UBUSHINJACYAHA vs BIMENYIMANA STEVEN

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs BIMENYIMANA STEVEN

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-19 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00540/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs BIMENYIMANA STEVEN [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00540/2023/CA (Tugireyezu P.J.) 19 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko yerekeye imanza nshinjabyaha – Kugabanya igihano – Mu gihe uregwa yagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije ku rwego rwa mbere ntiyakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ku rwego rw’ubujurire. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye abitwa Bimenyimana na Hakizayezu ku cyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yuko bafashwe n’abapolisi mu gihe cya saa cyenda z’ijoro bafite urumogi rungana na boules ibihumbi bitanu (5000) bagiye kurugurisha. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemezwa ko abaregwa bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rubahanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw kuri buri wese rubagabanyirije igihano kuko bemeye icyaha babazwa no kuba bashobora kwisubiraho. Abaregwa ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, barujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, Bimenyimana avuga ko kuva yafatwa yemeye icyaha cyo gutunda urumogi, ariko akaba yarahawe ibihano birebire, asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano no guhabwa isubikagihano. Hakizayezu we yajuriye avuga ko asaba kurenganurwa kuko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha atigeze akora. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite ariko rubagabanyiriza ibihano, kuri Hakizayezu ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 10 hashingiwe ku kuba igikorwa yakoze cyo gutunda urumogi nta ngaruka cyagize kuko aho yari arujyanye atabashije kuruhageza, kuba ari bwo yari akimara kuzuza imyaka 18 kandi akaba yaragushijwe mu cyaha na Bimenyimana. Uyu Bimenyimana we yahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya miriyoni cumi n’eshanu (15.000.000 Frw) kuko igikorwa yakoze cyo gutunda urumogi nta ngaruka cyagize, kuko aho yari arujyanye atabashije kuruhageza. Bimenyimana ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagombye kuba rwaramugabanyirije ibihano kubera ko urumogi yari atwaye nta ngaruka rwateje, kuko rwafashwe rutaragera mu buturage ngo barunywe, bityo asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, ko hashingirwa ku manza zagiye zicibwa zikagena cyangwa zikemerera umucamanza gutanga ibihano biri munsi y’ibihano bito bigenwa n’itegeko. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ibihano yahawe ari byo bito bishoboka, bikaba bitakongera kugabanywa kuko ubusanzwe icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu rwego rw’urumogi yahamijwe gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ariko we akaba yarahanishijwe imyaka 15. Buvuga kandi ko ku byerekeye no kuba yahabwa igihano kiri munsi y’ikigenwa n’itegeko bitashingirwaho, kuko umurongo wagiyeho mbere y’itegeko ririho, udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ritagikoreshwa (cyangwa ryahinduwe) nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Twagirumukiza. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu gihe uregwa yagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije ku rwego rwa mbere ntiyakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ku rwego rw’ubujurire. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs. Havugimana Innocent, RPAA 0085/09/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/06/2011. Ubushinjacyaha vs. Rusesabagina n’abandi, RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04 Mata 2022.

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Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; Urubanza ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’ihazabu. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 12/06/2021, mu gihe cya saa cyenda z’ijoro, Bimenyimana Steven na Hakizayezu James bafashwe n’abapolisi ahitwa ku mucanga mu Mudugudu wa Kabere, mu Kagari ka Gora, mu Murenge wa Cyanzarwe, bafite urumogi rungana na boules ibihumbi bitanu (5000) bagiye kurugurisha, batangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu bukurikiranyeho Bimenyimana Steven na Hakizayezu James icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko kibahama bagahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu no gutanga ihazabu ingana na 30.000.000 Frw. [3] Bimenyimana Steven yaburanye yemera icyaha akavuga ko yahamagawe n’uwitwa Gatoto amwizeza kumuha 5.000 Frw, akamutwarira urumogi, ko nawe yiyambaje Hakizayezu James kugira ngo amutwaze kuko we yari yaravunitse naho Hakizayezu James aburana agihakana akavuga ko yahamagawe na Bimenyimana Steven ngo amuherekeze ariko akaba atari azi ibyo atwaye ibyo aribyo. [4] Mu rubanza No RP 00336/2021/TGI/RBV rwaciwe ku wa 29/06/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko abaregwa bakoze icyaha birimo: - Ukwiyemerera icyaha abaregwa bakoreye mu nzego z’Ubugenzacyaha; - Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya barimo Ndayambaje Alphonse na Nasingizwe Jean Marie Vianey ari nabo babafashe. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Hakizayezu James na Bimenyimana Steven bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ariko kuko bemeye icyaha babazwa no kuba bashobora kwisubiraho, rwabagabanyirije igihano, rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw kuri buri wese. [5] Bimenyimana Steven na Hakizayezu James ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza bajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, Bimenyimana Steven avuga ko kuva yafatwa yemeye icyaha cyo gutunda urumogi, ariko akaba yarahawe ibihano birebire, asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano no guhabwa isubikagihano. Hakizayezu James we yajuriye avuga ko asaba kurenganurwa kuko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha atigeze akora. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite kuko kugabanyirizwa ibihano Bimenyimana Steven asaba yabihawe n’Urukiko rwaciye urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere, naho Hakizayezu James Urukiko rwasobanuye ko hari ibimenyetso bitandukanye rwashingiyeho rumuhamya icyaha. [7] Mu rubanza No RPA 00673/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 14/11/2023, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwasanze Hakizayezu James ubujrire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko atabashije kuvuguruza ibyo yavugiye mu nzego z’iperereza, ariko rushingiye ku kuba igikorwa yakoze cyo gutunda

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urumogi nta ngaruka cyagize kuko aho yari arujyanye atabashije kuruhageza, kuba ari bwo yari akimara kuzuza imyaka 18 kandi akaba yaragushijwe mu cyaha na Bimenyimana Steven, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo imyaka cumi (10) n’ihazabu ya miriyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw). Rwasanze kandi na Bimenyimana Steven, n’ubwo atagaragaza inenge iri mu rubanza, yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko igikorwa yakoze cyo gutunda urumogi nta ngaruka cyagize, kuko aho yari arujyanye atabashije kuruhageza maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu n’ihazabu ya miriyoni cumi n’eshanu (15.000.000 Frw). [8] Bimenyimana Steven ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa nº RPAA 00540/2023/CA, iburanishwa rishyirwa ku wa 03/12/2024, Bimenyimana Steven yunganiwe na Me Kabami Semucyo Marie Claire naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire no mu minuranire ye, Bimenyimana Steven yajuriye avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagombye kuba rwaramugabanyirije ibihano kubera ko urumogi yari atwaye nta ngaruka rwateje, kuko rwafashwe rutaragera mu buturage ngo barunywe, bityo asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [10] Umwunganizi wa Bimenyimana Steven avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi hari impamvu zagombaga gushingirwaho n’umucamanza amugabanyiriza ibihano zirimo kuba yaremeye icyaha, kuba ari bwo bwa mbere yari ahanwe n’urukiko; ko hashingirwa ku manza zagiye zicibwa zikagena cyangwa zikemerera umucamanza gutanga ibihano biri munsi y’ibihano bito bigenwa n’itegeko; bityo asaba ko Bimenyimana Steven yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5 ans). [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Bimenyimana Steven atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ibihano yahawe ari byo bito bishoboka, bikaba bitakongera kugabanywa kuko ubusanzwe icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu rwego rw’urumogi yahamijwe gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ariko we akaba yarahanishijwe imyaka 15. [12] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari: kumenya niba igihano Bimenyimana Steven yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA  Kumenya niba igihano Bimenyimana Steven yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. [13] Bimenyimana Steven yajuriye avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagombye kuba rwaramugabanyirije ibihano kubera ko urumogi yari atwaye nta ngaruka rwateje kuko rwafashwe rutaragera mu buturage ngo barunywe, bityo asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [14] Umwunganizi wa Bimenyimana Steven avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi hari impamvu zagombaga gushingirwaho n’umucamanza amugabanyiriza ibihano zirimo kuba yaremeye icyaha, kuba ari bwo bwa mbere yari ahanwe n’urukiko; ko hashingirwa ku manza zagiye zicibwa zikagena cyangwa zikemerera umucamanza gutanga ibihano biri munsi y’ibihano bito bigenwa n’itegeko; bityo asaba ko Bimenyimana Steven yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5 ans). [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Bimenyimana Steven atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ibihano yahawe ari byo bito bishoboka, bikaba bitakongera kugabanywa kuko ubusanzwe icyaha cyo

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gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu rwego rw’urumogi yahamijwe gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ariko we akaba yarahanishijwe imyaka 15. [16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asobanura ko kuba hari izindi manza zaciwe zatanze ibihano biri munsi y’ibihano Bimenyimana Steven yahawe kandi barakoze ibyaba nk’ibye, ibyo bitashingirwaho kubera ko izo manza bavuga zashingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange kandi iyo ngingo nk’uko byagaragajwe, yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza No RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, aho rwasobanuye ko ibirebana no kugabanya ibihano hashingiwe ku murongo wagiyeho mbere y’itegeko ririho, udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ritagikoreshwa (cyangwa ryahinduwe). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Hakurikijwe ibivugwa n’ababuranyi, Urukiko rurasanga impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Bimenyimana Steven atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije. [18] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije cyafashweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga1, mu rubanza no RPAA 0085/09/CS rwaciwe ku wa 17/06/2011, haburana Ubushunjacyaha na Havugimana Innocent, igika cya 6, ndetse n’uru Rukiko2 aho izo nkiko zasobanuye ko abaregwa badakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba baragabanyirijwe igihano bihagije ku rwego rwa mbere. [19] Dosiye igaragaza ko Bimenyimana Steven yafatanwe udupfunyika tw’urumogi ibihumbi bitanu (5000), kuva agifatwa yemeye icyaha anagisabira imbabazi ku buryo budashidikanywaho. Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza no RPA 00673/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 14/11/2023, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rushingiye kuri uko kwemera icyaha kwe no kuba igikorwa yakoze cyo gutunda urumogi nta ngaruka cyagize kuko aho yari arujyanye atabashije kuruhageza, rwagabanyirije Bimenyimana Steven igihano rumuvana ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na 20.000.000 Frw yari yahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 15.000.000 Frw. [20] Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko nyuma y’uko Bimenyimana Steven ajuririye uru rukiko rutaraca urubanza hasohotse itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, aho mu ngingo yaryo ya 2 (a) iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 naho (d) ikavuga ko igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Bimenyimana Steven yaragabanyirijwe igihano n’Urukiko Rukuru rumuvana ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na 20.000.000 Frw yari yahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 15.000.000 Frw kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho no kuba icyaha yakoze akaba nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, icyo gihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru kikaba rero gikwiriye ugereranije n’uburemere bw’icyaha yahamijwe cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aho yafatanwe udupfunyika tw’urumogi ibihumbi bitanu (5000).

1 Reba urubanza no RPAA 0085/09/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/06/2011, haburana Ubushunjacyaha na Havugimana Innocent, igika cya 6 2 Reba urubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Rusesabagina Paul na bagenzi be, urupapuro rwa 91, igika cya 264

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[22] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga rero rutahanisha Bimenyimana Steven igihano cy’imyaka 5 cyangwa ngo rujye munsi nk’uko umwunganira abisaba, ahubwo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka d3, y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kuko yahawe igihano gito giteganyirizwa icyaha yahamijwe. Rurasanga ahubwo hashingiwe kuri iyo ngingo rwamugabanyiriza igihano cy’ihazabu yari yahanishijwe kingana na 15.000.000 Frw, maze agahanishwa ihazabu ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [23] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Bimenyimana Steven yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ashobora guhabwa mu gihe agabanyirijwe, bityo uru Rukiko rukaba rudashobora kujya munsi yacyo. Rurasanga ariko rwamugabanyiriza ihazabu, ikava kuri miliyoni cumi n’eshanu (15.000.000 Frw) yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ikaba miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Bimenyimana Steven, bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [25] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza n˚ RPA 00673/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 14/11/2023 ihindutse gusa ku birebana n’ihazabu; [26] Rwemeje ko Bimenyimana Steven ahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw); [27] Ruvuze ko asonewe amagarama y'urubanza kuko aburana afunze.

3 Iteganya ko “igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”