UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BUCYANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BUCYANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-05-13 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00085/2020/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BUCYANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00085/2020/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 13 Gicurasi 2022] Amategeko ateganya ibyaha n’ibihano – Akamaro k’igihano n’itangwa ryacyo - Guhana bigamije kugorora uwakoze icyaha ariko nanone ingano y’igihano ikwiye kuba iri mu kigero gikwiye icy’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe kugira ngo bifashe uwakoze icyaha gutekereza no kuzirikana ingaruka z’icyaha yakoze, ndetse bibe n’ubutumwa bukwiye ku wundi muntu wese waba yari mu mugambi wo gukora icyaha gisa nacyo. Igihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ni n’uburyo bumwe bwo koroshya ububabare bw’umuntu cyangwa umuryango wakorewe icyaha, ibyo bikaba aribwo butabera buboneye aho kuburebera mu igabanywa ry’igihano gusa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranyeho Bucyana Edouard icyaha cy’ubwicanyi yakoreye Minani Védaste ubwo bashyamiranaga kubera umwenda wa 250Frw yari amubereyemo, maze Bucyana asohokana icyuma, asanga Minani Védaste hanze, akimutera mu musaya, mu rubavu, no mu mugongo ahita apfa. Urukiko rwemeje ko Bucyana Edouard ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20 ans) kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha. Bucyana Edouard yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano biruseho kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi akaba yaragikoze atabigambiriye. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwemeje ko igihano Bucyana yahanishijwe gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, rumuhamisha ku gifungo cy’imyaka 20 yakatiwe. Bucyana Edouard ntiyishimiye icyemezo cy’urukiko yajuririye urukiko rw’Ubujurire anenga urubanza ko rwamuhanishije igihano kiremereye kandi yarishyikirije inzego z’umutekano nyuma yo gukora icyaha, ko yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi mu nzego zose, ko aribwo bwa mbere akurikiranywe n’ubutabera, asaba kwongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Mu iburanisha Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko ingingo yo kugabanyirizwa igihano ari nayo Bucyana yaburanishije mu nkiko zibanza kandi ibyo asaba yabihawe kuko yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 20 mu mwanya w’igifungo cya burundu bityo ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Guhana bigamije kugorora uwakoze icyaha ariko nanone ingano y’igihano ikwiye kuba iri mu kigero gikwiye icy’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe kugira ngo bifashe uwakoze icyaha gutekereza no kuzirikana ingaruka z’icyaha yakoze, ndetse bibe n’ubutumwa bukwiye ku wundi muntu wese waba yari mu mugambi wo gukora icyaha gisa nacyo. Igihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ni n’uburyo bumwe bwo koroshya ububabare bw’umuntu cyangwa umuryango w’uwakorewe icyaha, ibyo bikaba aribwo butabera buboneye aho kuburebera mu igabanywa ry’igihano gusa. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange Imanza zashingiwe ho: Ubushinjacyaha v. TWIZEYIMANA Jean Marie Vianney na HAKIZIMANA Emmanuel, RPAA 00192/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 09/11/2018 haburana

