UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BIKORIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BIKORIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-04-17 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00210/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BIKORIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00210/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.,) 17 Mata 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo gucuruza no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Igihano uregwa yahanishijwe ntigishobora kongera kugabanywa iyo cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko kidashobora kujya munsi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake bamufashe afite udupfunyika 14 tw’urumogi, maze arafatwa ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, aburana yemera icyaha aregwa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rushingiye ku kuba uregwa yaremeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha no mu iburanisha, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja no kuba yarasinye ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi yafatanwe, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), maze ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, ahinduye imvugo ahakana icyaha, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi kandi ntacyo yakoze, asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka hakemezwa ko ahamwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), maze akanagabanyirizwa igihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite kuko hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, bityo ko hagumaho inyito icyaha cyahawe n’igihano yahanishijwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze inyito y’icyaha uregwa yahamijwe idakwiye guhinduka ariko ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi kandi akaba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’urumogi, bityo ko ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Bikorimana Emmanuel yajuririye nanone mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge kandi akaba yari asanzwe yitwara neza mbere y’uko akora icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko igihano Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake yahawe aricyo gito gishoboka kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rudahindutse.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Igihano uregwa yahanishijwe ntigishobora kongera kugabanywa iyo cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko kidashobora kujya munsi. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. Urubanza

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 10/06/2020, ku bufatanye bw’inzego z’umutekano n’izego z’ibanze, hakozwe isaka rigamije gushakisha abantu bakoresha ibiyobyabwe, bageze kwa Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake bamusangana udupfunyika 14 tw’urumogi ruhishe mu gisabo munsi y’uburiri, arafatwa ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi. Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake yaburanye yemera icyaha, avuga ko yatoraguye udupfunyika 20 tw’urumogi, agurishaho udupfunyika 6 afatwa asigaranye udupfunyika 14. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00386/2020/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 21/07/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rushingiye ku kuba Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake yaremeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha no mu iburanisha, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja no kuba yarasinye ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi yafatanwe, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [4] Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi kandi ntacyo yakoze kuko urumogi yafatanwe yarutoraguye arujyana iwe kugira ngo arunywe, asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka hakemezwa ko ahamwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), akanagabanyirizwa igihano. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko ubujurire bwa Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake nta shingiro bufite kuko hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi birimo kuba yaracyiyemereye akanasobanura uburyo yagikoze haba mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha no mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, bityo ko hagumaho inyito icyaha cyahawe n’igihano yahanishijwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye.

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[6] Mu rubanza RPA 00965/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 29/02/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze inyito y’icyaha Bikorima Emmanuel alias Rusake yahamijwe idakwiye guhinduka kuko nawe ubwe abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha ndetse no mu iburanisha mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yemeye ko acuruza urumogi, imvugo ye ikaba ishyigikiwe n’ubuhamya bwa Uwizeyimana Josiane na Niyibizi bemeza ko bari basanzwe bazi ko acuruza urumogi. Urukiko rwasanze ariko Bikorimana Emmanuel yagabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi kandi akaba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’urumogi, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [7] Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake yajuririye bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00210/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 03/04/2025, yunganiwe na Me Ruberwa N. Silas, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ninahazwa Roselyne, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu bujurire bwe, Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake n’umwunganira basaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge kandi akaba yari asanzwe yitwara neza mbere y’uko akora icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko igihano Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake yahanishijwe kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe. [9] Hakurikijwe iyo miburanire, Urukiko rurasanga muri uru rubanza, ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa ari ikijyanye no kumenya niba Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya niba Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [10] Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhanishije igihano gito ntarengwa (minimum) kandi hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zashoboraga gushingirwaho akagabanyirizwa bihagije, zirimo kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge no kuba yari asanzwe yitwara neza mbere y’uko akora icyaha; asaba ko izo mpamvu zakwitabwaho igihano yahawe kikongera kugabanywa. [11] Me Ruberwa N.Silas, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagabanyirije igihano Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake rushingiye ku ngingo ya 21 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 14/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryasohotse icyaha cyarakozwe, nyamara hari hakwiye gushingirwa ku mirongo yatanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yakoreshwaga mbere y’uko Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru isohoka yemerera Umucamanza kuba yagabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kuko ariyo yoroherereza uregwa nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA

1 Iteganya ko :Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo igifungo cya burundu kitajya munsi y’igifungo cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 naho igihano cy’ihazabu kikagabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.

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00251/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Ntakirutimana Damien mugika cyarwo cya 20 n’urubanza RPAA 00624/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/02/2024 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Niyibizi Anicet igika cya 17, uvuga ko iyo hari amategeko abiri ahana rimwe ryariho icyaha gikorwa n’irindi ryasohotse nyuma ariko urubanza rukiburanishwa, Itegeko rikoreshwa ari iryorohereza uregwa, bikahura n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 23 y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ko ritangira 1 Iteganya ko “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo igifungo cya burundu kitajya munsi y’igifungo cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 naho igihano cy’ihazabu kikagabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”. gukurikizwa ku munsi ritangarijweho mu igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. [12] Me Ruberwa N. Silas avuga kandi ko, hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC/00003/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 4/12/2019, asanga ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, inanyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga kuko izitira Umucamanza guca urubanza ashingiye ku bwigenge ahabwa n’Itegeko, bityo ko idakwiye gushingirwaho. [13] Me Ruberwa N. Silas asaba gushingira ku rubanza RPAA 00305/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/04/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nyirandikubwayo Jeannette nawe warezwe icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi akatirwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) aho kuba imyaka makumyabiri (20), n’urubanza RPAA 00295/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/09/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngendahimana Cyprien waregwaga icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka itandatu (6) aho kuba igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20), maze Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake nawe agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5). [14] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agace ka (a) na (d), igihano Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake yahawe aricyo gito gishoboka kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa. Akomeza avuga ko ibisabwa na Me Ruberwa N. Silas ko hakwiye gushingirwa ku manza zaciwe zemeje ko igihano gishobora kugabanywa kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, bitahabwa ishingiro kuko nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul (igika cya 26), umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho (cyangwa ryahinduwe). [15] Ku bijyanye n’imanza RPAA 00251/2022/CA na RPAA 00624/2022/CA zemeje ko Itegeko rikurikizwa iyo hari impurirane y’amategeko abiri ahana, uhagariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko harimo kwitiranya ibintu kuko nta kibazo cy’impurirane z’amategeko kiri muri uru rubanza, ahubwo hari ikibazo cy’imirongo yafashwe hashingiwe ku mategeko abiri atandukanye.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe ku bantu bahamijwe icyaha cyo kubika, gucuruza no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi) bahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru igihano cy’igifungo

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cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bakajurira basaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 22 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwemeje ko icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, kandi ko n’ihazabu iteganyijwe idashobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakaozwe3. [17] Na none Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul4, rwemeje ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa5. [18] Nk’uko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa ibigaragaza, Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake yagabanyirijwe igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) ku cyaha kimuhama cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, akuwe ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kimaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko ku cyaha kimuhama cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mubwoko bw’urumogi, kikaba kidashobora kugibwa munsi. Naho ku bijyanye n’imanza zaciwe z’abantu baregwa icyaha nk’icyo nawe aregwa bagabanyirijwe igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga izo manza zidashobora gushingirwaho kuko umurongo uri muri izo manza wemerera Umucamanza kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, wari ushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusanga, iyo ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe

2 Ivuga ko: Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; (…), (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.

3 Murizo harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00538/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude (igika cya 12), urubanza RPAA 00594/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/02/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwayezu Claudette (igika cya 14) n’zindi.

4 Urwo rubanza mu gika cyarwo cya 26 rwemeje ko Umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe

5 Hari nk’urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse (igika cya 17-18), urubanza RPAA 00538/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude (igika cya 12) n’izindi

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n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, kandi nk’uko byemejwe n’uru Rukiko mu manza zibukijwe mu gika cyaha 17 cy’uru rubanza, izo manza zikaba zitagikoreshwa. [20] Ku bijyanye n’imiburanire ya Me Ruberwa N. Silas y’uko Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru ritagombaga gushigirwaho kuko ryasohotse nyuma y’ikorwa ry’icyaha gikurinwe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro ifite kuko nta kibazo cy’impuririra y’amategeko ahana gihari, kubera ko Itegeko rihana icyaha cy’ikoreshwa ritemewe ry’ibiyobyabwenge66 ritigeze rihinduka, icyahindutse ni ingingo 60 y’iryo Tegeko yateganyaga uburyo ibihano bigabanywa igihe hari impamvu nyoroshya, yateganyaga ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano cyo gufungwa burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 25, yaje guhindurwa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Bivuze ko ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 59/2023 ariyo igabanya igihano ku buryo bworoheje (igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikije munsi y’imyaka 15) kurusha ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 (igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijwe munsi y’imyaka 25) igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [21] Ku bijyanye na none n’imiburanire ya Me Ruberwa N. Silas y’uko ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru inyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga, bityo ko idakwiye gushingirwaho, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nayo nta shingiro ifite kuko uretse kuba abivuga mu magambo gusa atagaragaza ko hari icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko rubifite ububasha kibyemeza gityo nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 797 n’iya 728 z’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu. [22] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rudahindutse. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake, nta shingiro bufite; [24] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00965/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 29/02/2024, idahindutse; [25] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake yahanishijwe muri urwo rubanza, kigumyeho; [26] Rutegetse ko Bikorimana Emmanuel alias Rusake asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.

6 Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange