BIENVENU v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

# BIENVENU v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-23 - Case/document no.: RS/REV/RP 00067/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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BIENVENU v. UBUSHINJACYAHA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/REV/RP 00067/2024/CA (Rutazana, P.J.,) 23 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana – Kwakira ikirego – Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya – Ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubunza ingingo nshya nticyakirwa iyo urukiko rwaregewe rusanze atari gishya ku buryo cyashingirwaho. – Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Ikimenyetso gishya – Ikimenyetso gishya ni ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko cyaba gihari, akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga, kandi ko n’iyo ari gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Bienvenu Omar yarezwe n’Ubushinjacyaha mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye akurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa I.O w’imyaka 4 y’amavuko, maze Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeza ko icyaha kimuhama, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Bienvenu Omar yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze ahubwo ari akagambane yagiriwe, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha nawe avuga ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite kuko mu byo Urukiko rwashingiyeho rumuhamya icyaha harimo n’ibyo yivugiye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Bienvenu Omar nta shingiro bufite kuko adashobora kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko rubanza rwemeza ko icyaha kimuhama. Bienvenu Omar yajuririye nanone urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, asaba kugirwa umwere; ariko ageze mu iburanisha we n’umwunganira bavuga ko noneho yemera icyaha anasobanura uko yagikoze kandi agasaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15. Uhagarariye Ubushijacyaha yaburanye avuga ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko atabasha kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru rumuhamya icyaha, bishingiye cyane cyane ku mvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha na raporo ya muganga yagaragaje ko I.O yasambanyijwe. Naho ku bijyanye n’ukwemera icyaha yari akoze bwa mbere mu bujurire, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ntacyo byamumarira, ariko ko bitabuza Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingiwe ku zindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko ingingo y’ubujurire ijyanye no kwemera icyaha, gusaba imbabazi no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano Bienvenu Omar yatanze mu gihe cy’iburanisha itakiriwe ngo isuzumwe kuko yatanzwe impitagihe; naho ku bijyanye n’impamvu z’ubujurire

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uregwa yatanze mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, uru Rukiko rwemeza ko nta shingiro bufite, bityo rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Bienvenu Omar yongeye kuregera Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba gusubirishamo urubanza RPAA 00500/2022/CA ingingo nshya kuko hari ikimenyetso yabonye nyuma y’uko ruciwe, kigaragaza ko mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, Ubushinjacyaha bwari bwamusabiye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20, ndetse n’umwunganizi we amusabira guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ariko Urukiko rubirengaho rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25; bityo asaba ko hasuzumwa niba Urukiko rutararengereye ibyasabwe n’ababuranyi (ultra petita). Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asaba uru Rukiko kutakira ikirego cyatanzwe na Bienvenu Omar kuko nta mpamvu n’imwe yagaragaje mu ziteganywa n’itegeko yatuma urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha. Urukiko rurasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ikirego cyatanzwe na Bienvenu Omar gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00500/2022/CA kitagomba kwakirwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1.Ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubunza ingingo nshya nticyakirwa iyo urukiko rwaregewe rusanze atari gishya ku buryo cyashingirwaho. 2.Ikimenyetso gishya ni ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko cyaba gihari, akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga, kandi ko n’iyo ari gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. Ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya nticyakiriwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N˚ 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 197. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RS/REV/RP 00004/2023/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Habumugisha Hamza, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/05/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Bienvenu Omar yakurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa I.O w’imyaka 4 y’amavuko cyakorezwe ku wa 13/01/2019, mu Mudugudu wa Karubandi, Akagari ka Munanira II, Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, maze mu rubanza RP 00301/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 12/07/2019, rwemeza ko kimuhama, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu.

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[2] Bienvenu Omar yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze ahubwo ari akagambane yagiriwe, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite kuko mu byo Urukiko rwashingiyeho rumuhamya icyaha harimo n’ibyo yivugiye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha. [3] Mu rubanza RPA 01466/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 21/04/2022, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Bienvenu Omar nta shingiro bufite kuko adashobora kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeza ko kimuhama. [4] Bienvenu Omar yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, mu myanzuro ye avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, asaba kugirwa umwere; ariko ageze mu iburanisha we n’umwunganira bavuga ko noneho yemera icyaha akanasobanura uko yagikoze kandi agasaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15. [5] Uhagarariye Ubushijacyaha yaburanye avuga ko ubujurire bwa Bienvenu Omar nta shingiro bufite kuko atabasha kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru rumuhamya icyaha, bishingiye cyane cyane ku mvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha na raporo ya muganga yagaragaje ko I.O yasambanyijwe. Naho ku bijyanye n’ukwemera icyaha Bienvenu Omar yari akoze bwa mbere mu bujurire, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ntacyo byamumarira, ariko ko bitabuza Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingiwe ku zindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20. [6] Mu rubanza RPAA 00500/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/02/2024, rwemeje ko ingingo y’ubujurire ijyanye no kwemera icyaha, gusaba imbabazi no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano Bienvenu Omar yatanze mu gihe cy’iburanisha itakiriwe ngo isuzumwe kuko yatanzwe impitagihe; naho impamvu z’ubujurire yatanze mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko rwemeza ko nta shingiro bufite, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25. [7] Ku wa 01/11/2024 Bienvenu Omar yongeye kuregera Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00500/2022/CA, ikirego cye cyandikwa kuri N˚ RS/REV/RP 00067/2024/CA, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 04/12/2025, yunganiwe na Me MUKAYIRANGA Georgine, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwanziga Lydia, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu mwanzuro utanga ikirego no mu iburanisha Bienvenu Omar na Me Mukayiranga Georgine bavuga ingingo nshya bashingiraho basaba ko urubanza RPAA 00500/2022/CA rusubirwamo, bayishingira ku nyandikomvugo y’iburanisha ry’urwo rubanza, kuko ari ikimenyetso yabonye nyuma y’uko ruciwe agasanga kigaragaza ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire Ubushinjacyaha bwari bwamusabiye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20, ndetse n’umwunganizi we amusabira guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15, rriko Urukiko rubirengaho rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25; bagasaba ko hasuzumwa niba Urukiko rutararengereye ibyasabwe n’ababuranyi (ultra petita) rukanirengagiza amategeko. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asaba uru Rukiko kutakira ikirego cyatanzwe na Bienvenu Omar kuko nta mpamvu n’imwe yagaragaje mu ziteganywa n’ingingo ya 197 y’Itegeko N 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 yatuma urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha.

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[10] Urukiko rurasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ikirego cyatanzwe na Bienvenu Omar gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00500/2022/CA kitagomba kwakirwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba ikirego cyatanzwe na Bienvenu Omar kitagomba kwakirwa [11] Mu mwanzuro utanga ikirego wa Bienvenu Omar n’umwunganira bavuga ingingo nshya bashingiraho basaba gusubirishamo urubanza RPAA 00500/2022/CA ishingiye ku nyandikomvugo y’iburanisha ry’urwo rubanza yabonye ku wa 24/10/2024, atanga ikirego ku wa 01/11/2024, igihe cy’amezi abiri giteganywa n’ingingo ya 203 y’Itegeko N˚ 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha kitararenga. [12] Bakomeza basobasura ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 197, igika cya 5 n’icya 6 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ryavuzwe haruguru, iyo nyandikomvugo y’iburanisha ari ikimenyetso gishya kivuguruza ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25, kuko Urukiko rwirengagije ko Ubushinjacyaha bwari bwamusabiye igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’umwunganira akamusabira kugabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [13] Bienvenu Omar n’umwunganira bavuga kandi ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwamugeneye igihano rushingiye ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 334 y’Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwirengagije ko yaburanye harasohotse irindi Tegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura iryavuzwe haruguru, ryamuhaga amahirwe yo kugabanyirizwa igihano kikagezwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15. Bavuga ko Urukiko rwanirengagije imirongo rwatanze mu mu manza zinyuranye rwaciye, aho rwasuzumye ibijyanye no kumenya niba uregwa wagabanyirijwe igihano mu nkiko zibanza yemerewe kongera kujurira asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano maze rukemeza ko abyemerwe. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Bienvenu Omar asubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00500/2022/CA kidakwiye kwakirwa, kuko impamvu agishingiraho zidahuye n’iziteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 197 y’Itegeko N˚ 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 yatuma urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asobanura ko ikibazo nk’iki cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RS/REV/RP 00004/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/05/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habumugisha Hamza, aho mu gika cya 16, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko ikimenyetso gishya ari ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko cyaba gihari, akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga, kandi ko n’iyo ari gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. Asoza asaba Urukiko kutakira ikirego cya Bienvenu Omar kuko icyo yita ikimenyetso gishya ari imiburanire. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[16] Impaka kuri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba ibivugwa mu nyandikomvugo y’iburanisha ry’urubanza RPAA 00500/2022/CA Bienvenu Omar yasabye ko rusubirwamo ari ikimenyetso gishya kandi cya kamarampaka cyashingirwaho ikirego cye cyakirwa. [17] Ibijyanye no kumenya ikimenyetso gishobora gushingirwaho urubanza rwaciwe burundu rusubirwamo, byasobanuwe mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, zihuriza ku murongo ugira uti: Ikimenyetso gishya ni ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko cyaba gihari, akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga, kandi ko n’iyo ari gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya”. Mu ziheruka gucibwa muri uwo mujyo harimo urubanza RS/REV/RP 00004/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/05/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habumugisha Hamza (igika cya 16). [18] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Bienvenu Omar avuga ko ikimenyetso gishya ashingiraho ikirego cye ari inyandikomvugo y’iburanisha ry’urubanza RPAA 00500/2020/CA ryabaye ku wa 08/02/2024, akavuga ko yayibonye nyuma y’uko urwo rubanza ruciwe agasanga Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwararengereye rukamuhanisha igihano kiruta icyo yasabiwe n’Ubushinjacyaha ndetse n’icyo yasabiwe n’umwunganizi we. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibikubiye muri iyo nyandikomvugo y’iburanisha bitafatwa nk’ikimenyetso gishya Bienvenu Omar yabonye nyuma y’icibwa ry’urwo rubanza ku buryo byashingirwaho rusubirwamo, kuko uretse no kuba ibiyivugwamo bijyanye n’igihano yasabiwe yarabimenyeye mu iburanisha kuko yari ahari, iyo nyandikomvugo yanayishyizeho umukono iburanisha rirangiye, bityo rero ikaba itashingirwaho nk’ikimenyetso gishya cyatuma urubanza RPAA 00500/2020/CA rusubirwamo. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ahubwo kuba Bienvenu Omar avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiruta icyo yari yasabiwe, kimwe n’ibivugwa n’umwunganira ko mu kumugenera icyo gihano Urukiko rwirengagijwe amategeko n’imiromgo rwafashe mu zindi manza rwaciye, byumvikana ko ari uburyo bwo kunenga igihano yahawe nk’aho yaba akijuririye; nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru bikaba rero bidahuye n’igisobanuro cy’ikimenyetso gishya gishobora gutuma urubanza rusubirwamo. [21] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe byose no ku murongo wavuzwe haruguru (mu gika cya 17), Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ikimenyetso Bienvenu Omar ashingiraho ikirego cye atari gishya ku buryo cyashingirwaho urubanza RPAA 00500/2020/CA rusubirwamo, bityo rero ikirego cye kikaba kitagomba kwakirwa kuko cyatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Bienvenu Omar gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00500/2022/CA kitakiriwe. [23] Rutegetse ko Bienvenu Omar asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.