## Page 2

Ubushinjacyaha v. NTEZIRYAYO Emmanuel, RPA 0249/13/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranyeho Bucyana Edouard icyaha cy’ubwicanyi yakoreye Minani Védaste ubwo bashyamiranaga kubera umwenda wa 250Frw yari amubereyemo, maze Bucyana asohokana icyuma, asanga Minani Védaste hanze, akimutera mu musaya, mu rubavu, no mu mugongo ahita apfa. [2] Mu rubanza RP 00126/2018/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe kuwa 23/8/2018, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe rwemeje ko Bucyana Edouard ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20 ans) kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha. [3] Mu guhamya icyaha Bucyana Edouard, Urukiko rwashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bashinja Bucyana Edouard barimo Manirakiza Marc, Iyamuremye Laurien na Niyomugabo Védaste bavuga ko Bucyaha ari we wishe Minani Védaste amuteye icyuma, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zikaba zishimangirwa na raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko Minani Védaste yapfuye yishwe kandi bikanashyigikirwa n’imvugo ya Bucyana waburanye yemera icyaha. [4] Bucyana Edouard yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano biruseho kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi akaba yaragikoze atabigambiriye. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 00561/2018/HC/NYZ rwaciwe kuwa 19/09/2019, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwemeje ko igihano Bucyana yahanishijwe gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, rumuhamisha ku gifungo cy’imyaka 20 yakatiwe. [6] Mu mwanzuro we utanga ubujurire, Bucyana Edouard yajuririye urukiko rw’Ubujurire anenga urubanza ko rwamuhanishije igihano kiremereye kandi yarishyikirije inzego z’umutekano nyuma yo gukora icyaha, ko yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi mu nzego zose, ko aribwo bwa mbere akurikiranywe n’ubutabera, asaba kwongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko atazongera gukora icyaha ukundi. [7] Mu mwanzuro w’inyongera Me Ntazika Néhemie yashyize muri “système” kuwa 05/04/2022, hamwe no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko ushinjwa yemera icyaha, yasabye ko hanasuzumwa ubusembure Bucyana yakorewe na Minani wamuteye iwe mu rugo, bityo ushinjwa akaba yahabwa igihano gishingiye kuri ubu busembure. [8] Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Nkusi Faustin, Umushinjacyaha ku Rwego rw’Igihugu, buvuga ko ingingo yo kugabanyirizwa igihano ari nayo Bucyana yaburanishije mu nkiko zibanza kandi ibyo asaba yabihawe kuko yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 20 mu mwanya w’igifungo cya burundu bityo ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [9] Mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 05/05/2022 ababuranyi basabwe kugira icyo bavuga ku ngingo y’ubusembure yatanzwe n’ubwunganizi nyuma y’igihe cy’ubujurire maze Me Ntazika avuga ko, nubwo iyi ngingo yatanzwe impitagihe ariko ko yayigaragaje kugira ngo Urukiko ruyisuzumane n’ingingo yatanzwe n’ushinjwa ubwe.

## Page 3

[10] Ku birebana n’iyi ngingo Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye ko itakwakirwa kuko yatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe byateganyirijwe ubujurire. [11] Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo mu ntebe y’abacamanza, cyo kutakira ingingo irebana n’ubusembure kuko yatanzwe impitagihe ku buryo bunyuranyije n’ingingo ya 176 y’Itegeko N° 30/2013 ryo ku wa 24/05/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, itegeko ryakurikizwaga igihe Bucyana yajuriraga. Rwemeje ko ubujurire bw’inyongera, mu gihe butanzwe impitagihe, bugomba kuba bugamije gusobanura byimbitse ingingo zatanzwe mu bujurire bw’ibanze aho kwongeramo indi ngingo y’ubujurire. [12] Urukiko rurasuzuma ubusabe bwa Bucyana Edouard bwo kwongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi. II. ISESENGURA RY’URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba Bucyana Edouard yakwongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko yemera icyaha. [13] Bucyana Edouard yunganiwe na Me Ntazika Néhemie yajuriye avuga ko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa kandi ko ari we wishyikirije ubutabera bityo ngo akaba yarafashije ubutabera mu iperereza ryakozwe ariyo mpamvu yasabye kugabanyirizwa igihano. Yakomeje avuga ko nta mugambi yagize wo kwica, ko ahubwo yabitewe nuko yishyuje Minani 250Frw, uyu aho kumwishyura ahubwo atangira kumurwanya bituma nawe yitabara akoresheje icyuma cyari hafi, kubw’amahirwe make uwo agiteye arapfa. Yavuze ko, nubwo inkiko zibanza zamugabanyirije igihano, ko ntacyabuza n’uru Rukiko kumugabanyiriza biruseho agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 10 hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 78 y’Itegeko Nsenga n° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha, ryariho icyaha gikorwa. [14] Ubushinjacyaha bwisobanuye buvuga ko Bucyana Edouard uvuga ko atagambiriye kwica Minani, iyi mvugo ye igaragaza ko atemera icyaha kuko ashaka gutubya uburemere bwacyo, ko ubwe yasohokanye icyuma agasanga Minani hanze akakimutera mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri kugeza apfuye. Buvuga ko Bucyana adashobora gusobanura uburyo yitabaraga mu gihe we yari mu nzu naho Minani ari hanze, ko kandi kumutera icyuma inshuro zirenze imwe bigaragaza umugambi wo kwica yari afite. [15] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko ingingo yo kwemera icyaha no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, Bucyana yayiburanishije kuva agifatwa ariyo mpamvu inkiko zibanza zamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka 20 mu mwanya w’igifungo cya burundu, ko ugereranyije n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze iki gihano kidashobora kugabanywa, ko kuba ntacyo anenga urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rukuru, imikirize yarwo igomba kugumaho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Ingingo ya 107 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko uhamwe n’icyaha cyo kwica ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [17] Ingingo ya 49 y’itegeko rivuzwe haruguru iteganya ko, mu byo umucamanza yitaho mu kugena igihano harimo uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zagikomotseho.

## Page 4

[18] Urukiko rurasanga Bucyana wishe Minani amuteye icyuma ku musaya, mu mugongo no mu rubavu yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 20, iki akaba aricyo yajuririye asaba kugabanyirizwa kuko ngo kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha. [19] Urukiko rurasanga, mu kugena igihano, Urukiko Rukuru rwarahaye agaciro impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yo kwemera icyaha ariko runashyira mu gaciro uburemere bw’icyaha Bucyana yakoze yica Minani amuteye icyuma inshuro 3, Urukiko rukaba nta kosa rwakoze kuko igihano kigomba no gushingira ku buremere bw’icyaha. [20] Urukiko rurasanga, imiburanire y’ubwunganizi ivuga ko ntacyabuzaga umucamanza kumanuka agahanisha Bucyana igifungo cy’imyaka 10 nta shingiro ifite kuko uburemere bw’icyaha n’ubugome bukabije Bucyana yakoranye icyaha ari byo byabaye impamvu yo kutamanura igihano ngo kirenge icyo yahanishijwe. [21] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko rwabigarutseho mu manza zitandukanye,1 ubuzima bw’umuntu bufite igitinyiro kigomba kubahwa na buri wese kandi aribwo burenganzira bw’ibanze umuntu agira nk’uko bivugwa mungingo ya 12,2 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015. Ibi kandi bigarukwa ho mu ngingo ya 3 y’Amasezerano mpuzamahanga arebana n’uburenganzira bwa muntu yo kuwa 10 Ukuboza 1948,3 (Universal Declaration of Human rights). [22] Urukiko rurasanga, nubwo guhana bigamije kugorora uwakoze icyaha ariko nanone ingano y’igihano ikwiye kuba iri mu kigero gikwiye icy’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe kugira ngo bifashe uwakoze icyaha gutekereza no kuzirikana ingaruka z’icyaha yakoze, ndetse bibe n’ubutumwa bukwiye ku wundi muntu wese waba yari mu mugambi wo gukora icyaha gisa nacyo. Igihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ni n’uburyo bumwe bwo koroshya ububabare bw’umuntu cyangwa umuryango wakorewe icyaha. Rurasanga ibivuzwe muri iki gika aribwo butabera buboneye aho kuburebera mu igabanywa ry’igihano gusa nk’uko ushinjwa n’ubwunganizi bubiburanisha. [23] Urukiko rurasanga igifungo cy’imyaka 20 Bucyana yahanishijwe kitaremereye ugereranyije n’ubwicanyi yakoreye umusore nawe wari ufite imbere hazaza, akavutsa umuryango wa Minani ubufasha wari umutegerejeho n’umunezero wo kumugira mu muryango. [24] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabyemeje mu rubanza RPA 0249/13/CS rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/2016,4 mu gihe Urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze igihano cyatanzwe gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha, ko bitari ngombwa kongera kukigabanya, kabone n’iyo uwajuriye yaba yemera icyaha; ibyo akaba aribyo bigomba gukurikizwa muri uru rubanza. [25] Rurasanga ingingo y’ubujurire bwa Bucyana Edouard nta shingiro ifite, igifungo cy’imyaka 20 yahanishijwe mu rubanza n˚ RPA 00561/2018/HC/NYZ kigomba kugumaho. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Bucyana Edouard nta shingiro bufite.

1 Reba igika cya 16 cy’urubanza n° RPAA 00192/2018/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 09/11/2018 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na TWIZEYIMANA Jean Marie Vianney na HAKIZIMANA Emmanuel. 2 Umuntu wese afite uburenganzira bwo kubaho. Ntawe ushobora kuvutswa ubuzima mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko. 3 Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. 4 Igika cya 13 cy’urubanza RPA 0249/13/CS rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na NTEZIRYAYO Emmanuel, icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko V2, 2018.

## Page 5

[27] Rwemeje ko igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) Bucyana Edouard yahanishijwe kubera kwica Minani Védaste kigumyeho. [28] Rutegetse ko Bucyana Edouard asonerwa amagarama y’urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe