BUHIRE N’ABANDI v. BRD

# BUHIRE N’ABANDI v. BRD

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2011-05-06 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0024/09/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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BUHIRE N’ABANDI v. BRD [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – 2011SC – RCOMA 0024/09/CS (Mutashya P.J., Hatangimbabazi na Rugabirwa, J.) Kuwa 06/Gicurasi/2011] Amategeko y’ubucurzi – Amasazerano y’inguzanyo n’ay’ubwishingire – Amasezerano y’ubwishigire ntiyatakaza agaciro kayo iyo bamwe mu bishingizi ba coperative bavuga ko birukanwe burundu hamwe n’ingwate zabo - Ntibyafatwa nk’impanvu yo kutishyura umwenda bahawe na banki mu gihe abakoranye ayo masezerano bishingiye ubwishyu y’ ingwate ,kandi ko batagaragaje ko umwenda wishingiwe wishyuwe . Ingingo ya 33 n’iya 132 y’igitabo cya gatatu cy’amategeko y’imbonezamubano , Amasezerano y’ubwishingire yo kuwa 18/01/2007 yabaye hagati yabo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Abanyamuryango ba cooperative COCAF bakoranye amasezerano y’inguzanyo n’ay’ubwishingire hamwe na banki, ya mafaranga angana na 100.000.000 frws agizwe na 65.000.000 de frws y’inguzanyo y’igihe kirekire yo kubaka uruganda rutunganya ikawa no kugura imashini, hamwe n’inguzanyo ya 34.000.000 frws y’igihe gito yo kugura ikawa.Nyuma ntibabashije kwishyura iyo nguzanyo nk’uko byari biteganyijwe muri ayo masezerano, bituma abajuririye bahabwa 62.302.700 frws aho kuba 100.000.000 frws. Uregwa yareze abo yahaye iyo nguzanyo hamwe n’abishingizi bayo mu rukiko rukuru rw’ubucuruzi, narwo rutegeka abajuririye gufatanya n’abanyamuryango bayo kwishyura uwarezwe umwenda remezo, inyungu zawo hamwe n’indishyi z’akababaro. Abajuririye nabo bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, kubijyanye n’abagomba kuba ababuranyi muri uru rubanza.Urukiko rufata icyemezo cy’uko abanyamuryango bose ba coperative bishingiye kwishyura umwenda uretse umwe muri bo batagomba guhamagazwa muri uru rubanza kuko atajuririye.Abajuririye bavuga ko batagombaga kwishyura umwenda hamwe n’inyungu zawo kubera ko abandi banyamuryango babirukanye hamwe n’ingwate zabo. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Abahanga mu mategeko basobanura ko amasezerano y’ubwishingire atakaza agaciro iyo umwendawishingiwe wishyuwe. Iyo ababuranyi batagaragaza imwe mu mpamvu zikuraho inshingano zo kwishyura nko kugaragaza ko uwo mwenda wishyuwe cyangwa wahinduwe, bawuhariwe cyangwa habaye ihwanya ko banki yishyuwe umwenda remezo yagurije cooperative, bagomba gufatanya kwishyura n’abanyamuryango bayo bishingiye ubwishyu . 2. Amasezerano agomba kubahirizwa kuko aba yabaye itegeko hagati yabayakoranye. Kubera ko abishingizi bemereye banki ko bishingiye inshingano zunvikanweho mu masezerano zo kwishyura umwenda wose coperative yagurijwe, nti bavuga rero ko batagomba kwishyurwa kubera ko birukanywe n’abanyamuryango ba coperative n’ingwate zabo mu gihe atari ikibazo kireba uwarezwe n’amasezerano yagiranye n’abajuririye, ko ahubwo cyaba ari ikibazo hagati y’abanyamuryango ubwabo . Ubujurire bwakiriwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

