BRALIRWA Plc vs. NZARAMBA

BRALIRWA Plc vs. NZARAMBA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-12-01 - Case/document no.: RSOCA 00076/2023/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

Text

Page 1

BRALIRWA Plc vs. NZARAMBA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU – RSOCA 00076/2023/HC/KIG– (Kankindi, J. P.) 06 Ukwakira 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’Umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo ku mpamvu z’ubukungu – Imenyesha ry’umugenzuzi w’umurimo – Gukora urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa ku mpamvu z’ubukungu, umukoresha akarumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo mbere yo gusezerera abakozi si umuhango gusa, ahubwo ni ukugira ngo arusuzume neza bityo, arebe ko ibisabwa n’amategeko byubahirijwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nzaramba wakoze akazi kanyuranye muri BRALIRWA Plc kuva mu mwaka wa 1998 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2021, yaje guhagarikwa mu kazi kubera impamvu z’ubukungu, maze atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ko yirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, abisabira indishyi zitandukanye. Muri urwo rubanza, BRALIRWA yasabye ko icyo kirego kitahabwa ishingiro ndetse n’indishyi zisabwa atagomba kuzihabwa kubera ko Urega yirukanwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ku mpamvu z’ubukungu ndetse anahabwa ibyo amategeko amuteganyiriza. Iki kirego cyahawe ishingiro kuri bimwe, aho Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko yirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko maze rutegeka ko ahabwa indishyi zijyanye na byo. Icyo cyemezo, BRALIRWA yakijuririye muri uru Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa habayemo amakosa bityo, ikaba isaba ko yakosorwa maze urwo rubanza rugahinduka mu

ngingo zarwo zose. Ikibazo cyabanje gusuzumwa ni icyo kumenya niba BRALIRWA Plc yaragize impamvu y’ubukungu yari gutuma yirukana Nzaramba, dore ko ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye ntaho rwari guhera rwemeza ko nta gihombo cy’ubukungu yagize mu gihe cya COVID-19. Nzaramba aburana asaba ko iyi ngingo y’ubujurire itakwakirwa kuko urukiko rwasanze iyo mpamvu y’ubukungu ntayo yagize ku buryo yari gutakaza umwanya yakoragaho wa “security officer”. Asaba uru Rukiko kudaha agaciro ubwo bujurire dore ko BRALIRWA itigeze ikora urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa ku mpamvu z’ubukungu ngo irushyikirize umugenzuzi w’umurimo ndetse ikaba itaranamuhaye integuza, bikaba bigaragaza ko yirukanwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko akaba agomba kubihererwa indishyi. Muri uru rubanza hasuzumwe kandi ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Nzaramba, aho asaba kubarirwa imperekeza hashingiwe ku mushahara yagombaga guhembwa nkuko yari yarawemerewe mu nyandiko nubwo hashize imyaka 2 kugeza yirukanwe atarawuhabwa. Asaba kandi muri ubwo bujurire, guhabwa amafaranga yagiye akatwa ku mushahara we kuyari yabazwe muri “decompte final” n’andi mafaranga ya resitora n’inyungu ku rwunguko rwa BRALIRWA Plc yari yasabye mu rubanza rujuririrwa ariko ntiyayahabwa. Kuri iyi ngingo, BRALIRWA plc ivuga ko ubwo bujurire butagomba kwakirwa kuko bwatanzwe igihe cyararenze ariko Urukiko Rukuru rubibonye ukundi rutabwakira kuko yakorewe “decompte final” neza na we ubwe akaba yaremeye kuyakira atabanje kugaragaza ko ibazwe nabi nkuko abivuga muri uru rubanza.

Page 2

Incamake y’icyemezo: Gukora urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa ku mpamvu z’ubukungu, umukoresha akarumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo mbere yo gusezerera abakozi si umuhango gusa, ahubwo ni ukugira ngo arusuzume neza bityo, arebe ko ibisabwa n’amategeko byubahirijwe. Ikirego cy’ubujurire nta shingiro gifite. Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 21, 30 n’iya 76. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 6, 12, 150 n’iya 152. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC, Niwemugeni Jeannette rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2020. RSOCAA 0001&0002/16/CS, Ntukamazina Jean Baptiste na Prime Insurance Ltd (PRIME), rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/10/2016. RSOCAA 0003/15/CS rwaciwe ku wa 05/05/2016, Rugenera Marc na SORAS Assurances Générales Ltd (SORAS AG). RSOCAA 0014/12/CS, Musoni wa Ruhimba na BK rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 18/01/2013. RCOMA0007/10/CS3, Umwari Marie Agnès na bagenzi be na Sosiyete SN BRUSSELS AIRLINES rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 06 Gicurasi 2011. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 21/05/1998 BRALIRWA Plc yagiranye amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi na Nzaramba Pierre Celestin, akora akazi kanyuranye

kugeza ubwo kuwa 19/04/2021 yamusezereye ku kazi ivuga ko ari ukubera impamvu y’ubukungu. [2] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Nzaramba Pierre Celestin avuga ko yagiranye na BRALIRWA Plc amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi, akaba yarayikoreye kuva ku wa 21/05/1998 mu gihe kirenze imyaka icumi (10), ko ku wa 19/04/2021 yatunguwe no gushyikirizwa ibaruwa isesa amasezerano ye y'umurimo y'igihe kitazwi ngo kubera

