BUTWARI v. BCR

# BUTWARI v. BCR

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2011-07-29 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0052/10/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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BUTWARI v. BCR [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – 2011SC – RCOMA 0052/10/CS (Mukanyundo, P.J., Havugiyaremye na Kayitesi, J.) Kuwa 29 Nyakanga 2011] Amategeko y’ubucuruzi – Kuburanisha umwe mubaburanyi atitabye – Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku myanzuro y’uregwa yari yaratanze n’ubwo aba atitabye kuko aba yarayihaye n’uwo baburana akagira icyo ayivugaho mugihe cy’iburanisha –, Itegeko Nº18/2004 ryo kuwa 20/06/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 52. Amategeko y’ubucuruzi –– Kwemera ingano y’umwenda no kutanenga uburyo wabazwe – Ntashingiro ibisobanuro by’ugomba kwishyura umwenda bihabwa mu gihe mouvement zakozwe kuri compte ye zigaragaza amafaranga yabikuje n’ayo yabikije. Amategeko y’ubucuruzi- Gukomeza kubara inyungu nyuma yo gukora denonciation ya credit – Mu masezerano y’inguzanyo ya Banki, impande zombi zishobora kumvikana ko mu gihe uwahawe umwenda atayubahirije banki izakora « dénonciation des engagements », compte ye igafungwa, umwenda usigaye ugakomeza kubyara inyungu kugeza wose wishyuwe, Reglementgeneral des ouvertures des credits de la Banque, Ingingo ya 18. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwajuririye yarezwe mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuba yarahawe n’uwarezwe inguzanyo ingana na miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshanu y’amanyarwanda (25.000.000 frws) yahawe ku itariki ya 14/12/2005 yagombaga kurangiza ku itariki ya 31/12/2006, nyuma ntiyabashije kubahiriza amasezerano bikamunanira kuyishyura. Iburanisha ryarabaye uwarezwe atitabye kandi yari yabimenyeshejwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko.Yaratsinzwe, ategekwa kwishyura uwareze amafaranga y’amanyarwanda miliyoni 43.503.867 Frws. Uwajuriye yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko umucamanza wa mbere atigeze asobanura impamvu ashingiyeho icyemezo cye haba ku bimenyetso no ku mategeko, ko aterekanye amafaranga yaciwe yabazwemo kandi ko yemeye kumuburanisha adahari ashingira ku nyandiko y’imyanzuro yatanze, kandi atarigeze abisaba. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Amagambo umuburanyi avugiye mu rukiko agira ibyo yemera aramutsindisha. Urukiko narwo rwashingiye kuri uko kwiyemerera kwe kuri mu myanzuro yatanze mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. Iyo mu iburanisha rya mbere, uregwa atitabye nta mpamvu, urega ashobora gusaba ko urubanza rwimurirwa ku yindi tariki cyangwa se gusaba ko ruburanishwa uregwa adahari maze ikirego cye kigasuzumwa. Byumvikana ko ntacyabuza urukiko kuburanisha icyo gihe no ku myanzuro y’uregwa kabone n’ubwo aba atitabye kuko, uretse n’urukiko, aba yarayihaye n’uwo baburana ugira n’icyo ayivugaho muri iryo buranisha, kandi ko ntaho itegeko ribuza ko bigenda gutyo cyangwa ko agomba kubisaba urukiko. 2. Uwajuririye ntiyubahirije amasezerano kuko yageze aho akarenza plafond yari yahawe aribwo yibukijwe ko agomba kwishyura amafaranga yarengejeho. Kuba uwajuririye avuga ko umwenda yategetswe kwishyura utagaragaza uburyo n’igihe watangiwe, hamwe n’ingano yawo ntibya shingirwa ho mu gihe hari inyandiko y’amasezerano hamwe na mouvements zakozwe kuri compte zigaragaza ko uwajuririye yabikuje (retraits) ziruta ayo yashizeho (versements) , kuko igiteranyo rusange cya debit cyari kigeze kuri 39.548.972 millions frws , kw’itariki ya

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21/04/2009. Yivugiye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ko yemera ingano y’umwenda afitiye kandi ko atanenga uburyo wabazwe. 3. Nta bisobanuro bifite ishingiro uwajuririye yatanga mu bujurire bwe byatuma ibyo yivugiye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ko yemera ingano y’umwenda afitiye Banki kandi ko ntacyo anenga uburyo wabazwe biteshwa agaciro mu gihe bigaragara mu nyandiko y’amasezerano ko inguzanyo yatanzwe ari iyo mu bwoko bwa credit de caisse, ko umubare wayo ari 25.000.000 frws, kandi ko mouvements zakozwe kuri iyo compte zigaragaza ko amafaranga uwajuririye yabikuje aruta ayo yashize ho, kuko ubwo banki yayihagarikaga, igiteranyo rusange cya debits cyari kigeze kuri 39.548.972 Frws. Nk’uko biteganywa na reglements general des ouvertures des credits de la banque, yari yunvikanye na banki mu masezerano y’inguzanyo ko naramuka atayubahirije banki izakora denonciation des engagements, umwenda usigaye ugakomeza kubyara inyungu kugeza wose wishyuwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama y’urubanza aherera kuwajuririye. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 18/2004 ryo kuwa 20/06/2004,ingingo ya 52 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, n’iz’ubutegetsi. Réglements générals des ouvertures des crédits de la Banque, ingingo ya 18. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA 1. Uru rubanza rukomoka ku nguzanyo Banki y’ubucuruzi y’u Rwanda ( BCR SA)yahaye Butwari Ernest tariki 14/12/2005 ingana n’amafaranga 25.000.000 yagombaga kurangiza kwishyura tariki 31/12/2006. Butwari ntiyabashije kubahiriza amasezerano yari yagiranye na Banki maze iregera Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, urubanza ruburanishwa Butwari atitabye kandi yari yabimenyeshejwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Urukiko rwemeje ko Butwari Ernest atsinzwe, rumutegeka kwishyura BCR amafaranga angana na 43.503.869 abariwemo n’ayikurikiranarubanza . 2. Butwari Ernest ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza arujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko umucamanza wa mbere atigeze asobanura impamvu ashingiyeho icyemezo cye haba ku bimenyetso no ku mategeko, ko yeretswe ko amasezerano y’iguriza yarangiye kuwa 31/12/2006 , nyamara mu gufata icyemezo arabyirengagiza maze abara umwenda kugeza tariki 21/04/2009 nabwo kandi aterekana uburyo ayo rwamuciye yabazwemo. Ikindi ngo ni uko urukiko rwemeje kuburanisha Butwari adahari nyamara rushingira ku nyandiko y’imyanzuro yatanze kandi atarigeze abisaba.

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3. Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabaye kuwa kuwa 23/06/2011, hitabye BCR gusa ihagarariwe na Me Gakwaya Etienne, naho Butwari Ernest atitabye ariko bigaragara ko yahamagawe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kandi no mu muhango utegura iburanisha yaremeye kuziburanira. Me NDWANIYE Pierre yatse ijambo abwira urukiko ko ataje kuburanira Butwari, ahubwo ko azanye repos médical ye yazanywe na taxi amusaba kuyimutangira. Me Gakwaya yabajijwe icyakorwa, asubiza ko yumva nta cyabuza Urukiko kuburanisha urubanza cyane ko rufite imyanzuro y’impande zombi. Urukiko rwemeje kuburanisha urubanza Butwari adahari kuko rwasanze kutitaba urukiko yarabigize akamenyero kandi ko iyo myifatire nta kindi igamije kitari ugutinza urubanza no guhima uwo baburana. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA a. Kumenya niba igihe Urukiko ruburanisha umwe mu baburanyi atitabye rushobora gushingira ku myanzuro yari yaratanze 4. Mu myanzuro ye Butwari avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwanyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 351 undecies mu gace kayo ka 7º, y’Itegeko nº 45/2007 ryo kuwa 11/09/2007 rihindura kandi ryuzuza itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo kuwa 20/6/20041 kuko kuba rwari rumaze gufata icyemezo cyo kuburanisha urubanza adahari, rutari guhindukira ngo ruburanishe rushingira ku myanzuro ye kandi atari yarubisabye. 1 Ingingo ya 351 un decies mu gace ka 7º igira iti” mu iburanisha mu mizi yarwo, umucamanza ashobora ………..bisabwe n’ababuranyi, kwemeza niba urubanza rushobora gucibwa hakurikijwe inyandiko cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso nta buranisha mu magambo ribaye”.

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5. Uburanira BCR SA avuga ko ibyo Butwari avuga ari ukwigiza nkana kuko mu myanzuro ye yavugaga ko yemera umwenda, Urukiko narwo rwemeza umwenda abereyemo BCR SA rushingiye kuri uko kwiyemerera kwe kuri mu myanzuro yatanze mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 110 y’Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko « amagambo umuburanyi avugiye mu Rukiko agira ibyo yemera amutsindisha ». 6. Ibivugwa na Butwari ko urukiko rutashoboraga gusuzuma imyanzuro yari yatanze mu gihe atari yitabye kandi atanabisabye ni ugusesengura nabi ingingo ya 351 undecies, agace ka 7º, kuko ibyo iyi ngingo y’itegeko ivuga ari ibyerekeranye n’igihe ababuranyi bitabye urukiko bakarusaba guca urubanza rushingiye ku myanzuro yabo bitabaye ngombwa ko haba impaka mu magambo, ibi rero akaba ntaho bihuriye n’ikibazo kiri muri uru rubanza . 7. Urukiko rusanga ahubwo, kuba ingingo ya 52 y’Itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo kuwa 20/6/2004 iteganya ko iyo mu iburanisha rya mbere, uregwa atitabye nta mpamvu, urega ashobora gusaba ko urubanza rwimurirwa ku yindi tariki cyangwa se gusaba ko ruburanishwa uregwa adahari maze ikirego cye kigasuzumwa, byumvikana ko ntacyabuza urukiko kuburanisha icyo gihe no ku myanzuro y’uregwa kabone n’ubwo aba atitabye kuko, uretse n’urukiko, aba yarayihaye n’uwo baburana ugira n’icyo ayivugaho muri iryo buranisha, kandi ko ntaho itegeko ribuza ko bigenda gutyo cyangwa ko agomba kubisaba urukiko. b. Kumenya niba hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ingano y’inguzanyo BCR SA yahaye Butwari, igihe yayimuhereye n’uburyo bwakoreshejwe 8. Mu myanzuro itanga ubujurire, Butwari anenga imikirize y’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko n’ubwo mu masezerano y’inguzanyo bigaragara ko umwenda wumvikanyweho ari 25.000.000 Frw, uwaregaga atigeze agaragariza urukiko ko yatanze uwo mubare koko, igihe yayitangiye n’ uburyo yakoresheje mu kuwutanga ndetse naho ahera yishyuza 39.548.972 Frw. Avuga ko umucamanza wa mbere yemeje ko agomba kwishyura BCR SA ariya mafaranga isaba ntakugaragaza ibimenyetso bishingiye ku mategeko yashyikirijwe , ko rero icyemezo cye kinyuranye n’ingingo ya 9 n’iya 147y’Itegeko n°18/2004 ryo kuwa 20/6/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu kimwe n’ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. 9. Me Gakwaya uburanira BCR SA avuga ko Butwari yirengagiza ko mu masezerano yagiranye na BCR SA , ubwoko bw’inguzanyo yahawe ari « crédit de caisse » yo kumufasha gukora imirimo ye y’ubucuruzi, ko ayo mafaranga atayahererewe rimwe, ahubwo ko yagendaga ayafata buhoro buhoro kuri compte ye akurikije imirimo ashaka gukora, icyo yasabwaga gusa akaba ari ukutarenza ayo yemerewe na banki. Asobanura ko Butwari atubahirije amasezerano kuko yageze aho akarenza plafond yari yahawe, aribwo BCR yamwibukije ko agomba kwishyura ayo yarengejeho. Avuga na none ko uburyo Butwari yagiye abona amafaranga bigaragazwa na « mouvements » za compte ye nº 022-0051 772-01-78 kuva kuwa 15/12/2005 kugeza kuwa 21/04/2009 aho bigaragara ko kuri iyo tariki ya nyuma iyo compte yari ifite débits zingana na 39.548.972 Frw ari nawo mwenda BCR SA yaregeye. 10. N’ubwo Butwari yajuriye avuga ko umwenda urukiko rwamutegetse kwishyura rutigeze rugaragaza uburyo watanzwe, igihe watangiwe n’ingano yawo, Urukiko rurasanga mu nyandiko

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y’amasezerano ifite référence nº 0410/CRE/ME/1547-2005 yo kuwa 14/12/2005, BCR SA yandikiye Butwari kandi impande zombi zashyizeho umukono, bigaragara ko inguzanyo yamuhaye ari iyo mu bwoko bwa “ crédit de caisse”, ko umubare wayo ari 25.000.000 Fr, ko iyo facilité ayihawe kuva uwo munsi kandi ko yagombaga kurangira tariki 31/12/2006. Ku byerekeye uburyo inguzanyo yatanzwemo, inyandiko y’amasezerano imaze kuvugwa igaragaza ko iyo nguzanyo yagombaga gucungirwa muri compte nº 022-0051772-01-78 Butwari yafunguye mu bitabo bya BCR, kandi ko bemeranijwe ko iyo compte izahora ari “créditeur”, bityo akazajya afataho amafaranga ashaka akurikije ibyo akeneye mu bucuruzi bwe. Naho ku bijyanye n’umubare w’umwenda, nk’uko byavuzwe ko wagombaga gucungirwa kuri compte ye, “mouvements” zakozwe kuri iyo compte zigaragaza ko amafaranga Butwari yabikuje (retraits) aruta ayo yashyizeho (versements), kuko tariki 21/04/2009,ubwo banki yayihagarikaga, igiteranyo rusange cya débits cyari kigeze kuri 39.548.972 Frw . 11. Urukiko rurasanga hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa nta bisobanuro bifite ishingiro Butwari atanga mu bujurire bwe byatuma ibyo yivugiye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ko yemera ingano y’umwenda afitiye BCR SA kandi ko ntacyo anenga uburyo wabazwe biteshwa agaciro. c. Kuba BCR yarakomeje kubara inyungu nyuma yo gukora « dénonciation du crédit » 12. Mu myanzuro yakoze mu izina rya Butwari, Me RWIGEMA avuga ko mu gufata icyemezo, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwirengagije guha agaciro amasezerano y’iguriza rweretswe ko yagombaga kurangira tariki 31/12/2006 nyamara rubirengaho rwemeza imibare yakozwe nyuma y’iseswa ryayo , ni ukuvuga kugeza tariki 21/04/2009 kandi nabwo ntirwasobanura uburyo yabazwemo. 13. Uburanira BCR avuga ko nta kosa Urukiko rwakoze rwemera imibare yakozwe nyuma ya tariki 31/12/2006 kubera ko ibyo biteganywa n’ingingo ya 18 ya « Règlement général des ouvertures de crédits » Butwari yari yariyemereye.

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14. Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Butwari avuga ko kuba BCR SA yarakoze « dénonciation des engagements » nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa yamwandikiye kuwa 10/03/2009 bitavuze ko yasheshe amasezerano, bityo igahagarika no gukomeza kubara inyungu , ahubwo ko bigaragara ko kwari ukumwibutsa ko atayubahirije, kumumenyesha ingano y’umwenda yari ayifitiye no kumubwira ko niba atishyuye ikibazo kizashyikirizwa inkiko kandi n’inyungu zigakomeza kubarwa kugeza umwenda wose wishyuwe, bikaba bigaragarara rero ko BCR SA itigeze isesa amasezerano kandi ko ibarwa ry’inyungu ritigeze rihagarara. Byongeye kandi, uretse ko Butwari asa n’ubyirengagiza, yari yarumvikanye na banki mu masezerano y’inguzanyo ko naramuka atayubahirije banki izakora « dénonciation des engagements », compte ye igafungwa, umwenda usigaye ugakomeza kubyara inyungu kugeza wose wishyuwe, nk’uko biteganywa na Règlement général des Ouvertures de crédits de la Banque2 2 L’article 18 du Règlement général des Ouvertures de crédits de la BCR prévoit qu’…… « A partir de la clôture du compte et jusqu’à parfait remboursement, le solde débiteur éventuel produira de plein droit et sans mise en demeure des intérêts au taux conventionnel » : de même, sur le montant de ce solde, les commissions continueront à être dues, calculées et capitaliséetrimestriellement.Tous les frais et honoraires généralement quelconques exposés par la Banque du chef de l’exécution du crédit ou du recouvrement de sa créance sont à charge du crédité ………….

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO 15. Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Butwari Ernest nta shingiro bufite. 16. Rutegetse Butwari Ernest kwishyura BCR SA umwenda ayibereyemo ungana na 39.548.972 y’umwenda, hiyongeyeho 3 954 897 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza , yose hamwe akaba 43.503.869 Frw. 17. Rumutegetse kandi kwishyura amagarama y’urubanza angana na 21.500 Frw, atayatanga mu gihe cy’iminsi umunani, ayo mafaranga akavanwa mu bye ku ngufu za Leta. 18. Ruvuze ko urubanza R.COM 0205/09/HCC rwaciwe kuwa 17/10/2010 n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rudahindutse.