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Imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ntiyahindutse. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye kubajuririye. Amategeko yashingiweho Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 rishyira ho igitabo cya gatatu cy’amategeko y’imbonezamubano kubyerekeye imirimo nshinganwa ,ingingo ya 33 n’iya 132 , Amasezerano y’ubwishingire yabaye hagati ya BRD na COCAF AMIZERO yo kuwa 18/01/2007 . Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 03/01/2007, Banki y’u Rwanda Itsura Amajyambere (BRD) yagiranye na Koperative y’Abahinzi ba kawa (COCAF-AMIZERO) amasezerano yo kuguriza n◦ 002/2007/UJ/MM/mm, aho Banki yiyemeje kuyiguriza miliyoni ijana (100.000.000 Frw) agizwe na 65.600.000 Frw y’inguzanyo y’igihe kirekire yo kubaka uruganda rutunganya ikawa no kugura amamashini n’inguzanyo ya 34.400.000 Frw y’igihe gito yo kugura no gutunganya ikawa, bikaba byari biteganyijwe ko iyo nguzanyo y’igihe gito izatangira kwishyurwa kuva kuwa 31/01/2008 . [2] Kuwa 18/01/2007, BRD yagiranye n’abanyamuryango ba COCAF - AMIZERO amasezerano y’ubwishingire (cautions solidaires et indivisibles), aho NDEMEZO Ephrem, BUHIRE Etienne, MBUNGIRA Frédéric, MVUKIYEHE Juvénal, KIMENYI Evariste, UWAMURERA Alphonsine, YANKURIJE M. Goretti na NIYONSENGA Marie Chantal biyemeje kuzubahiriza amasezerano y’inguzanyo yavuzwe haruguru banatanga ingwate zivugwa mu ngingo yayo ya 6. [3] Nk’uko bivugwa na BRD, COCAF - AMIZERO ntiyishyuye iyo nguzanyo nk’uko byari biteganyijwe muri ayo amasezerano y’inguzanyo bituma iyiguriza 62.302.700 Frw, aho kuba 100.000.000 Frw. Nyuma BRD yareze COCAF - AMIZERO n’abishingizi bayo mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, urubanza rucibwa kuwa 01/04/2009, rutegeka COCAF-AMIZERO gufatanya n’abanyamuryango bayo bishingiye ubwishyu bw’umwenda kwishyura BRD 72.304.325 Frw y’umwenda - remezo, inyungu zawo na « frais » na 2.558.705 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro. [4] BUHIRE Etienne na KIMENYI Evariste bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 27/07/2010 ku bijyanye n’abagomba kuba ababuranyi muri uru rubanza, BUHIRE Etiennne na KIMENYI bahagarariwe Me MUHOZA Janvier, BRD ihagarariwe na Me UMUBYEYI Béatrice, naho Me BARINABO Idrissa ahagarariye COCAF– AMIZERO n’abanyamuryango bayo bishingiye umwenda, uretse KIMENYI. Kuwa 27/08/2010, Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo cy’uko COCAF n’abanyamuryango bayo bishingiye kwishyura umwenda, uretse KIMENYI Evariste, batagomba guhamagazwa muri uru rubanza kuko batajuriye. [5] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu mizi mu ruhame kuwa 29/03/2011, BUHIRE Etiennne na KIMENYI Evariste bahagarariwe Me MUHOZA Janvier, naho BRD ihagarariwe na Me

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UMUBYEYI Béatrice. Uburanira BUHIRE na KIMENYI avuga ko batagomba kwishyura umwenda n’inyungu zawo kubera ko abandi banyamuryango babirukanye hamwe n’ingwate zabo muri COCAF, naho uburanira BRD akavuga ko bagomba gufatanya n’abandi bishingizi mu kwishyura umwenda-remezo n’amafaranga awukomokaho. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO Ese kuba BUHIRE Etiennne na KIMENYI Evariste barirukanwe muri COCAF– AMIZERO byabakuraho inshingano bari bafashe yo kwishingira ubwishyu bw’umwenda wa BRD ? [6] Uburanira BUHIRE na KIMENYI avuga ko batagomba kwishyurira COCAF umwenda yagurijwe na BRD kuko abanyamuryango bayo babirukanye burundu n’ingwate zabo ntibashobora gukurikirana imikoreshereze y’iyo nguzanyo, bakaba basanga igomba kwishyurwa na COCAF ifatanyije n’abanyamuryango bayo bayisigayemo barenga magana abiri. [7] Uburanira BRD avuga ko BUHIRE na KIMENYI bishingiye ubwishyu bw’umwenda wa COCAF–AMIZERO batanga ingwate y’ishyamba, urwuri n’inzu y’ubucuruzi, bityo ko bagomba kwishyura uwo mwenda n’amafaranga awukomokaho bafatanyije na COCAF ndetse n’abandi banyamuryango bayo bawishingiye kuko bagiranye amasezerano y’ubwishingizi n’ay’ingwate na BRD, aho kuyagirana na COCAF, kandi ko ayo masezerano adashobora gukurwaho n’urupfu rw’abishingizi cyangwa ibaruwa baba barandikiye Minisitiri w’ubucuruzi. [8] Mu masezerano yo kuguriza n◦ 002/2007/UJ/MM/mm yo kuwa 03/01/2007, Banki y’u Rwanda Itsura Amajyambere (BRD) yemeye kuguriza COCAF – AMIZERO miliyoni ijana (100.000.000 Frw) yo kubaka uruganda rutunganya ikawa, kugura amamashini, kugura ikawa no kuyitunganya. Mu ngingo ya 6 y’ayo masezerano, abanyamuryango ba COCAF – AMIZERO barimo BUHIRE Etienne na KIMENYI Evariste bayihaye ingwate zigizwe n’urwuri, ishyamba ry’inturusu n’inzu y’ubucuruzi, maze BRD iguriza COCAF – AMIZERO 62.302.700 Frw. [9] Ingingo ya 2 y’amasezerano y’ubwishingire yo kuwa 18/01/2007 iteganya ko: 1. Abishingizi bemereye Banki ko bishingiye bakomeje kandi ku buryo budasubirwaho ko inshingano zo kwishyura zumvikanweho mu masezerano yo kuguriza zizashyirwa neza mu bikorwa, ibyo bakabikora biyemeza kureka kuba bakwireguza inzitizi iyo ari yo yose ishobora gukomoka ku gusobanura ayo masezerano. 2. Abishingizi biyemeje gufatanya na Koperative kwishyura Banki, biyemeje kandi guhita bishyura bitabaye ngombwa ko ubwishyu bubanza gushakwa mu bintu bya Koperative. 3. Abishingizi biyemeje kwishyura umwenda wose Koperative yagurijwe, yasezeranyije kwishyura Banki, ariko ntibikore. [10] Amasezerano y’inguzanyo n’ay’ubwishingire yavuzwe haruguru agaragaza ko BUHIRE Etienne na KIMENYI Evariste kimwe n’abandi bishingizi ba COCAF–AMIZERO biyemeje kuzayishyurira umwenda wose ibereyemo BRD mu gihe itabikoze, bityo Urukiko rurasanga

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BUHIRE na KIMENYI bagomba kubahiriza ayo masezerano kuko yabaye itegeko hagati yabo na BRD hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 33 y’igitabo cya gatatu cy’amategeko y’imbonzamubano, keretse mu gihe bagaragaje ko yasheshwe bitewe n’imwe mu mpamvu ziteganywa n’ingingo ya 132 y’icyo gitabo1, nko kugaragaza ko uwo mwenda wishyuwe cyangwa wahinduwe, bawuhariwe, habaye ihwanya ry’imyenda cyangwa ivangamutungo… 1Iyo ngingo iteganya ko “Inshingano zizimywa n’ubwishyu, ihindurwa ry’umwenda, guhara umwenda ku bushake, ihwanya ry’imyenda, ukwivanga k’umutungo, izimira ry’ikintu, uguta cyangwa uguteshwa agaciro, inkurikizi y’inkomyi nsesamasezerano”. [11] Nanone ku byerekeye impamvu zikuraho inshingano, Abahanga mu amategeko basobanura ko amasezerano y’ubwishingire atakaza agaciro iyo umwenda wishingiwe wishyuwe. (Le cautionnement est éteint à titre accessoire lorsque la dette cautionnée est payée) 2. [12] Urukiko rurasanga haba mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ndetse no mu iburanisha ry’urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, BUHIRE Etienne na KIMENYI Evariste bataragaragaje ko BRD yishyuwe umwenda - remezo n’amafaranga awukomokaho yagurije COCAF – AMIZERO, bityo bagomba gafatanya na COCAF – AMIZERO n’abanyamuryango bayo bishingiye ubwishyu bwawo kwishyura amafaranga batsindiwe mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. [13] Urukiko rurasanga impamvu ya BUHIRE Etienne na KIMENYI Evariste y’uko COCAF – AMIZERO yabirukanye n’ingwate zabo ntibashobora gukurikirana imikoreshereze y’inguzanyo nta shingiro ifite kuko atari ikibazo kireba BRD n’amasezerano yagiranye na BUHIRE na KIMENYI, ko ahubwo cyaba ari ikibazo hagati y’abanyamuryango ubwabo ba COCAF – AMIZERO. Iyo mpamvu kandi ntihuje n’iziteganywa n’amategeko zatuma amasezerano y’inguzanyo n’ay’ubwishingire bagiranye na BRD aseswa nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [14] RWEMEYE kwakira ubujurire bwa BUHIRE Etienne na KIMENYI Evariste kuko bwatanzwe mu buryo n’inzira bikurikije amategeko ; [15] RWEMEJE ko nta shingiro bufite ; [16] RUVUZE ko imikirize y’urubanza RCOM 0408/08/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuwa 01/04/2009 idahindutse; [17] RUTEGETSE BUHIRE Etienne na KIMENYI Evariste gufatanya gutanga amagarama y’urubanza angana na 39.100 Frw, batayatanga mu gihe cy’iminsi umunani, ayo mafaranga agakurwa mu byabo ku ngufu za Leta. 2 NTEZIRYAYO Faustin, LE CAUTIONNEMENT, Etude comparative des Droits belges, français et rwandais, Imprimerie Pallotti – Presse, 1994, p 94.