Page 3

impamvu z'ubukungu, akaba yarirukanwe hatubahirijwe ingingo ya 21 y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ko asaba guhabwa indishyi zijyanye no kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, asaba imperekeza zabazwe nabi, prime de restauration, inyungu ku rwunguko rwa BRALIRWA Plc n’amafaranga yagiye akatwa ku mushahara no gusubizwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cy’Avoka. [3] BRALIRWA Plc yireguye ivuga ko Nzaramba Pierre Celestin yayikoreye guhera ku wa 21/05/1998 kugeza ku wa 19/04/2021 asezerewe mu kazi. Isobanura ko ku wa 19/04/2021 amasezerano y’akazi ya Nzaramba Pierre Celestin yaje guseswa bitewe n’impamvu z’ubukungu, ko kandi amategeko yubahirijwe mu kumwirukana, ko yahawe ingurane, bityo ko indishyi zinyuranye asaba nta shingiro zahabwa. [4] Mu rubanza RSOC 00366/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuwa 23/12/2022, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nzaramba Pierre Celestin gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko kandi yirukanywe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. rutegeka BRALIRWA Plc kwishyura Nzaramba Pierre Celestin indishyi zijyanye no kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko zingana na 957.197frw x 9 = 8.614.773Frws, igihembo cy’Avoka kingana n’ibihumbi magana inane (800.000frws) no kumusubiza amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000frws) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama

arega. [5] BRALIRWA Plc ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza iyijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru ubujurire bwayo bwandikwa kuri RSOCA 00076/2023/HC/KIG, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 05/09/2023, BRALIRWA Plc ihagarariwe na Me Munyentwari Charles; naho Nzaramba Pierre Celestin ahagarariwe na Me Turikumwenimana Emmanuel. [6] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, BRALIRWA Plc ivuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire bwayo ari izi zikurikira: - Kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaremeje ko nta mpamvu y’ubukungu yagize yari gutuma yirukana Nzaramba Pierre Celestin ko yamwirukanye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kandi iyo mpamvu yarabayeho; - Kuba Urukiko rwarageneye Nzaramba Pierre Celestin indishyi zitandukanye bidakwiye zikanabarirwa ku mushahara atatahanaga; - Kuba BRALIRWA Plc yaraciwe amafaranga y‘igihembo cy’Avoka bitari ngombwa; Isaba urukiko rwajuririwe gukosora ayo makosa, rugategeka ko urubanza rwose rwajuririwe ruhinduka mu ngingo zarwo zose. [7] Nzaramba Pierre Celestin n’umwungani zi we, bo bakomeje kwemeza ko ibyo BRALIRWA Plc ivuga nta shingiro bifite, basaba ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza RSOC 00366/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuwa 23/12/2022 ariko hagakosorwa ibijyanye n’uko muri urwo rubanza urukiko rwarirengagije ko “decompte final” ye yabazwe nabi, ibijyanye n’amafaranga yagiye akatwa ku mushahara we n’andi mafaranga yasabaga atandukanye rutamuhaye, kuri uru rwego akaba asaba ko abihabwa. Impande zombi kandi zasabye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, igihembo cya Avoka n’indishyi zinyuranye.

Page 4

[8] Urukiko, rushingiye kuri izo mpaka, hakwiye gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira: - Kumenya niba BRALIRWA Plc yaragize impamvu y’ubukungu yari gutuma yirukana Nzaramba Pierre Celestin; - Kumenya niba Nzaramba Pierre Celestin yarahawe indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko bidakwiye kandi niba zaba zarabazwe nabi. - Kumenya niba ubujurire bwuririye kubundi bwatanzwe na Nzaramba Pierre Celestin bwahabwa ishingiro. - Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza asabwa n’impande zombi afite ishingiro. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1. Kumenya niba BRALIRWA Plc yaragize impamvu y’ubukungu yari gutuma yirukana Nzaramba Pierre Celestin [9] Uhagarariye BRALIRWA Plc anenga Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuba mu gika cya 9 mu urubanza rujuririrwa, rwaremeje ko nta mpamvu y’ubukungu yagize ku buryo department Nzaramba Pierre Celestin yakoreragamo yari kuvaho, ariko igasanga uburyo urukiko rwabisobanuyemo atari ukuri kuko mu gihe habayeho ingaruka za Covid-19 kandi izo ngaruka zikaba zarageze kuri buri wese harimo n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi, ntaho urukiko rwari rukwiye guhera rwemeza ko Bralirwa Plc nta kibazo cy’ubukungu yahuye nacyo ngo kuko mu binyamakuru havuzwe ko yungutse kandi urwunguko rw’amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi rutareberwa mu binyamakuru, ikaba isaba urukiko rwajuririwe kwemeza ko yasezereye Nzaramba Pierre Celestin kubera impamvu

y’ubukungu. [10] Nzaramba Pierre Celestin n’umwunganira, yiregura avuga ko iyi ngingo y’ubujurire bwa BRALIRWA Plc nta shingiro yahabwa kubera ko mu gika cya 10 cy’urubanza rwajuririwe urukiko rwasanze nta mpamvu y’ubukungu BRALIRWA Plc yagize yatuma umwanya we wa security officer uvaho, ko nk’uko byagaragaye mu kinyamakuru kitwa Igihe cyo ku wa 11/07/2021 BRWALIRWA Plc yagaragaje ko yungutse amafaranga menshi cyane kandi inyungu yiyongereye kuri 351% ugereranyije n’umwaka wa 2019, rwasanze kandi urega mu gusezererwa nta nteguza yahawe mu nyandiko ahubwo yarayihawe mu mafaranga ibyo binyuranye n’ibyo Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC rwabaye hagati ya Niwemugeni Jeannette ku wa 31/01/2020 aho rwavuze ko integuza igomba gutangwa mu nyandiko aho gutangwa mu mafaranga; [11] Mu myiregurire ye akomeza avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye mu rubanza rwajuririwe igika cya 11 nanone rwasanze kuba BRALIRWA Plc yaramusezereye ishingiye kuri gahunda yayo yo kugabanya abakozi bitewe n’impamvu z’ubukungu kandi itabanje kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo iyi gahunda, ibyo bifatwa nk’aho yasezerewe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko.

Page 5

[12] Akomeza nanone avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwasanze ibimaze kuvugwa haruguru byarashimangiwe n’urubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 18/01/2013 hagati ya Musoni wa Ruhimba na BK, ku rupapuro rwa 7, mu gika cyarwo cya 28, aho rwasobanuye ko mu gihe Umukoresha agiye gusezerera umwe cyangwa benshi mu bakozi be hashingiwe ku mpamvu z’ubukungu cyangwa ikoranabuhanga, afite inshingano zo gukora urutonde rw’abagomba gusezererwa kandi agakurikiza gahunda yatanzwe n’itegeko. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko urwo rutonde rugomba kumenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo kandi ko kurumumenyesha mbere yo gusezerera abakozi atari umuhango gusa, ahubwo ari ukugira ngo asuzume neza niba abakozi bari kuri urwo. [13] Asoza avuga ko mu bujurire bwa BRALIRWA Plc ntacyo yavuguruje kuri izi mpamvu zose zashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge. Asoza asaba Urukiko Rukuru kudaha ishingiro iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nk’uko n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwabyemeje.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba BRALIRWA Plc yaragize impamvu z’ubukungu zatumye isezerera Nzaramba Pierre Celestin, niba kandi yarubahirije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 21 igika cya 3 y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru, by’umwihariko ibijyanye no kumenya niba BRALIRWA Plc yarubahirije ibijyanye no kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo. [15] Ingingo ya 21 igika cya 2 na 3 y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda iteganya ibikurikira: mu gihe habayeho isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo mu gihe gito kubera impamvu z’ubukungu cyangwa iza tekiniki, umukozi ntashobora gushyirwa mu gihe cyo kudakora ku mpamvu z’imirimo mike inshuro imwe (1) cyangwa cyenda (90) mu mwaka umwe (1). Iyo igihe kivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo kirenze, bifatwa nk’aho umukozi yasezerewe agahabwa impererekeza ziteganywa n’iri tegeko. Umukoresha, nyuma yo kubigaragariza abahagarariye abakozi mu kigo, ashobora gusezerera umukozi umwe cyangwa benshi bitewe no guhuza imirimo isa, kuvanaho cyangwa kuvugurura imikorere y’ikigo kubera impamvu z’ubukungu cyangwa guhindura ikoranabuhanga ryakoreshwaga hagamijwe kugira ngo ikigo kirusheho guhigana kandi akabimenyesha mu nyandiko umugenzuzi w’umurimo ubifitiye ububasha. [16] Ingingo ya 150 agace ka 6 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza

z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, ugaragaza ibi bikurikira: ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko. [17] Urukiko rurasanga iki kibazo cyo kumenyasha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abasezerwa kubera impamvu z’ubukungu cyaratanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS, haburana Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Banki ya Kigali Ltd, aho rwasobanuye ko gukora urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa ku mpamvu zivugwa mu ngingo ya 34 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryariho icyo gihe ubu akaba ari ingingo ya 21

Page 6

igika cya 3 imaze kuvugwa haruguru no kurumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo atari umuhango gusa, ahubwo ari ukugira ngo arusuzume neza, bityo arebe ko ibisabwa n’amategeko byubahirijwe1 [18] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo ibaruwa yo ku wa 19/04/2021 isesa amasezerano y’akazi BRALIRWA Plc yagiranye na Nzaramba Pierre Celestin. Muri iyo baruwa BRALIRWA Plc ivuga ko ibabajwe no kumumenyesha ko amasezerano y’akazi yari afitanye nayo aseshwe ku mpamvu z’ubukungu zatumye imyanya imwe ivaho bitewe n’ingaruka zatewe na covid zatumye BRALIRWA Plc yunguka amafaranga make, ko n’umwanya wa security officer yararimo nawo wavuyeho. [19] Urubanza rwajuririwe igika cya 9 Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwasanze nta mpamvu zijyanye n’ubukungu BRALIRWA Plc yagize ku buryo department Nzaramba Pierre Celestin yakoreragamo yari kuvamo kuko iyo biba byo yari kubanza kumusubikira amasezerano y’umurimo mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 90 bitewe n’ikibazo cyo kubura ubushobozi bwo guhemba abakozi kugeza ubwo yasezererwa ku kazi bitewe n’ubushobozi buke hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 21 y’Itegeko ry’umurimo. Naho mu gika cya 10 cy’urwo rubanza, urukiko rwasanze Nzaramba Pierre Celestin yarasezerewe ku kazi nta mpamvu z’ubukungu zari zihari kuko BRALIRWA Plc yari yatangaje mu kinyamakuru kitwa Igihe cyo ku wa 11/07/2021 ko yungutse amafaranga menshi cyane kandi inyungu yiyongereye kuri 351% ugereranyije n’umwaka wa 2019. [20] Muri icyo

gika cya 10 Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwanavuze ko BRALIRWA Plc isezerera Nzaramba Pierre Celestin nta nteguza yamuhaye mu nyandiko ahubwo yayihawe mu mafaranga ko ibyo binyuranye n’ibyo Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC rwabaye hagati ya Niwemugeni Jeannette ku wa 31/01/2020 aho rwavuze ko integuza igomba gutangwa mu nyandiko aho gutangwa mu mafaranga. Naho mu gika cyarwo cya 11, rwasanze na none kuba BRALIRWA Plc yasezereye Nzaramba Pierre Celestin ishingiye kuri gahunda yayo yo kugabanya abakozi bitewe n’impamvu z’ubukungu kandi itabanje kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo iyi gahunda, ibyo bifatwa n’aho urega yasezerewe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [21] Imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa igaragaza nanone mu gika cya 12 ko urukiko rwashingiye ku rubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 18/01/2013 hagati ya Musoni wa Ruhimba na BK, ku rupapuro rwa 7, mu gika cyarwo cya 28, aho rwasobanuye ko mu gihe Umukoresha agiye gusezerera umwe cyangwa benshi mu bakozi be hashingiwe ku mpamvu z’ubukungu cyangwa ikoranabuhanga, afite inshingano zo gukora urutonde rw’abagomba gusezererwa kandi agakurikiza gahunda yatanzwe n’itegeko. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko urwo rutonde rugomba kumenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo kandi ko kurumumenyesha mbere yo gusezerera abakozi atari umuhango gusa, ahubwo ari ukugira ngo asuzume neza

niba abakozi bari kuri urwo. [22] Urukiko Rukuru rurebye ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 21 y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru, rukabihuza n’ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye mu rubanza rwajuririwe rwemeza ko BRALIRWA Plc yirukanye Nzaramba Pierre Celestin nta mpamvu y’ubukungu ihari, rubihuje kandi n’ingingo ya 152 agace ka 6 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo 1 Reba igika cya 28 cy’urubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS, haburana Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Banki ya Kigali Ltd rwaciwe ku wa 18/01/2013.

Page 7

ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe nanone haruguru, rurasanga Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwarasobanuye mu buryo bwimbitse impamvu rwasanze nta mpamvu y’ubukungu BRALIRWA Plc yari ifite yari gutuma yirukana Nzaramba Pierre Celestin kandi mu bujurire bwa BRALIRWA Plc ntacyo yavuguruje kuri izo mpamvu zose, bityo rero, urukiko rusanga rugomba kwemeza ko nta kosa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwakoze rwemeza ko BRALIRWA Plc yirukanye Nzaramba Pierre Celestin nta mpamvu y’ubukungu ifite. [23] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo uhagarariye BRALIRWA Plc avuga ko urwunguko rw’amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi rutareberwa mu binyamakuru; nta shingiro bifite kuko mu bujurire bwayo iterekanye ikimenyetso cy’ahareberwaho urwunguko rwayo ngo kivuguruze ibyatangajwe mu kinyamakuru Igihe kuwa 11/07/2021 aho BRWALIRWA Plc yagaragaje ko yungutse amafaranga menshi cyane kandi inyungu yiyongereye kuri 351% ugereranyije n’umwaka wa 2019, uretse gukomeza guhakana mu magambo gusa ko nta nyungu yabonye. [24] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga BRALIRWA Plc yarasezereye ku kazi Nzaramba Pierre Celestin mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, bityo urubanza RSOC 00366/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 23/12/2022, rugomba kugumaho ku bijyanye n’iyi ngingo. [25] Urukiko rurasanga impamvu y’ubujurire bwa BRALIRWA Plc y’uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwageneye Nzaramba Pierre Celestin indishyi zo

kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranye n’amategeko atazikwiye, n’ingingo yayo irebana no kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwarahaye Nzaramba Pierre Celestin amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza, igihembo cy’Avoka n’amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000frw) yari yatanzeho ingwate arega, bitakiri ngombwa kuzisuzuma kubera ko Urukiko rwasanze BRALIRWA Plc yarasezereye Nzaramba Pierre Celestin ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko rushingiye ku kuba nta mpamvu y’ubukungu BRALIRWA Plc yagize, kuba umugenzuzi w’umurimo ataramenyeshejwe urutonde mu gihe gikwiye mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyo kwirukana umukozi, no kuba nta nteguza yahaye umukozi ahubwo ikamuha amafaranga, kandi umukozi wirukanywe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko agomba kubihererwa indishyi. [26] Urukiko rurasanga nyuma yo kwemeza ko Nzaramba Pierre Celestin yasezerewe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko hagomba gusuzumwa niba indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko yahawe zarabazwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [27] Uhagarariye BRALIRWA Plc, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwahaye Nzaramba Pierre Celestin indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko zibariwe ku mushahara wa 957.197Frw kandi BRALIRWA Plc yaragaragarije urukiko kuri attachment ya 034 ko umushahara Nzaramba Pierre Celestin yatahanaga ari 785,370Frw nawe akaba atarigeze abivuguruza ariko urukiko rwabirenzeho rumuha izo ndishyi zibariwe ku

mushahara yihimbiye, irasaba ko ayo makosa ko yakosorwa izo ndishyi zikabarirwa ku mushahara nyawo wa 785,370Frw yatahanaga. [28] Nzaramba Pierre Celestin n’umwunganira, avuga ko urukiko rwajuririwe rudakwiye guha ishingiro iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire ya BRALIRWA Plc kubera ko ubwayo imubarira imperekeza (reba decompte final) yabariye ku mushahara wa 957.197Frw akibaza ahantu BRALIRWA ikura umushahara wa 785,370F bikakuyobera. Asaba urukiko rwajuririwe kudaha agaciro ikimenyetso

Page 8

cya BRALIRWA Plc ishingiraho yerekana umushahara yatahanaga kuko ari ikimenyetso ububuranyi yishakiye kidashobora gutsindishya urundi ruhande bityo ko amafaranga basaba ko yashingirwaho atahabwa ishingiro.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [29] Ingingo ya 30 igika cya 1 na 3 y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda iteganya ko iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo rinyuranyije n’amategeko rituma hatangwa indishyi. Iyo umukozi afite uburambe ku kazi burenze imyaka icumi (10) ku mukoresha umwe, indishyi ntizishobora kurenga umushahara ahabwa w’amezi icyenda (9). [30] Ingingo ya 12 igika cya 2 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko uvuga ko atagitegetswe gukora icyo yategekwaga gukora cyagaragajwe n’ibimenyetso agomba kugaragaza impamvu zakimukuyeho. Iyo abiburiye ibimenyetso, uwo baburana aramutsinda. [31] Ibijyanye n’amafaranga umukozi wasezerewe ahabwa, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC2 rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2020, haburana Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Rwanda Plc, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko amafaranga umukozi wasezerewe ahabwa ari ahwanye n’umushahara atahana mu ntoki (salaire net) aho kuba umushahara mbumbe. Rwasobanuye kandi ko uwo murongo uhindura umurongo wari wafashwe mu manza zaciwe mbere n’urwo Rukiko, zirimo urubanza RSOCAA 0003/15/CS rwaciwe ku wa 05/05/2016, haburana Rugenera Marc na SORAS Assurances Générales Ltd (SORAS AG) n’urubanza RSOCAA 0001&0002/16/CS rwaciwe ku wa 14/10/2016, haburana Ntukamazina

Jean Baptiste na Prime Insurance Ltd (PRIME); muri izo manza hakaba hari haremejwe ko amafaranga ahabwa umukozi igihe asezerewe ku kazi abarirwa ku mushahara mbumbe (brut), ariko nta bisobanuro bishingiye ku mategeko byatanzwe. [32] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo imbonerahamwe yatanzwe na BRALIRWA Plc igaragaza ko Nzaramba Pierre Celestin mu mezi atandatu akurikirana kuva mu kwezi kwa 10/2020 kugeza mu kwezi kwa 03/2021 yahembwaga umushahara atahana ungana n’ibihumbi Magana arindwi na mirongo inani na bitanu na Magana atatu na mirongo irindwi (785,370F). [33] Imikirize y’urubanza RSOC 00366/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 23/12/2022, igaragaza ko Nzaramba Pierre Celestin yagenewe indishyi z’akababaro zingana n’imishahara icyenda ni ukuvuga 957.197frws x 9 = 8.614.773Frws. [34] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi z’uko Nzaramba Pierre Celestin yasezerewe ku kazi mu buryo budakurikije amategeko zigomba kubarirwa ku mushahara yatahanaga ungana n’ibihumbi Magana arindwi na mirongo inani na bitanu na Magana atatu na mirongo irindwi (785,370F) wagaragarijwe ikimenyetso n’umukoresha we nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza rwa Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Rwanda Plc rwavuzwe haruguru, aho kubarirwa ku mafaranga 957.197F agaragara muri “decompte final” yahawe kuko decompte final atariyo igaragaza umushahara umukozi ahembwa kandi atahana. Bivuze ko Nzaramba Pierre Celestin 2 Urubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2020, haburana Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Rwanda Plc

Page 9

agomba guhabwa indishyi zingana na 785.370frw X 9 = 7.068.330Frw, aho guhabwa 957.197frws x 9 = 8.614.773Frws yari yemejwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rubariye ku mushahara uri muri “decompte final”. [35] Ibijyanye n’ibyo Nzaramba Pierre Celestin avuga ko imbonerahamwe igaragaza umuhashara yatahanaga yatanzwe na BRALIRWA Plc itashingirwaho kuko ari ikimenyetso yitangiye kiyikomokaho; urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kubera ko BRALIRWA Plc ariwe wari umukoresha we kandi we akaba ataragaragarije urukiko ikindi kimenyetso cyerekana umushahara yatahanaga mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu akurikirana kuvuguruza uwagaragajwe na BRALIRWA Plc uretse gushingira gusa kuri decompte final kandi iyi atariyo igaragaza umushahara umukozi ahembwa. [36] Urukiko Rukuru rurasanga kandi kuba imparekeza Nzaramba Pierre Celestin yahawe zarabariwe ku mafaranga 957.197frws, rutabishingiraho ngo rwemeze ko ariwo mushahara yatahanaga cyane ko nawe ubwe atariwo yemera ndetse na BRALIRWA Plc nayo ikaba itawemera.

3. Kumenya niba ubujurire bwuririye kubundi bwatanzwe na Nzaramba Pierre Celestin bwahabwa ishingiro [37] Nzaramba Pierre Celestin n’umwunganira, bavuga ko mu mwaka wa 2019 BRALIRWA Plc yamwongeje 22% ku mushahara kuva muri uwo mwaka kugeze igihe yasezerwe kuwa 19/04/2021 hari hashize 26 yose BRALIRWA Plc itarawumuhemba, kandi iyo iwumuhemba yari kuba ahembwa amafaranga 1.422.240 frw. Bityo akaba asaba ko imperekeza yahawe zabarirwa kuri uwo mushahara agahabwa angana na 27.942822frw aho guhabwa 17.419,214frw yahawe. Arasaba urukiko rwajuririwe gukosora ayo makosa rushingiye ku ibaruwa yo kuwa 4/12/2019 yamwongeje umushahara, agahabwa imperekeza zibariwe ku mushahara yagombaga guhembwa ungana na 1.422.240 frw kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwirengagije iyo baruwa. [38] Akomeza avuga ko indi mpamvu y’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi ari impamvu ijyanye n’amafaranga yagiye akatwa ku mushahara we kuyari yabazwe muri decompte final n’andi mafaranga ya resotara n’inyungu ku rwunguko rwa BRALIRWA Plc yari yasabye mu rubanza rwajuririwe ariko ntiyayahabwa, akaba asaba urukiko rwajuririwe kwemeza ko ayo mafaranga ayahabwa. [39] Uhagarariye BRALIRWA Plc, ivuga ko ubujurire bwuririye kubundi bwatanzwe na Nzaramba Pierre Celestin butagomba kwakirwa kubera ko bwatanzwe igihe cyo kujurira cyararenze kuko urubanza rwaciwe ku itariki 23/12/2022, Nzaramba Pierre Celestin ntiyajurira mu gihe cy’ukwezi

giteganywa n’amategeko, bivuze ko yari yishimiye imikirize y’urubaza, kuba rero ku itariki 14/02/2023 aribwo yibutse kugira ibyo ajuririra, irasaba ko bitakwakirwa. [40] Ikomeza ivuga ko ariko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi, isaba ko ubujurire bwuririye kubundi nta shingiro bwahabwa kuko decompte finale ye yabazwe neza, kandi ubwe yemeye kuyakira ntiyagaragaza ko itabaze neza nk’uko ubu abivuga, ibijyanye n’umushahara yongejwe avuga yakabaye yarahawe mu mwaka 2019 uretse ko atari nabyo ntiyawukurikira ubu kuko habayeho ubuzime bwo kuwukurikirana niba yari anawukwiye, naho ibaruwa yitsitsaho arayivugisha icyo itavuga ntaho yemerewe ubwe kongezwaho amafaranga ndetse nta n’urundi rubanza rwigeze

Page 10

rushingira kuri iyo baruwa ngo rwemeze ko Nzaramba Pierre Celestin yongejwe umushahara ntawuhabwe. Ibyo avuga ko hari amafaranga BRALIRWA Plc yamukase, nabyo sibyo kuko atigeze agaragaza icyo kibazo akakira ayo ahawe kuko yari aziko ariyo akwiye, kandi n’ibyo avuga nta bimenyetso yabitangiye nk’uko n’urukiko rubanza rwabisobanuye.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA a. Ibijyanye no kutakira ubujurire bwuririye kubundi bwatanzwe na Nzaramba Pierre Celestin byasabwena BRALIRWA Plc [41] Ingingo ya 152 igika cya 1 na 2 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko uregwa mu rukiko rujuririrwa ashobora na we kugira ibyo asaba yiregura. Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bukorwa n’uwarezwe mu bujurire bwerekeye ku wajuriye cyangwa ku bandi barezwe mu bujurire. [42] Ibijyanye n’iyakirwa y’ubujurire bwuririye kubundi, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RCOMA0007/10/CS3 rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 06 Gicurasi 2011 haburana Umwari Marie Agnès na bagenzi be na Sosiyete SN BRUSSELS AIRLINES, uvuga ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi butagarukira gusa ku kibazo cyajuririwe, kuko nta kibuza ko bwanarebana n’izindi ngingo z’urubanza, zipfa gusa kuba zaraburanyweho mu rwego rwa mbere. [43] Urukiko rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe n’urukiko rw’Ikirenga umaze kuvugwa, rurasanga ibyo BRALIRWA Plc isaba ko ubujurire bwuririye kubundi bwatanzwe na Nzaramba Pierre Celestin butakwakirwa ngo kubera ko yarengeje igihe cyo kujurira, nta shingiro bifite kubera ko umuburanyi utarajuriye afite uburenganzira bwo kuririra kubujurire bw’uwajuriye akagaragaza ibitaramunyuze mu rubanza rwajuririwe bipfa gusa kuba byari byaraburanyweho. Uretse n’ibyo kandi

ingingo z’ubujurire bwuririye kubundi bwatanzwe na Nzaramba Pierre Celestin zifitanye isano no kwiregura k’ubujurire bw’iremezo. b. Ibyerekeye decompte final yahawe Nzaramba Pierre Celestin [44] Ingingo ya 76 igika cya 1 y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, umushahara umaze imyaka ibiri (2), ibarwa uhereye igihe umukozi yagombaga kuwuhemberwa utarishyuzwa ntuba ukishyujwe. [45] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo ibaruwa yo kuwa 4/12/2019 BRALIRWA Plc yandikiye Nzaramba Pierre Celestin imumenyesha ko ku mushahara we hongejweho 22% ko bigomba guhera mu kwezi kwa 07/2019. [46] Muri dosiye hagaragara ibaruwa isesa amasezerano ya Nzaramba Pierre Celestin yo kuwa 19/04/2021. [47] Imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa igika cyarwo cya 18, urukiko rwasanze kuva yongezwa atarigeze yandikira umukoresha we asaba uwo mushahara yongejwe, ko ibyo bituma atsindwa. 3 Urubanza RCOMA0007/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 06 Gicurasi 2011 haburana Umwari Marie Agnès na bagenzi be na Sosiyete SN BRUSSELS AIRLINES, igika cya 10 na 11.

Page 11

[48] Kuba Nzaramba Pierre Celestin asaba ko decompte final yahawe yabarirwa ku mushahara ungana na 1.422.240 frw ko ariwo mushahara yari agezeho yirikunwa, ibyo akabishingira ku ibaruwa yo kuwa 4/12/2019 BRALIRWA Plc imumenyesha ko imwongeje umushahara, Urukiko Rukuru rurasanga kuva icyo gihe kugeza yirukanywe mu kazi kuwa 19/04/2021 hari hashize igihe kirenga imyaka ibiri (2), kandi nta kimenyetso yagaragaje cyerekana ko yigeze ahembwa uwo mushahara byibura n’ukwezi kumwe, cyangwa se ikimenyetso cy’uko yigeze yandikira BRALIRWA Plc awusaba, byakwanga akabimenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo cyangwa se ko yaba yarabiregeye urukiko mbere y’uko yirukanwa, bityo rero ibyo asaba nta shingiro bigomba guhabwa kubera ko igihe cyo gusaba uwo mushahara cyarangiye, akaba rero nta kosa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwakoze rwemeza ko umushahara asaba kubarirwaho nta shingiro bifite. c. Ibirebana n’amafaranga Nzaramba Pierre Celestin yaba yarakaswe, amafunguro, n’inyungu yaba atarahawe na BRALIRWA Plc [49] Ingingo ya 150 agace ka 6 y’Itegeko ryibukijwe haruguru iteganya ko ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, ugaragaza ibi bikurikira: ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko; n’ingingo yaryo ya 12 iteganya ko urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo

aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda. [50] Imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe mu gika cya 21 igaragaza ko amafaranga 813,036frw Nzaramba Pierre Celestin avuga ko yakaswe ndetse n’amafaranga angana na 1,596,000frw atigeze ahabwa kandi ko yagiye akora amasaha z’ijoro ntahabwe amafaranga y’amafunguro, rwasanze uretse kubivuga gusa mu magambo nta kimenyetso kibigaragaza nk’ibaruwa umukozi yandikiye umukoresha amusaba ayo mafaranga ya restauration atigeze ahabwa cyane ko atagaragaje uburyo yakoze amasaha y’ikirenga akabyumvikanaho n’umukoresha ndetse n’amafaranga 813,036frw avuga ko yakaswe inshuro ebyiri nta shingiro yabyo kuko nta kimenyetso kibigaragaza, ariyo mpamvu atagomba guhabwa ayo mafaranga. [51] Kuba mu bujurire bwa Nzaramba Pierre Celestin nta kimenyetso yagaragaje cyerekana neza uko amasaha y’ijoro yayakoze umubare wayo, amafaranga yagombaga guhabwa kuri buri saha y’inyongera ndetse n’aho yagiye afatira amafunguro n’ikiguzi cyayo; kuba aterekana kandi inyungu asaba uko zingana n’ikimenyetso cyemeza ko yagombaga kuzihabwa; urukiko rurasanga ntabyo agomba guhabwa nk’uko n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye ariko rwari rwabibonye.

4. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza asabwa n’impande zombi afite ishingiro [52] Uhagarariye BRALIRWA Plc avuga ko mu gihe Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kigali rwasanga ubujurire bwayo bufite ishingiro ko yagenerwa igihembo cy’Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza yari yasabye ku rwego rubanza kingana na 600,000Frw hiyongereyeho 100,000Frw by’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka kingana na 500,000Frw kuri uru rwego. [53] Nzaramba Pierre Celestin n’umwunganira, bavuga ko urukiko rwajuririwe ruzaboneko BRALIRWA Plc ariyo Nyirabayazana w’imanza zose kuko ariyo yamwirukanye mu buryo

Page 12

budakurikije amategeko, asaba ko indishyi isaba ntazo yahabwa, ahubwo urukiko rukayitegeka kumuha amafaranga ibihumbi Magana ane (400.000frw) y’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka kuri uru rwego.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [54] Urukiko rurasanga kuba mu bujurire bwa BRALIRWA Plc ingingo z’ubujurire bwayo zose zidahawe ishingiro, niyo mpamvu amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza, igihembo cy’Avoka n’ingwate y’amagarama yari yatanze irega ntabyo igomba guhabwa. [55] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi zo gukomeza gushorwa mu manza ku maherere mu bujuririre, amafaranga y’ikurikirana n’igihembo cy’Avoka Nzaramba Pierre Celestin asaba kuri uru rwego, Urukiko rurasanga adakwiye kubihabwa, kuko nubwo BRALIRWA Plc ariyo yajuriye ariko hari ingingo yatsindiye mu bujurire nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [56] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cyatanzwe na BRALIRWA Plc nta shingiro gifite. [57] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi cyatanzwe na Nzaramba Pierre Celestin nta shingiro gifite. [58] Rwemeje ko urubanza No RSOC 00366/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuwa 23/12/2022 ivuga ko: - Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nzaramba Pierre Celestin gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, - Rwemeje ko Nzaramba Pierre Celestin yasezerewe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, - Rutegetse BRALIRWA Plc kwishyura Nzaramba Pierre Celestin indishyi zijyanye no kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko: 957.197Frwsx9:8.614.773Frws, - Rutegetse BRALIRWA Plc kwishyura igihembo cy’avoka cya Nzaramba Pierre Celestin kingana n’ibihumbi maganinane

(800.000frws), - Rutegetse BRALIRWA Plc gusubiza Nzaramba Pierre Celestin amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000frws) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama arega muri uru rubanza, ikabikora mu gihe cy’iminsi umunani kuva umunsi uru rubanza rumaze kuba itegeko atari ibyo agakurwa mu byayo ku ngufu za Leta, rugumyeho. [59] Rutegetse ko amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000frw) y’ingwate y’amagatamga BRALIRWA Plc yari yatanze ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.