UBUSHINJACYAHA vs BIKORIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs BIKORIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-21 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00436/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs BIKORIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00436/2024/CA (Rukundakuvuga P.J.) 21 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko yerekeye imanza nshinjabyaha – Imirongo mu manza – Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe, icyo gihe hashingirwa ku ngingo y’itegeko ryayihinduye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa nyuma yuko afashwe afite kanyanga litiro imwe n’igice (1,5 litres) n'urumogi ruri mu isashe ugereranyije rungana na garagama magana abiri na mirongo itanu (250g) abikuye mu gihugu cya Uganda. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa kanyanga n’urumogi. Urwo Rukiko rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Uregwa ntiyanyuzwe n’igihano yahanishijwe ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa atemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho ariko rwemera kumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Uregwa nanone yajuririye Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko atagabanyirijwe bihagije ngo ahabwe igihano gituma asubira vuba mu buzima busanzwe, ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ibyemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zifitanye isano n’urwe, anatanga urugero rw’izo manza. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu ari cyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe. busoza busaba ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahawe kigumaho, ko kandi kitakosorwa ngo hashyirweho ihazabu iteganywa n’itegeko mu rwego rwo kutongera igihano kandi Ubushinjacyaha butarakijuririye. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe, icyo gihe hashingirwa ku ngingo y’itegeko ryayihinduye. Bityo igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 uregwa yahanishijwe ntigishobora kugabanywa kuko aricyo gihano cy’igifungo gito gishoboka. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, mu ngingo yaryo ya 2. Ingingo ya 11 y'Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019, ihindura ingingo ya 263 y'Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase, RPAA 00097/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024. Ubushinjacyaha vs Nkebukande Claver, RPAA 00109/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024. Ubushinjacyaha vs Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023.

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Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 05/06/2020 mu Mudugudu wa Kanyaruyonga, Akagali ka Nyarwambu, Umurenge wa Kaniga, abasilikare babiri barimo gucunga umutekano bafashe Bikorimana Jean Baptise w'imyaka 20 afite kanyanga litiro imwe n’igice (1,5 litres) n'urumogi ruri mu isashe ugereranyije rungana na garagama magana abiri na mirongo itanu (250g) abikuye mu gihugu cya Uganda. Bikorimana Jean Baptiste yashyikirijwe inzego zishinzwe gukurikirana ibyaha, iperereza rirangiye aregerwa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi. Bikorimana Jean Baptiste yaburanye yemera icyaha avuga ko hari umugabo wabimuhaye ngo amutwaze yabona afashwe agacika. [2] Mu rubanza noRP 00719/2020/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 17/12/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Bikorimana Jean Baptiste, imvugo z’umutangabuhamya Niyitegeka Edison uri mu bamufashe, ndetse n’inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira igaragaza ibyo yafatanywe, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bwa kanyanga n’urumogi. Urwo Rukiko rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [3] Bikorimana Jean Baptiste ntiyanyuzwe n’igihano yahanishijwe ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru saba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha. Murubanza no RPA 00111/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 17/05/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze mu miburanire ya Bikorimana Jean Baptitse atemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho ariko rwemera kumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [4] Bikorimana Jean Baptiste nabwo ntiyanyuzwe n’igihano yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, yongera kujuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire urubanza ruhabwa nºRPAA 00436/2024/CA. Iburanisha mu ruhame ryashyizwe ku wa 13 Mutarama 2025, uwo munsi ugeze, Bikorimana Jean Baptiste yitaba yunganiwe na Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [5] Mu bujurire bwe asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko atagabanyirijwe bihagije ngo ahabwe igihano gituma asubira vuba mu buzima busanzwe. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko igihano yahawe ari cyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha cyamuhamye, bityo kidakwiye kongera kugabanywa. [6] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasuzuma niba Bikorimana Jean Baptiste ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Bikorimana Jean Baptiste ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [7] Bikorimana Jean Baptiste, mu bujurire bwe avuga ko mu kumugenera igihano Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ibyemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zifitanye isano n’urwe. Atanga urugero rw’imanza zirimo: - Urubanza no RPAA 00049/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/09/2023, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Kayitare Antoine, wakuwe ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 9 kandi yarafatanwe udufunyika 88 tw’urumogi;

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- Urubanza noRPAA 00408/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Niyitegeka Augustin ndetse n’Urubanza noRPAA 00132/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 15/07/2022 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Uyisenga Théogène. Avuga ko muri izi manza zose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko mu kugena igihano hagomba gushingirwa ku ngano y’ibiyobyabwenge uregwa yafatanywe mu rwego rwo guhuza uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka cyariguteza. [8] Bikorimana Jean Baptiste asobanura ko amagarama magana abiri na mirongo itanu y’urumogi yafatanywe atashoboraga kuvamo udupfunyika 88 nk’utwo Kayitare Antoine yafatanwe ndetse na litiro 1.5 ya kanyanga yafatanywe ntawatekereza ko yari agamije kuyicuruza, ko rero kumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 byaba atari ubutabera buboneye. [9] Bikorimana Jean Baptiste avuga kandi ko Urukiko rwirengangije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’itegeko nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ibyo Umucamanza ashingiraho mu gutanga igihano, birimo uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka cyateje, impamvu zatumye uregwa agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Akavuga rero ko icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, ko ndetse ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe atari agamije kubicuruza byari ibyo kwikoreshereza ku giti cye. Icyakora mu iburanisha yabwiye Urukiko ko imvugo z’uko ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe bitari ibyo gucuruza ayiretse, asaba Urukiko ko rwamugenera igihano rushingiye ku rubanza noRPAA 00358/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 17/02/2023 mu gika cyarwo cya 14. [10] Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier, umwunganira, we avuga ko ku bijyanye n’igihano, asanga igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko cyaratanzwe, ariko ko ku bijyane n’uko Urukiko rwahanishije Bikorimana Jean Baptiste igifungo cy’imyaka 15 gusa ntirushyireho ihazabu kandi iteganyijwe n’itegeko, ko wenda Urukiko Rukuru rwaba rwaribeshye, ariko ko byaguma uko biri kuko Ubushinjacyaha butajuriye. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Bikorimana Jean Baptiste nta shingiro bufite, ashingiye ku ngingo ya 2, agace (a) na (d) y’itegeko no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, yemeza ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu ari cyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe. Asoza asaba ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahawe kigumaho, ko kandi kitakosorwa ngo hashyirweho ihazabu iteganywa n’itegeko mu rwego rwo kutongera igihano kandi Ubushinjacyaha butarakijuririye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [12] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba hashingiwe ku manza Bikorimana Jean Baptiste agaragaza, Urukiko rwemerewe kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano, rukaba rwajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [13] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba mu kugabanya igihano, Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku manza zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 601 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe kuwa 22/12/2023 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha

1 Iyi ngingo yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya igihano. Icyakoza urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’urukiko rw’ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye zisobanura ko uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano buteganyijwe muri iyo ngingo bunyuranye n’amahame y’ubutabera buboneye n’ubwingenge bw’umucamanza kuko idatanga ubwinyagamburiro buhagije bufasha umucamanza guhuza uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka zacyo n’igihano.

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na Bimenyimana Jean Paul2, rwemeje ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko itegeko nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa3. [14] Urukiko rurasanga urubanza NoRPAA 00049/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/09/2023, urubanza NoRPAA 00408/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/06/2022, urubanza NoRPAA 00132/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 15/07/2022 n’urubanza No RPAA 00358/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 17/02/2023, Bikorimana Jean Baptise asaba ko zashingirwaho agahanwa kimwe n’abaziregwagamo, zose zaraciwe mbere y’uko itegeko nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka. Byumvikana ko rero uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu kugabanya igihano muri izo manza avuga budashobora gukoreshwa mu rubanza rwe kuko bwakuweho n’iri tegeko rishya. [15] Hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’iryo tegeko rishya4, ku cyaha Bikorimana Jean Baptiste yahamijwe cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge5, Umucamanza ntashobora kugabanya igihano ngo ajye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Muri urwo rwego, uru rukiko rwemeje ko abantu bahamwe n’iki cyaha badashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw)6. Bityo rero, uru Rukiko rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 Bikorimana Jean Baptiste yahanishijwe kidashobora kugabanywa kuko aricyo gihano cy’igifungo gito gishoboka. [16] Naho kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutaramuhanishije igihano cy’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu, uru Rukiko rurasanga ari ikosaryakozwe, ariko urukiko rwajuririwe rukaba rudashobora kongera igihano uregwa yari yagenewe mu rwego rubanza iyo yajuriye wenyine7. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [17] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Bikorimana Jean Baptiste nta shingiro bufite; [18] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00111/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/05/2024, idahindutse; [19] Rwemeje ko Bikorimana Jean Baptiste akomeza guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru; [20] Rutegetse ko Bikorimana Jean Baptiste asonewe gutanga amagarama y'urubanza kuko aburana afunze.

2 Uru rubanza mu gika cyarwo cya 26 rwasobanuye ibijyanye n’uko Umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. 3 Ibi byasobanuwe mu gika cya 17-18 by’urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse. 4 Itegeko nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, mu ngingo yaryo ya 2 (a,d) 2 riteganya ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka 15. Naho (d)igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe 5Ingingo ya 11 y'Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019, ihindura ingingo ya 263 y'Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange ihanisha icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ari hejuru ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20,000,000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30,000,000 FRW). 6 Reba urubanza RPAA 00097/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024 mu gika cyarwo cya 17 n’urubanza RPAA 00109/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024 mu gika cyarwo cya 17. 7Ibi biteganywa mu ngingo ya 188 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha.