UBUSHINJACYAHA v BIZABARIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v BIZABARIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-23 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00069/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v BIZABARIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00069/2025/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 23 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igihano – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Uwakoze icyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, igihe hemejwe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ntashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo ngo kijye munsi y’imyaka cumi itanu (15). Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikiranye Bizabarimana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, ku cyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yuko afashwe atwaye ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, avuga ko arushyiriye uwitwa Muhirwa wari urumutumye, akamuhemba, kandi ko amaze umwaka wose akora ako kazi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Bizabarimana yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano birebire kandi yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi. Asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Bizabarimana yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko Urukiko Rukuru rutabimugabinyirije bihagije bashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, abisaba yifashishije umurongo uvuga ko buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo ari rwo rwose, yemerewe kongera kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Bizabarimana nta shingiro zifite kuko yagabanyirijwe ibihano bihagije kandi bishingiye ku mategeko bityo ko atakongera kubigabanyirizwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Uwakoze icyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, igihe hemejwe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ntashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo ngo kijye munsi y’imyaka cumi itanu (15). Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Ntamakiriro, RPAA 00391/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025

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Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 29/10/2023, Bizabarimana Innocent, yafashwe atwaye ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, avuga ko arushyiriye uwitwa Muhirwa wari urumutumye, akamuhemba, kandi ko amaze umwaka wose akora ako kazi, aho arukura mu Karere ka Burera akarushyira uwarumutumye. Ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000 Frw. [3] Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Bizabarimana Innocent mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000 Frw. [4] Mu rubanza N° RP 00691/2023/TGI/GIC, rwaciwe ku wa 14/12/2023, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bihamya Bizabarimana Innocent icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi bigizwe na: a) Ukwemera icyaha kwe, agasobanura ko urumogi arukura ku isoko rya Kinyarwanda arujyana i Byumba, agasobanura ko yari yahawe akazi n’uwitwa Muhirwa wagombaga kumwishyura 2500 Frw iyo arumugezaho; b) Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja gutunda urumogi no gufatanwa udupfunyika 124; c) Amafoto amugaragaza afite urumogi; d) Inyandikomvugo y’ifatira igaragaza ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 124 tw’urumogi. Urukiko rwashingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeza ko Bizabarimana Innocent ahamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [5] Bizabarimana Innocent yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano birebire kandi yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi. Asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nta kosa Urukiko rubanza rwakoze mu guhanisha Bizabarimana Innocent igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw kuko aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko bityo ko adakwiye kongera kukigabanyirizwa. [7] Mu rubanza N° RPA 00027/2024/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 31/12/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, nyuma yo gusuzuma impamvu z’ubujurire za Bizabarimana Innocent, rwasanze zidafite ishingiro kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije ahanishwa igifungo gito giteganwa n’Itegeko kandi ko umucamanza atemerewe gutanga igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito

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giteganyijwe n’Itegeko nk’uko ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko no 68/2018, ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ibiteganya. Rubishingiraho, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose, rutegeka ko Bizabarimana Innocent akomeza guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [8] Bizabarimana Innocent yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa N° RPAA 00069/2025/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 09/12/2025, Bizabarimana Innocent yunganiwe na Me Shema Gerald, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Harindintwari Côme, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire, Bizabarimana Innocent na Me Shema Gerald basaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko Urukiko Rukuru rutabimugabinyirije bihagije bashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Bizabarimana Innocent, nta shingiro zifite kuko yagabanyirijwe ibihano bihagije kandi bishingiye ku mategeko bityo ko atakongera kubigabanyirizwa. [11] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Bizabarimana Innocent akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Bizabarimana Innocent akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano [12] Bizabarimana Innocent n’umwunganira, basaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano bashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze ndetse no kumurongo watanzwe mu rubanza no RPAA 00060/2021/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte, aho Urukiko rwasobanuye ko mu manza nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rujuririrwa uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo ari rwo rwose, yemerewe kongera kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo. [13] Ubushinjacyaha busaba ko Bizabarimana Innocent atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, busobanura ko yagabanyirijwe ibihano bihagije hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, rihindura Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [14] Bukomeza buvuga ko ku bijyanye n’urubanza Bizabarimana Innocent ashingiraho asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, busanga rutashingirwaho kuko umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko udakomeza gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahindutse, busaba ko ahubwo hashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza no RPAA 00832/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bamureke Fred, igika cya 17.

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[15] Ubushinjacyaha busobanura kandi ko icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, igabanyagihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, igihano gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 151. Busaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA Impaka kuri iyi ngingo, zishingiye ku kumenya niba Bizabarimana Innocent akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuri uru rwego kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha n’umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza yagaragaje, ku buryo yahanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [16] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.” [17] Ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba umuntu wahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyakemuwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, kuva aho Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange risohokeye, aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko icyo gihano kidashobora kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko kuri icyo cyaha ndetse no ku kindi cyaha cyose gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Muri izo manza harimo n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00391/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ntamakiriro Ezechiel2. [18] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 113, Urukiko Rukuru, rwasanze ubusabe bwa Bizabarimana Innocent bwo kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere ashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, nta shingiro bufite kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yagabanyirijwe igihano kuburyo buhagije, ahanishwa igifungo cyo hasi giteganyijwe n’Itegeko kandi ko umucamanza atemerewe gutanga igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe, nk’uko ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ibiteganya; rugumishaho igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Bizabarimana Innocent yahanishijwe mu rubanza yajuririye. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rurasanga, nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mukugumisha Bizabarimana Innocent ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw yahanishijwe

1 Busaba ko harebwa urubanza no RPAA 00832/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bamureke Fred, igika cya 16. 2 Reba igika cyarwo cya 14. 3 Reba urubanza no RPA 00027/2024/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 31/12/2024.

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n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, kuko aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko nk’uko ingingo ya 2 agace ka (a) n’aka (d), y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryagarutsweho mu gika cya 16 cy’uru rubanza, ibiteganya. [20] Rurasanga kandi, rushingiye kuriyo ngingo ya 2 ivugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, ndetse no ku murongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rugendeye kuri iyo ngingo nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru mu gika cya 17 cy’uru rubanza, igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, Bizabarimana Innocent yahanishijwe mu manza zibanza, kidashobora kugibwa munsi, bityo impamvu ze z’ubujurire kuriyo ngingo zikaba zidafite ishingiro. [21] Hashingiwe kubimaze kuvugwa byose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyasabwe na Bizabarimana Innocent n’umwunganizi we, ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahanishijwe bashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze ndetse no kumurongo watanzwe mu rubanza no RPAA 00060/2021/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte, nta shingiro bifite, kuko yahanishijwe igihano gito gishoboka, kitagibwa munsi, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 n’umurongo byavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Bizabarimana Innocent nta shingiro bufite; [23] Rwemeje ko urubanza N° RPA 00027/2024/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 31/12/2024, rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose, Bizabarimana Innocent, akaba akomeje guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw).