BIZIMANA v AKARERE KA NYAMASHEKE

# BIZIMANA v AKARERE KA NYAMASHEKE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2021-02-17 - Case/document no.: RADA 00004/2019/HC/RSZ - Collection: High Court

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BIZIMANA v AKARERE KA NYAMASHEKE [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU, URUGEREKO RWA RUSIZI – RADA 00004/2019/HC/RSZ – (Habimana, J. P.) 17 Gashyantare 2021] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso n’itangwa ryabyo – Ukwiyemerera kw’umuburanyi – Ukwemera k’umuburanyi gukorewe imbere y’Urukiko – Igihe cyose umuburanyi agize ibyo yemera imbere y’urukiko, amagambo ye ashobora gufatwa nk’ikimenyetso kimutsindisha kandi akaba adashobora kwisubiraho igihe cyose atayemejwe n’uko yagirirwaga nabi cyangwa ko yibeshye ku cyabaye – Ntibyemewe kuvana amagambo amwe mu yo umuburanyi yavuze ngo abe ari yo bamutsindisha adafatiwe hamwe nk’uko yayavuze. Incamake y’ikibazo: Bizimana ntiyumvikanye n’Akarere ka Nyamasheke ku kibazo cyo kwimurwa agahabwa ingurane ikwiye ku nzu ye yangiritse kubera ikorwaga ry’umuhanda Mubumbano – Shara, atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamasheke asaba indishyi z’uko imashini zamwangirije inzu. Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite, ahita ajurira uru Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi avuga ko atahawe indishyi yaregeye mu gihe ibisabwa byose ngo zitangwe byari byuzuye birimo kuba inzu ye yarangiritse no kuba Akarere ka Nyamasheke kiyemerera ko yangijwe n’ikorwa ry’umuhanda wako. Akarere ka Nyamasheke kisobanuye kavuga ko ibivugwa n’Urega nta shingiro bifite kubera ko nta mategeko yirengagijwe, ndetse nta kwivuguruza kwabayeho mu rubanza rujuririrwa kubera ko kuvuga ko inzu yangijwe n’ibikorwa by’umuhanda ibyo bidasobanuye ko igomba gusenywa nyirayo akimurwa bundi bushya kandi bigaragara ko yasanwa igaturwamo. Bityo, kakaba gasaba ko indishyi zisabwa na Bizimana zijyanye no kwimurwa agahabwa ingurane ikwiye atazihabwa kuko atazikwiye. Akarere gakomeza gasobanura ko kuba karemeye ko inzu ya Bizimana yasanwa ibyo bitavuze ko yangiritse byo gusenywa no kumwimura nk’uko abyifuza. Yahawe amafaranga yagenewe yo gusana inzu ye arayanga avuga ko ari make, ariko akayagaya kubera ko we yifuza kwimurwa. Bityo, indishyi adakwiye Urukiko rwavuze, ni izo we yifuza ari nazo yarusabye. Bizimana avuga ko mu isobanura mpamvu y’icyemezo Urukiko rwabanje rwafashe ibintu uko bitari aho ruvuga ko umugenagaciro yazanye yavuze ko inzu ari nzima, ibi akaba atari byo kuko icyo umugenagaciro yakoze ari ukugaragaza agaciro inzu yari ifite mbere y’uko yangizwa, ndetse n'Akarere akaba ariko kabivuze ubwo kasobanuraga ko iryo genagaciro ari irigaragaza agaciro inzu yari ifite mbere yuko yangirika, gusa kagaragaza ko atari irigaragaza urugero rwo kwangirika. Avuga kandi ko igenagaciro rigaragaza ubwangirike ari ikimenyetso kimara impaka muri uru rubanza, aho gushingira gusa kuba Urukiko mu iperereza rwararasanze iyo nzu n’ubwo yangiritse ishobora guturwamo. Asoza avuga ko akwiye guhabwa izo ndishyi kubera ko Akarere ka Nyamasheke kemera ko kangije inzu ye kandi kakabikora kirengagije amategeko cyane cyane ingingo ya 29 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda rivuga ko umutungo w’umuntu ari ntavogerwa, bityo nkuko amategeko abiteganya agahabwa indishyi ikwiye kubera kwangirizwa umutungo we. Incamake y’icyemezo: Igihe cyose umuburanyi agize ibyo yemera imbere y’urukiko, amagambo ye ashobora gufatwa nk’ikimenyetso kimutsindisha kandi akaba adashobora

