UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BIBUTSUHOZE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BIBUTSUHOZE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-22 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00531/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BIBUTSUHOZE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00531/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.,) 22 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo gufatanwa no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano iyo bigaragara ko yakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana, kandi ari ubwa mbere agikoze mu buryo buzwi, bigakorwa mu rwego rwo kurengera nyungu za sosiyete no gukumira ibyaha bishya, ariko binahuzwe n’inyungu yo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe uwakatiwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yafashwe afite udupfunyika 218 twa mayirungi kuri moto yari atwaye. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze icyaha cyo gufatanwa no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, maze aburana yemera icyaha, avuga ariko ko atari azi ko ariyo atwaye, kubera ko umuntu wamuhaye akazi kokuyitwara yamubwiye ko ari umuti wa Kinyarwanda. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye, rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gutunda no gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa mayirungi, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko noneho yemera icyaha aregwa akanagisabira imbabazi, asaba Urukiko guca inkoni izamba rukamugabaniriza igihano. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko Rwamagana rwasanze ukwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire kwa Bibutsuhoze Kayitare kutamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ituma agabanyirizwa igihano kuko azanye ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu nkiko zibanza, ariko ko akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu nzego z’ubutabera mu buryo buzwi, bityo rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshenu (5.000.000 Frw). Bibutsuhoze Kayitare ntiyishimiye icyemezo cy’urukiko maze ajurira nanone mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zitandukanye, maze agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10), asaba gukurirwaho izahabu. Ubushinjacyaha busaba ko uregwa yagabanirizwa igihano, maze agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda milioni eshanu (5.000.000Frw), ariko ko atakurirwaho ihazabu kuko byaba binyuranyije n’ibyo amategeko ateganya . Incamake y’icyemezo: 1.Uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano iyo bigaragara ko yakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana, kandi ari ubwa mbere agikoze mu buryo buzwi, bigakorwa mu rwego rwo kurengera nyungu za sosiyete no gukumira ibyaha bishya, ariko binahuzwe n’inyungu yo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe uwakatiwe.

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2. Uregwa ntiyasonerwa gutanga ihazabu iyo icyaha cyo gufatanwa no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bikomeye kimuhama.

Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kubijyanye gusa no kugabanya ibihano. Amategegeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2028 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka (b) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Nta manza zifashishijwe.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 02/08/2019, ku bufatanye n’inzego z’ibanze, abakora irondo ry’umwuga mu Mudugudu wa Mirama II, Akagali ka Nyagatare, Umurenge wa Nyagatare, Akarere ka Nyagatare, bafashe Bibutsuhoze Kayitare afite udupfunyika 218 twa mayirungi ayitwaye kuri Moto ifite plaques RC 447 Z. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze icyaha cyo gufatanwa no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, aburana yemera ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 218 twa mayirungi, ariko akavuga ko atari azi ko ariyo atwaye, ko umuntu wamuhaye akazi kokuyitwara yamubwiye ko ari umuti wa Kinyarwanda, amuha nomero ya telefone y’uwo aribuwuhe, ageze mu nzira arafatwa basanga ari mayirungi. [2] Mu rubanza RP01058/219/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 28/05/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rushingiye ku kuba Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yiyemera ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 218 twa mayirungi ayitwaye kuri moto, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja, raporo y’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze nayo imushinja no kuba yarashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira akemera ko afatanwe udufupfunyika 218 tw’ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa mayirungi, rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gutunda no gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa mayirungi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [3] Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko noneho yemera icyaha aregwa akanagisabira imbabazi, asaba Urukiko guca inkoni izamba rukamugabaniriza igihano.

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[4] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire atari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ituma uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano, ariko ko Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku Itegeko rishya ryasohotse urubanza rwe rutaracibwa burundu. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 00732/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 21/06/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko Rwamagana rwasanze ukwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire kwa Bibutsuhoze Kayitare kutamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ituma agabanyirizwa igihano kuko azanye ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu nkiko zibanza kandi Umucamanza w’ubujurire afite gusa inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’izo nkiko. Rusanga ariko akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu nzego z’ubutabera mu buryo buzwi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshenu (5.000.000 Frw). [6] Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00531/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 09/05/2025, yunganiwe na Me Micomyiza Liliane, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rukaka Gallican, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Bibutsuhoze Kayitare n’umwunganira, basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zitandukanye, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) naho ihazabu yaciwe igakurwaho kuko ntaho yayikura. [8] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda milioni eshanu (5.000.000Frw), ariko ko atakurirwaho ihazabu kuko byaba binyuranyije n’ibyo amategeko ateganya. [9] Hakurikijwe iyo miburanire, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba igihano Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yahanishijwe gishobora kongera kugabanywa ndetse akaba yanakurirwaho ihazabu. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya niba igihano Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yahanishijwe gishobora kongera kugabanywa ndetse akaba yanakurirwaho ihazabu. [10] Bibutsuhoze Kayitare n’umwunganira, basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, akacyicuza akagisabira imbabazi, kuba ari ubwa mbere yakurikiranwa n’inkiko mu buryo buzwi, kuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu kigero cy’abana kuko yari afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) y’amavuko, kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyagize muri rubanda, no kuba amaze kugororoka. Basaba kandi ko Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yakurirwaho ihazabu kuko ntaho yayivana.

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[11] Ku bijyanye n’amategeko yashingirwaho, Bibutsuhoze Kayitare n’umwunganira basaba ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 491 , iya 59, agace ka 32 z’Itegeko N° 68/2028 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka (b) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano cy’igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kuva ku mezi atandatu (6) kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ½ cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, maze Bibutsuhoze Kayitare akagabanyirizwa ibihano, igifungo yakatiwe kikava mu myaka cumi n’itanu (15) kikaba imyaka icumi (10) naho ihazabu yaciwe igakurwaho kuko ntaho yayivana. [12] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko igihano cy’igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kuva ku mdezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ½ cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda milioni eshanu (5.000.000Frw), ko atakurirwaho ihazabu kuko byaba binyuranyije n’ibyo amategeko ateganya. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yahanishijwe n’Urukiko rubanza ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gufatanwa no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa mayirungi gishobora kugabanywa kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza ndetse akaba yakurirwaho ihazabu. [14] Nk’uko Iteka rya Minisitiri Nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo ribigaragaza, mayirungi ibarizwa mu biyobyabwenge bikomeye, biri mu cyiciro cya II cy’ibiyobyabwenge3.

[15] Ku birebana n’ihanwa ry’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bikomeye, ingingo ya 11, igika cya 3, agace ka 2° y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ivuga ko: “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 2° igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri (20) ariko kitarenze imyaka

1 Ivuga ko: “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”.

2 Ivuga ko: “Umucamanza ashobora kugabanya ibihano nk’iyo: 3º mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, ushinjwa yireze akemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa”.

3 Reba umugereka wa I w’Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo

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makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni cumi n’eshanu (15.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) kubyerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bikomeye”. [16] Ku birebana n’uburyo ibihano bitangwa, ingingo ya 49, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ivuga ko: “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”. [17] Naho ku bijyanye n’igabanyagihano, ingingo ya 2, agace ka (b) n’aka (d) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ivuga ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (b) igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe; (…); (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”. [18] Nk’uko byagarutsweho mu gice cy’imiterere y’urubanza akaba ari nako dosiye y’uru rubanza ibigaragaza, Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yarezwe icyaha cyo gutunda no gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge (mayirungi) mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, aburana agihakana, ariko Urukiko rusanga hari ibimenyetso bikimuhamya, rusanga nta mpamvu yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano kuko atemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko noneho yemera icyaha, asaba ko byashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano, maze mu rubanza rujuririrwa, urwo Rukiko rusanga ukwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire kutamubera impamvu ituma agabanyirizwa igihano nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Munyemana Eric alias Nyinya, rusanga ariko ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranywe mu nzego z’ubutabera mu buryo buzwi, rubishingiraho rumugabanyiriza igihano ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [19] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza ko Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yakoze icyaha afite imyaka makumyabiri (20) kuko yavutse mu mwaka wa 1999 akora icyaha ku wa 02/08/2019, igaragaza kandi ko nta kindi cyaha yigeze akurikiranwaho mu buryo buzwi nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwabibonye. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruremeranya n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku birebana no kuba ukwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire bitaba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ituma uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano, ibyo akaba ari nabyo byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2021/CA Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho. Rurasanga ariko, iyo Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ruza kwita ku kuba Bibutsuhoze kayitare yarakoze icyaha afite imyaka makumyabiri (20) y’amavuko, ibyo bigaragaza ko n’ubwo atari mu kigero cy’abana kuko yari arengeje imyaka cumi n’umunane (18), ariko aribwo yari akiva mu bwana, ari mu kigero kirangwa ahanini no gukubagana, kugerageza ibintu bitandukanye n’ubushishozi buke mu byo bakora, rukabihuza no kuba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha bizwi, rwashoboraga

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kumugabanyiriza igihano ku buryo buhagije kuko igihano yahawe kirebewe hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe n’uburyo cyakozwemo, ari kirekire, bityo kikaba gikwiye kongera kugabanywa kugira ngo uregwa ahanwe koko mu nyungu zo kurengera sosiyete no gukumira ibyaha bishya, ariko binahuzwe n’inyungu yo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe uwakatiwe. [21] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Bibutsuhoze Kayitare akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe, agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni enye (4.000.000Frw) kugira ngo asobanukirwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze ariko anahabwe amahirwe yo kwikosora no kuba yagira akamaro mu buzima busanzwe. [22] Ku bijyanye no gukurirwaho ihazabu bisabwa na Bibutsuhoze Kayitare, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko icyaha kimuhama cyo gufatanwa no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bikomeye byo mu bwoko bwa mayirungi, umushingamategeko yagiteganyirije igihano cy’igifungo n’ihazabu bikomatanyije nk’uko bigaragara mu ngingo ya 11, igika cya 3, agace ka 2° y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yavuzwe haguru, Urukiko rukaba rusanga ntaho rwahera rumusonera ihazabu kuko ntaho amategeko abiteganya. [23] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Bibutsuhoze Kayitare bufite ishingiro gusa ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano, naho ibijyanye no gukurirwaho ihazabu bikaba nta shingiro bifite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Bibutsuhoze Kayitare bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [25] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00732/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ku wa 21/06/2024, ihindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’igihano Bibutsuhoze Kayitare yahanishijwe; [26] Ruhanishije Bibutsuhoze Kayitare igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni enye (4.000.000 Frw); [27] Rutegetse ko bibutsuhoze Kayitare asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.