwe. [60] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’amagarama Bayingana Holvis, Bayingana Cassandra, Uwase Ornella, Munyana Jolie na Bayingana Yvan batanze bajurira, ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.