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kwisubiraho igihe cyose atayemejwe n’uko yagirirwaga nabi cyangwa ko yibeshye ku cyabaye. Ntibyemewe kuvana amagambo amwe mu yo umuburanyi yavuze ngo abe ari yo bamutsindisha adafatiwe hamwe nk’uko yayavuze. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi. Amagarama aherera ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015, ingingo ya 29. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 6. Itegeko No 32/2015 ryo kuwa 11/6/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z'inyungu rusange. ltegeko No 15/2004 ryo kuwa 19/07/2004 rigena ibimenyetso mu manza n'itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 108 n’iya 110. Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 ryerekeye imirimo nshinganwa cyangwa amasezerano, ingingo ya 258. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu mwaka wa 2016 bahayeho ikorwa ry’umuhanda Mubumbano - Shara mu Karere ka Nyamasheke, Bizimana Jean akaba ari umwe mu baturage bari batiriye inkengero zawo bagizweho ingaruka n’ibyo bikorwa biturutse ku mashini zanyeganyeje ubutaka bigatuma inzu zimwe zisenyuka izindi zikangirika inkuta. Iryo yangirika ryatumye abaturage bamwe bimurwa kubera ibikorwa by’inyugu rusange maze bahabwa ingurane ikwiye, abandi basanirwa ibyangiritse kubera ko imbago z’umuhanda zitabagezeho. Bityo akaba yifuza ko Akarere ka Nyamasheke kamuriha agaciro kiyo nzu ye yangiritse bitewe n’ikorwa ry’uwo muhanda kuko wasize iyo nzu idashobora guturwamo. Bizimana Jean yashyizwe mu cyiciro cy’abagomba gusanirwa, ariko we yifuza ko yakwimurwa agahabwa ingurane ikwiye. Urega abona inzu yaragize ikibazo kiri ku rwego rutuma akwiye guhabwa ingurane akimurwa, naho uregwa akabona inzu itarangiritse byayibuza gusanwa no guturwamo. Ny’uko y’uko ubwumvikane n’Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Nyamasheke budashobotse Bizimana Jean yahise atanga ikirego mu rukiko asaba indishyi z’uko imashini zamwangirije inzu. [2] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaje kwemeza ko ikirego cya Bizimana Jean nta shingiro gifite nyuma y’uko rukoze iperereza rugasanga inzu ye ishobora guturwamo, ko ahubwo icyo yakorerwa ari ugusanirwa ibikorwa bye byangiritse. Bizimana Jean yahise ajuririra icyo

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cyemezo akinenga ko habayeho ukwirengagiza amategeko ajyanye no kuba Akarere kemera ko inzu ye yangijwe n’ikorwa ry’umuhanda ariko Urukiko rukabirengaho rukemeza ko adakwiye kubibonera indishyi ikwiye. Yanenze ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa habayemo kwivuguruza hemezwa ko inzu ye yangijwe n’ikorwa ry’umuhanda ariko Urukiko ruvuga ko bitatuma idaturwamo. Bizimana Jean yashoje anenga kandi kuba atarahawe indishyi yaregeye mu gihe ibisabwa byose ngo zitangwe byari byuzuye birimo kuba inzu ye yarangiritse no kuba Akarere ka Nyamasheke kiyemerera ko yangijwe n’ikorwa ry’umuhanda wako. [3] Ku ruhande rw’Akarere ka Nyamasheke basobanuye ko Ibivugwa na Bizimana Jean nta shingiro bifite kubera ko nta mategeko yirengagijwe. Akarere kemera ko inzu yangiritse kandi kemeye kuyisana ariko Bizimana Jean akaba atari byo yifuza ahubwo ashaka kwimurwa. Intumwa ya Leta yasobanuye ko nta kwivuguruza kwabayeho mu rubanza rujuririrwa kubera ko kuvuga ko inzu yangijwe n’ibikorwa by’umuhanda ibyo bidasobanuye ko igomba gusenywa nyirayo akimurwa bundi bushya kandi bigaragara ko yasanwa igaturwamo. Intumwa ya Leta yasoje ivuga ko indishyi zisabwa na Bizimana Jean zijyanye no kwimurwa agahabwa ingurane ikwiye ntazo yahabwa kubera ko atazikwiye. [4] Nyuma yo kumva ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’impande zose, Urukiko rwasanze impamvu z’ubujurire zaragizwe nyinshi nyamra zimwe zigiye zisa, ariko muby’ukuri impamvu nyamukuru y’ubu bujurire ikaba jyanye no kumenya ibibazo bikurikira:  Kumenya niba harabayeho kwirengagiza amategeko ajyanye no kwemera icyo uregwa imbere y’urukiko.  Kumenya niba kwemeza ko inzu yangijwe n’ikorwa ry’umuhanda bivuguruzanya no kuba ishobora guturwamo.  Kumenya niba Bizimana Jean agomba kwimurwa agahabwa indishyi ikwiye biturutse ku kuba inzu ye yarangijwe n’imashini zakoraga umuhanda Mubumbano - Shara mu karere ka Nyamasheke. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Ibijyanye no kumenya niba harabayeho kwirengagiza amategeko ajyanye no kwemera icyo uregwa imbere y’urukiko [5] Bizimana Jean ahagarariwe na Me Rumenge Nkundimana Victor yasobanuye ko mu guca urubanza RAD 00006/2018/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe kuwa 28/03/2019 Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rwirengagije amategeko cyane cyane ingingo ya 110 y'ltegeko No 15/2004 ryo kuwa 19/07/2004 rigena ibimenyetso mu manza n'itangwa ryabyo ivuga ko ukwiyemerera mu rubanza ari amagambo umuburanyi cyangwa umuhagarariye avugira mu rukiko agira ibyo yemera. Ayo magambo akaba atsindisha uwayavuze. Me Rumenge Nkundimana Victor yasobanuye ko Akarere ka Nyamasheke mu mwanzuro wako wo kwiregura ndetse n'inyandiko zinyuranye kandikiye Bizimana Jean (ibaruwa yo kuwa 23/05/2018 isaba Bizimana Jean kuza gufata amafaranga yagenewe nk'indishyi y'ibyangiritse ku nzu ye, ibaruwa yo kuwa 02/04/2018 y'umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w'akagali ka Mubumbano yemeza ko inzu yangijwe n'imashini, ibaruwa ya guverineri yo kuwa 31/05/2018 muri iyo baruwa guverineri avuga ko akarere kagaragaje ibyangiritse ku nzu), kemeye ko inzu ye yangijwe n'umutingito w’imashini zakoraga umuhanda Mubumbano - Shara mu karere ka Nyamasheke ndetse kakanamugenera indishyi uretse ko Bizimana Jean atazemeye kubera ko ari nke cyane kandi zidakwiye.

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[6] Me Rumenge Nkundimana Victor mu izina rya Bizimana Jean yasobanuye ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rwarenze kuri uko kwemera ariko ruvuga ko nta ndishyi akwiye guhabwa mu gihe uregwa azemera, n'ubwo yemera nkeya cyane. [7] Mu kwiregura Akarere ka Nyamasheke gahagarariwe n’intumwa ya Leta Me Habumuremyi Prosper kasobanuye ko Urukiko rutirengagije amategeko nk'uko Bizimana Jean abivuga, kubera ko ntaho rwanyuranije n'ingingo ya 110 y'ltegeko No 15/2004 ryo kuwa 19/07/2004 rigena ibimenyetso mu manza n'itangwa ryabyo. lcyo Urukiko rwabonye mu iperereza rwakoze ririmo no kujya aho inzu iri, ni uko itangiritse mu buryo Bizimana Jean abivugamo. Ibyo ni nabyo Akarere kakomeje kumugaragariza na mbere y'uko ikibazo kigera mu nkiko. Akarere kamweretse ko inzu ye idakwiriye gusenywa ngo yimurwe nk'uko we kugeza uyu munsi akomeje kubyifuza. Kamugaragarije ko inzu ye ari iyo gusanwa kandi ko atariwe wenyine kuko hari n'abandi baturage baturanye nawe bahawe amafaranga yo gusana inzu zabo zari zangijwe mu buryo bumwe n’nzu isabirwa indishhyi muri uru rubanza. [8] Me Habumuremyi Prosper yasobanuye ko kuba rero Akarere karemeye ko inzu ya Bizimana Jean yasanwa ibyo bitavuze ko yangiritse byo gusenywa no kwimura nyirayo nk’uko abyifuza. Bizimana Jean yahawe amafaranga yagenewe yo gusana inzu ye arayanga avuga ko ari make, ariko akayagaya kubera ko we yifuza kwimurwa. Indishyi adakwiye Urukiko rwavuze, ni izo we yifuza ari nazo yarusabye. Mu isesengura ryakozwe n’Urukiko rukurikije ibyo rwabonye aho ikiburanwa kiri, ni uko indishyi Bizimana Jean asaba adakwiye kuzihabwa kuko rwasanze inzu yasanwa igaturwamo kuko n'ubundi hari uwayikodesheje ayituramo nyuma y'ikorwa ry'umuhanda. Ntabwo Urukiko rwari guha Bizimana Jean ibyo atarusabye. Bizimana Jean atanga ikirego mu rukiko rubanza yasabye indishyi zikwiye umutungo we zishingiye kukwimurwa ntabwo yatanze ikirego asaba gusanirwa cyangwa kongera amafaranga yo gusanirwa Akarere kari kamugeneye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [9] Ingingo ya 110 y'ltegeko No 15/2004 ryo kuwa 19/07/2004 rigena ibimenyetso mu manza n'itangwa ryabyo ivuga ko ukwiyemerera mu rubanza ari amagambo umuburanyi cyangwa umuhagarariye avugira mu rukiko agira ibyo yemera. Ayo magambo akaba atsindisha uwayavuze. Ntibyemewe kuvana amagambo amwe mu yo yavuze ngo abe ari yo bamutsindisha adafatiwe hamwe nk’uko yayavuze. Uwemereye atyo mu rukiko ntabwo ashobora kwisubiraho keretse bigaragaye ko yemejwe n’uko yagirirwaga nabi cyangwa ko yibeshya ku cyabaye. Ntashobora kwisubiraho avuga ko yayobejwe no kwibeshya ku mategeko. Iyi ngingo y’itegeko isobanuye ko igihe cyose umuburanyi agize ibyo yemera imbere y’urukiko, amagambo ye ashobora gufatwa nk’ikimenyetso kimutsindisha kandi akaba adashobora kwisubiraho igihe cyose atayemejwe n’uko yagirirwaga nabi cyangwa ko yibeshya ku cyabaye. Iyi ngingo ariko ikanongeraho ko bitemewe kuvana amagambo amwe mu yo umuburanyi yavuze ngo abe ari yo bamutsindisha adafatiwe hamwe nk’uko yayavuze. [10] Iyi ngingo uyihuje n’uru rubanza n’uko hari ibyo Akarere ka Nyamasheke kiyemerera imbere y’Urukiko, Bizimana Jean akaba abishingiraho nk’ikimenyetso kibatsindisha kigomba gushingirwaho mu guhabwa indishyi yaregeye. Mu gusesengura ibyemewe n’Akarere ka Nyamasheke, Urukiko rurasanga kiyemerera koko ko habayeho ukwangirika kw’inzu ya Bizimana Jean ndetse kakaba kanemera kubitangira indishyi kakamuha amafaranga yo gusana ibyangiritse.

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[11] Nyuma yo gusesengura uko kwemera kwakozwe n’Akarere ka Nyamasheke, Urukiko rurasanga nta kwirengagiza ingingo ijyanye no kugira ibyo umuburanyi yemerera imbere y’Urukiko nk’uko Bizimana Jean abivuga, kubera ko no ku rwego rw’ubujurire kabigarutseho ko kadahakana ko habayeho ukwangirika kw’inzu ye biturutse ku mitingito yaterwaga n’imashini zakoraga umuhanda Mubumbano - Shara mu karere ka Nyamasheke ndetse kakaba kanemera kumwishyura amafaranga y’indishyi yo kuyisana; Ahubwo rurasanga Bizimana Jean ariwe ushaka kunyuranya n’ibiteganywa n’iriya ngingo ya 110 yashingiyeho ajurira cyane cyane igika cyayo cya 3 kivuga ko bitemewe kuvana amagambo amwe mu yo umuburanyi yavuze ngo abe ari yo bamutsindisha adafatiwe hamwe nk’uko yayavuze, kubera ko adashaka no kuvuga ku bijyanye n’uko Akarere katemera ko yakwimurwa kubera inyungu rusange ngo ahabwe ingurane ikwiye, ahubwo kakemera gusa kumusanira inzu ye bitewe n’uko igishobora guturwamo. Bityo iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire ijyanye no kwirengagiza ukwemera k’umuburanyi gukorewe imbere y’Urukiko ikaba nta shingiro ifite. 2. Ibijyanye no kumenya niba kwemeza ko inzu yangijwe n’ikorwa ry’umuhanda bivuguruzanya no kuba ishobora guturwamo [12] Bizimana Jean ahagarariwe na Me Rumenge Nkundimana Victor yasobanuye ibyavuzwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye ko inzu ye yangijwe n'ikorwa ry'umuhanda kubera imashini zatigisaga ubutaka ariko ko bitatuma idaturwamo, abibonamo ukwivuguruza mu isobanura mpavu y’icyemezo cyarwo, kubera ko mu by’ukuri nta mpamvu n'imwe ihari yatuma Bizimana Jean n'umuryango we batura mu nzu yangiritse kuko byaba ari ugushyira ubuzima bw'umuryango mu kaga. Me Rumenge Nkundimana Victor yasobanuye Urukiko rwafashe ibintu uko bitari aho ruvuga ko umugenagaciro wazanywe na Bizimana Jean yavuze ko inzu ari nzima, ibi akaba atari byo kuko icyo umugenagaciro yakoze ari ukugaragaza agaciro inzu yari ifite mbere y'uko yangizwa, ndetse n'Akarere akaba ariko kabivuze ubwo kasobanuraga ko iryo genagaciro ari irigaragaza agaciro inzu yari ifite mbere yuko yangirika, gusa kagaragaza ko atari irigaragaza urugero rwo kwangirika. Me Rumenge Nkundimana Victor yasoje avuga ko igenagaciro rigaragaza ubwangirike ari ikimenyetso kimara impaka muri uru rubanza, aho gushingira gusa kuba urukiko mu iperereza Urukiko rwararasanze iyo nzu n’ubwo yangiritse ishobora guturwamo. [13] Me Rumenge Nkundimana Victor mu izina rya Bizimana Jean yasobanuye kandi ko hari izindi ngingo zerekana uburyo mu rubanza rujuririrwa haranzwe no kwivuguruza kw’urukiko mu isobanurampamvu ry’icyemezo cyarwo nko kuba Urukiko rwarahaye agaciro imvugo za Iragena Théophile, umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w'Akagari ka Mubumbano, wavuze ko inzu ari nzima kandi ko ishobora guturwamo kuko nawe yayituyemo ayikodesha na Bizimana Jean. lyi mpamvu nta shingiro ifite kuko Iragena yivuguruza cyane bikagaragarira mu nyandiko yise Icyemezo cy'uko inzu yangijwe n'imashini zakoraga umuhanda Mubumbano - Shara cyo kuwa 02/04/2018 aho yemeje ko iyi nzu yangijwe n'ikorwa ry'umuhanda, ariko byagera mu iperereza akabwira Urukiko ko inzu itangiritse kandi ko nta cyemeza ko yangijwe n'ikorwa ry'umuhanda; Ubu buhamya buvuguruzanya ngo ntibwari gushingirwaho nk'igisobanuro cy'uko Bizimana yashoboraga gukomeza kuba mu inzu ye aho kuikodesha, cyane cyane ko nta n’amasezerano y’ubukode Iragena Théophile yagiranye na Bizlmana Jean yerekanye, cyangwa byibuze ngo agaragarize umucamanza aho yaba yaramwishyuriraga amafaranga y'ubukode. [14] Kuri iyi ngingo Akarere ka Nyamasheke gahagarariwe n’intumwa ya Leta Me Habumuremyi Prosper kireguye kagaragaza ko basanga nta kwivuguruza kwabayeho kuko kuba Urukiko rwarabonye ko inzu ya Bizimana Jean hari aho igomba gusanwa bitewe n'ikorwa

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ry'umuhanda ariko nanone rugasanga uburyo yangiritse butayibuza guturwamo, bidasobanuye kwivuguruza. lbyo urukiko rwabonye ninabyo akarere kagiye kagaragariza Bizimana Jean ariko we akifuza kwimurwa mu gihe ntacyo inzu ye yangiritseho kiyishyira mu rwego rwo kuyisenya no kumwimura. Akarere kakaba gasaba Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi ko narwo rwasesengura rugasuzuma niba kuba Urukiko rwaravuze ko inzu hari aho yangiritse kuburyo yasanwa bisobanuye ko indishyi Bizimana Jean asaba azikwiye. Urukiko Rukuru ngo ruzabone ko ikibazo cya Bizimana Jean atari ugusanirwa inzu ahubwo yifuza kwimurwa. Ntaho Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rwivuguruje. Ibimenyetso Akarere kagaragaza byerekana ko inzu ya Bizimana Jean yaturwamo. Ikindi Akarere kavuga ni uko mu gihe Bizimana Jean yareka kwita kunzu ye kuburyo yakwangirika bitewe no kutitabwaho atazabishyira ku Karere ngo niko kayangije. [15] Me Habumuremyi Prosper mu gusoza yavuze kubyerekeranye n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Iragena Théophile, umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w'Akagari ka Mubumbano wigeze gukodesha iriya nzu nyuma y’ikorwa ry’umuhanda, maze asobanura ko ibyashingiweho n'Urukiko bifite ishingiro kuko rutari kwima agaciro ibyagaragajwe n’uwo mutangabuhamya watuye muri iyo nzu ayikodesha na Bizimana Jean. Ubuhamya bwe ngo nta bwivuguruza kuko kuba yaratanze icyemezo cy'uko inzu yangijwe n'imashini zakoraga umuhanda ibyo bitavanaho ko inzu yaba iri ku rwego rwo guturwamo. Kuba inzu yaragombaga gusanwa akarere ka Nyamasheke ntikabihakana, ahubwo icyo batemera ni ikigero cyo kwangirika kw'inzu Bizimana Jean aremereza, kuburyo kubwe igisubizo ari ukuyisenya akimurwa. Kiriya cyemezo cyatanzwe n'umuyobozi w'Akagali ka Mubumbano kikaba kitavuga ko Bizimana Jean akwiye kwimurwa; ahubwo kivuga ko inzu yangiritse akanatanga ubuhamya avuga ko inzu yayibayemo kandi n'ubundi yaturwamo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Ingingo ya 108 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo kuwa 19/07/2004 rigena ibimenyetso mu manza n'itangwa ryabyo ivuga ivuga ko ibimenyetso bicukumbuwe no gusesengura urubanza ari ibimenyetso bitacukumbuwe n’amategeko, bicukumburwa n’ubwenge n’ubushishozi bw’abacamanza. Abacamanza bagomba kwemera gusa ibyo bimenyetso iyo bikomeye, bisobanuye kandi bihuje. [17] Kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire ijyanye no kumenya niba kwemeza ko inzu yangijwe n’ikorwa ry’umuhanda bivuguruzanya no kuba ishobora guturwamo, bigaragara ko atari ikibazo cy’mategeko (Question de Droit). Ahubwo ni ikijyanye n’uko ibintu biteye hanze (Question de Faits) hakamenyekana niba inzu ya Bizimana Jean n’ubwo yangiritse ishobora gusanwa igaturwamo cyangwa se niba bidashoboka kuburyo igisigaye ari ukuyisenya nyirayo agahabwa ingurane ikwiye agashaka indi iyisimbura. Ibi ni nabyo byasuzumwe binafatwaho icyemezo n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye uru rubanza ku rwego rwa mbere. [18] Kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaremeje ko n’ubwo inzu yangiritse ariko bitayibuza kongera guturwamo, ibintu Bizimana Jean afata nko kwivuguruza kubera ko byashyira umuryango we mu kaga baramutse bimikuyemo, Urukiko rurasanga ntaho bihuriye no kwivuguruza kubera ko ntaho rwamutegetse ko agomba guhita ayimukiramo itarasanwa kandi bigaragara ko yangiritse. Ahubwo rushingiye ku kuba nta kibazo cyo kuba yasanirwa gihari kuko Akarere ka Nyamasheke kabimwemereye ndetse kakanamugenera amafaranga yo gusana undi akaba ariwe wanga kuyakira, nibyo byatumye hemezwa ko ari inzu igifite ubuzima bwo kuba

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yaturwamo n’abantu yaba Bizimana Jean ubwe cyangwa se undi muntu yayishyiramo. Ikibazo cyaba gisigaye cyaba kiri mu maboko n’ubushake bwa nyirayo Bizimana Jean cyo kuba yayikoresha idasanwe cyangwa se yabanza akayisana aribyo bishobora kuvamo gushyira umuryango we mu kaga bitewe n’inzira yahisemo. [19] Ibijyanye rero n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Iragena Théophile, umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w'Akagari ka Mubumbano, wavuze mu iperereza ko inzu ari nzima ndetse ko ishobora no guturwamo yirengagije ko yari yanakoze inyandiko yise Icyemezo cy'uko inzu yangijwe n'imashini zakoraga umuhanda Mubumbano - Shara, Urukiko rurasanga kuba nabwo bwarashingiweho mu gufata icyemezo muri uru rubanza nta kibazo kirimo kubera ko ntaho ukwivuguruza kuvugwa na Bizimana Jean kugaragara. Icyo umutangabuhamya yagaragaje nk’umuyobozi n’uko koko inzu ya Bizimana Jean ifite ikibazo cyo kuba yarangijwe n’ikorwa ry’umuhanda kuburyo afite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa indishyi, kandi ibyo n’Akarere ka Nyamasheke kakaba kabyemera; Kuba rero nyuma y’iryo yangirika nawe ubwe yarayitumemo nibyo byafashwe n’Urukiko nk’ikindi kimenyetso kivuguruza ibisabwa na Bizimana Jean ko yakwimurwa kubera ko inzu ye itagishoboye guturwamo. Urukiko rukaba rusanga ibyo urega avuga ko habayeho ivuguruzanya mu isobanurampamvu ry’icyemezo cy’urukiko (Motivation) nta shingiro bifite. 3. Ibijyanye no kumenya niba Bizimana Jean agomba kwimurwa agahabwa indishyi ikwiye biturutse ku kuba inzu ye yarangijwe n’imashini zakoraga umuhanda Mubumbano - Shara mu karere ka Nyamasheke [20] Me Rumenge Nkundimana Victor yasobanuye Bizimana Jean akwiye guhabwa izi ndishyi kubera ko Akarere ka Nyamasheke kemera ko kangije inzu ye kandi kakabikora kirengagije amategeko cyane cyane ingingo ya 29 y'itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda rivuga ko umutungo w'umuntu ari ntavogerwa, bityo nkuko amategeko abiteganya Bizimana Jean agahabwa indishyi ikwiye kubera kwangirizwa umutungo we. Mu ndisshyi asaba hakaba harimo amafaranga 8.482.500Frw y'agaciro k'inzu yangijwe, amafaranaga 30.000Frw x 27mois = 810.000Frw y'ubukode bw'inzu yo kubamo Bizimana Jean yakodesheje nyuma yo gusenyerwa agomba gukomeza kubarwa kugeza igihe urubanza ruzacirirwa; amafaranga 1.000.000Frw y'igihembo cy'avocat ku rwego rwa mbere n'urwa kabiri, amafaranga 500.000 Frw y'indishyi z'akababaro z'uko batumye ajya gukodesha indi nzu yo kubamo kandi yari afite iye, n’amafaranga 40.000Frw yatanzeho igarama muri uru rubanza, hakiyongeraho n’indishyi z’ihungabana bitewe no kwimurwa zingana na 5% y'umutungo yimuweho. Izi ndishyi zigasabwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’itegeko No 32/2015 ryo kuwa 11/6/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z'inyungu rusange. [21] Mu kwiregura Me Habumuremyi Prosper mu izina ry’Akarere ka Nyamasheke yasobanuye ko kuva na mbere y'uko Bizimana Jean atanga ikirego mu Rukiko, Akarere ka Nyamasheke kamugaragarije ibikwiriye gusanwa ku nzu ye akabyanga we yifuza kwimurwa. Ku ruhande rw'Akarere nta kwica amategeko no kuvogera uburenganzira ku mutungo wa Bizimana Jean kwabayeho, ahubwo kazirikanye uburenganzira bwe afite ku mutungo we maze kemera kumusanira. Indishyi zo kwimurwa n'izizishamikiyeho Bizimana Jean asaba akaba atazikwiye nk'uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rwabonye. Kubijyanye n'amafaranga y'indishyi Bizimana Jean asaba ashingiye ku bukode, uhagarariye akarere ka Nyamasheke yasobanuye ko asanga ari ukwifuza gukomeye kuko yaba Akarere, yaba uwabaye mu nzu ivugwa muri uru rubanza, yaba n’Urukiko rwaciye urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere, bose babonye ko ibivugwa na Bizimana Jean atari byo, iyi nzu ishobora guturwamo; Bityoindishyi asaba ngo zikaba

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zidakwiye, naho ibindi yaba yaratanze kuri uru rubanza akaba ariwe ukwiye kubyirengera kuko byaturutse ku makosa ye yo kwanga indishyi yahawe n'Akarere ngo asane inzu ye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [22] Ingingo ya 6 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko ikiburanwa kigenwa n’ibisabwa na buri muburanyi. Ibisabwa bigaragarira mu myanzuro iregera urukiko n’imyanzuro yo kwiregura, bigashimangirwa burundu mu nama ntegurarubanza ku manza iteganyijwemo. Mu iburanisha, umuburanyi ntashobora guhindura ikiburanwa ababuranyi bose batabyemeye. Ikiburanwa ntigishobora guhindurwa mu rukiko rwajuririwe. Icyakora, ikiburanwa gishobora guhindurwa n’ibirego by’imigereka iyo bifitanye isano ihamye n’ibyo ababuranyi basaba. [23] Ubwo Bizimana Jean yatanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, yagaragaje ibibazo bibiri yifuza ko urukiko rwazafataho icyemezo. Muri ibyo bibazo harimo ikijyanye no gusuzuma ko inzu ye yangijwe n’ikorwa ry’umuhanda Mubumbano- Shara, aho yasabye yahabwa indishyi zingana n’amafaranga 8.482.500Frw abazwe mu buryo bukurikira: 5.200.000Frw y’agaciro k’inzu nini, 1.170.000Frw y’agaciro ka annexe na 2.112.500Frw y’agaciro k’ubutaka, akaba ariyo ngurane yifuzaga kugira ngo yimukire ahandi. Ikibazo cya kabiri yasabaga ko gisuzumwa ni amafaranga yakoresheje ajya gukodesha ahandi ho gutura. [24] Nkuko byasobanuwe mu mpamvu z’ubujurire zasuzumwe haruguru, byagaragaye ko nta kibazo cy’umutungo wa Bizimana Jean (Propriete) Akarere ka Nyamasheke kigeze kavogera. Nibyo byavuyemo kwemeza ko atakwimurwa ngo ahabwe ingurane ikwiye isimbura umutungo we wangiritse kubera ko byagaragaye ko ushobora gusanwa nyirawo agakomeza kuwukoresha atabangamiwe; Ahubwo habayeho ko ibikorwa by’Akarere ka Nyamasheke byo kubaka umuhanda Mubumbano - Shara byangiza umutungo wa Bizimana Jean, kandi ibi nabyo bikaba bifite amategeko abigenga1. Akarere kakaba kandi karemeye ubwo buryozwe ndetse kakamugenera indishyi mbere y’uko iki kibazo kigezwa mu nkiko, ariko Bizimana Jean akazanga ahubwo agakomeza inzira y’inkiko asaba ko byanze bikunze agomba guhita yimurwa burundu agahabwa indishyi zihwanye n’agaciro k’umutungo we wose. [25] Urukiko rurasanga rero kubyerekeranye n’indishyi zingana n’agaciro k’inzu yose n’ubutaka yubatseho (8.482.500Frw) Bizimana Jean asaba nta shingiro bifite, kuko byasobanuwe ko nta burenganzira abifitiye mu gihe nta wamuhungabanyije mu mutungo we, bityo ibyemejwe ku rwego rwa mbere bikaba byari bifite ishingiro. Urukiko Rwisumbuye ntaho rwari guhera kandi rugira icyo rwemeza kubijyanye n’indishyi ndetse n’ingano yazo zerekeranye n’ibyangijwe kubera ko bitigeze biregerwa, ndetse n’igihe Akarere kifuzaga kugaragaza ko kiteguye kumuha indishyi kamubariye kuva mbere kugira ngo asane inzu ye yangijwe n’ibikorwa byako, undi akaba yaranze ko biburanwaho kuko icyo yaregeye ari ukwimurwa gusa ahabwa ingurane ikwiye. Izi ndishyi zari kugira icyo zivugwaho hagasuzumwa niba koko izo Akarere kemera gutanga zingana n’igihombo kateje Bizimana Jean mu gihe uregwa aza kuba yarabiregeye cyangwa se akemera kubiburanaho nk’uko uregwa yabyifuzaga. [26] Kubyerekeranye n’indishyi zijyanye n’amafaranga Bizimana Jean avuga yakoresheje akodesha ahandi atuye, Urukiko rurasanga ntazo akwiye kubera ko nta ruhare Akarere ka 1 Ingingo ya 258 y’Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 ryerekeye imirimo nshinganwa cyangwa amasezerano: igikorwa cyose cy'umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyirugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse.

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Nyamasheke kagize mu kumuvana mu nzu ye, ishingano kari gafite zo kumuha indishyi zo gusana karazikoze ahubwo undi yanga kujya gufata amafaranga ye. Icyo kikaba ri igihombo yiteje ubwe, kimwe n’izindi ndishyi zijyanye n’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo yahaye avoka wamuburaniye. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [27] Rwemeye kwakira no gusuzuma ikirego cy’ubujurire rwashyikirijwe na Bizimana Jean rugisuzumye rusanga nta shingiro gifite. [28] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza RAD 00006/2018/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe kuwa 28/03/2019. [29] Ruvuze ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe na Bizimana Jean ihera mu isanduku ya Leta.