UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BIMENYIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BIMENYIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-17 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01338/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BIMENYIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 01338/2024/CA (Rutazana, P.J.,) 17 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange – Icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’icy’ihazabu, ariko ku bireba igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 naho ku bireba igihano cy’ihazabu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Bimenyimana Syldio yafatanywe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 500 n’imbuto zarwo zingana n’inusu, ahita afatwa ashyikirizwa inzego zishinzwe ikurikiranacyaha. Iperereza rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Bimenyimana Syldio mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na 30.000.000Frw, Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi.

Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwemeje ko Bimenyimana Syldio ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na 20.000.000Frw. Bimenyimana Syldio yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyiriza igihano avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rutakigabanyije ku buryo buhagije kandi yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, kandi ko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwemeje ko igihano Bimenyimana Syldio yahanishijwe gikwiriye kugabanywa mu rwego rwo kugihuza n’uburemere bw’icyaha ashinjwa, hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi kandi akaba yaracyemeye mu buryo budashidikanywaho akanagisabira imbabazi mu iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere; maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000Frw. Bimenyimana Syldio yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, akomeza gutakamba asaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko igihano yahanishijwe aricyo gito giteganyijwe n’Itegeko ku cyaha yahamijwe, bityo ko kidashobora kongera kugabanywa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’icy’ihazabu, ariko ku bireba igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 naho ku bireba igihano cy’ihazabu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.

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Ubujurire nta shingiro.

Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/3/2014; Urubanza RPAA 00572/2022/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/2/2024; Urubanza RPAA 00579/2022/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Habumugisha, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 28/2/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 15/10/2020 mu gihe cya saa tanu z’amanywa, mu rugo kwa Bimenyimana Syldio ruherereye mu Mudugudu wa Kanyinya, Akagari ka Mbuye, Umurenge wa Mbuye mu Karere ka Ruhango, yafatanywe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 500 n’imbuto zarwo zingana n’inusu, ruhishe mu murima w’imyumbati uri munsi y’urugo, ahita afatwa ashyikirizwa inzego zishinzwe ikurikiranacyaha. [2] Iperereza rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Bimenyimana Syldio mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na 30.000.000 Frw. [3] Bimenyimana Syldio yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, asobanura ko yatangiye gucuruza urumogi mu kwezi kwa 7/2020 kandi ko urwo yafatanywe rwari urwe rwo gucuruza ariko akaba yarafashwe atararucuruzaho. Umwunganira we yasabye Urukiko guca inkoni izamba rukagabanyiriza Bimenyimana Syldio igihano kuko atagoye ubutabera kandi rukamukuriraho igihano cy’ihazabu. [4] Mu rubanza RP 01051/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga kuwa 16/11/2020 rwemeje ko Bimenyimana Syldio ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na 20.000.000 FRW. Ibyo Urukiko rwabyemeje rushingiye ku kuba hari nyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 500 n’imbuto zarwo zingana n’inusu, Bimenyimana Syldio yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko ariwe warufatanywe, kuba yemera icyaha no kuba hari abatangabuhamya bamushinja.

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[5] Bimenyimana Syldio yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyiriza igihano kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rutakigabanyije ku buryo buhagije kandi yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi. [6] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko Bimenyimana Syldio yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 Frw kuko aricyo kiri mu mbibi z’Itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ ibihano muri rusange. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 00020/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 21/11/2024, rwemeje ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, igihano Bimenyimana Syldio yahanishijwe gikwiriye kugabanywa mu rwego rwo kugihuza n’uburemere bw’icyaha ashinjwa, hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi kandi akaba yaracyemeye mu buryo budashidikanywaho akanagisabira imbabazi mu iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere; maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 FRW. [8] Bimenyimana Syldio yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 01338/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 08/07/2025 yunganiwe na Me Sebazungu Cathérine naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grāce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu bujurire bwe Bimenyimana Syldio akomeza gutakamba asaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Bimenyimana Syldio nta shingiro bufite kuko igihano yahanishijwe aricyo gito giteganyijwe n’Itegeko ku cyaha yahamijwe, kikaba rero kidashobora kongera kugabanywa. [11] Hashingiwe ku mpaka zaaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasuzuma niba igihano Bimenyimana Syldio yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa gishobora kongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’ IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Bimenyimana Syldio yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa gishobora kongera kugabanywa [12] Bimenyimana Syldio na Me Sebazungu Cathérine umwunganira bavuga ko n’ubwo igihano yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa gikurikije ibiteganywa n’itegeko, ubujurire bwe bugamije gukomeza gutakambira Urukiko basaba ko mu bushishozi bwarwo rwakongera kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi kandi akaba yaragikoze kubera ubukene yatewe n’icyorezo cya COVID -19. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000FRW Bimenyimana Syldio yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kidashobora kongera kugabanywa, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2, agace ka (a) n’aka (d), y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya

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ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, no ku murongo uhuriweho n’imanza11 zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, w’uko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa igihano iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yaragabanyirijwe bihagije harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo cyakozwemo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000frw Bimenyimana Syldio yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kubera icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi yahamijwe, gishobora kongera kugabanywa. [15] Icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye2 ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi ya 20.000.000Frw ariko itarenze 30.000.000Frw. [16] Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ibikurikira: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15“… (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”. [17] Ibiteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 11 y'Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 n’iya 2, mu duce twa (a) na (d), y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 zimaze kuvugwa haruguru birebewe hamwe, byumvikanisha ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’icy’ihazabu, ariko ku bireba igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 naho ku bireba igihano cy’ihazabu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.

[18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kandi rushingiye kuri iyo ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru, mu manza zitandukanye rwaciye ku bantu bahamwe n’ibyaha birimo gucuruza, kubika no gutunda

1 Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko uwo murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 7/3/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana unakomeza gukurikizwa mu zindi manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nk’ urubanza RPAA 00572/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 23/2/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Théophile (igika cya 16) n’urubanza RPAA 00579/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/2/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habumugisha Alphonse (igika cya 14).

2 Hashingiwe ku Mugereka wa mbere w’Itekarya Minisitiri Nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo, urumogi ruri mu cyiciro cy’ibyobyabwenge bihambaye.

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ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi biteganywa kandi bigahanwa n’ingingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu3, rwemeje ko abaregwa badashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) 4. Muri zimwe mu manza ziherutse gucibwa hashingiwe kuri uwo murongo harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00436/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bikorimana Jean Baptise (igika cya 15) n’urubanza RPAA 00295/2024/CA rwaciwe kuwa 28/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Iradukunda Diane (igika cya 15). [19] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rujuririrwa (mu gika cya 12), Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano Bimenyimana Syldio yahanishijwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko yemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi mu buryo budashidikanywaho mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha ku buryo buzwi; maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 FRW.

[20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru (igika cya 17), igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 Frw Bimenyimana Syldio yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa ari cyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, kikaba rero kidashobora kongera kugabanywa. [21] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe mu bika bibanziriza iki, Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga nta kosa Bimenyimana Syldio yagaragaje ryakozwe mu rubanza yajuririye, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Bimenyimana Syldio nta shingiro bufite. [23] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00020/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 21/11/2024 rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [24] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda Miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 FRW) Bimenyimana Syldio yahanishijwe kigumyeho.

3 Ingingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ibikurikira: “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: (1o) igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”.

4Reba urubanza RPAA 00097/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase, igika cya 17, urubanza RPAA 00099/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 16/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre, igika cya 19 n’izindi.

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[25] Rutegetse ko Bimenyimana Syldio asonewe amagarama kuko aburana afunze.