UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BYAMUNGU

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BYAMUNGU

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-10-30 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00378/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BYAMUNGU [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00378/2025/CA (Rukundakuvuga, P.J.) 30 Ukwakira 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nk’umugore n’umugabo – Igihano – Uwahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nawe nk’umugore n’umugabo ntashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), kuko aricyo gihano gito gishoboka kuri icyo cyaha. Incamake y’ikibazo: Byamungu yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore, nyuma y’iperereza bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Byamungu ahamwa n’icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20, rushingiye kukuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha. Byamungu yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana asaba Urukiko gushingira ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yagiye arugaragariza, amaze rukamugabanyiriza igihano. Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Byamungu ahanishijwe iguihano cy’igufungo cy’imyaka 15. Byamungu ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo gihano ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, akavuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha ntarushye ubutabera. Agasaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano, rukamuhanisha ikiri munsi y’igito giteganywa n’itegeko , ndetse akavuga ko byakozwe mu manza zitandukanye mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko nyuma yo gusanga hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba uregwa yaraburanye yemera icyaha, nta n’ikindi cyaha yigeze akora. Atanga urugero rw’urubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, Urubanza RPAA 00131/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2022 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Uwayezu Damien, urubanza RPAA 00002/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/05/2023 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Dufitumukiza Léonard. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite kuko igihano Byamungu yagenewe ari cyo gito giteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka a) y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Bukongera ko ikibazo cyo kugabanya igihano kugera munsi y’igito giteganywa n’itegeko hashingiwe ku manza zaciwe mbere y'Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, kitagomba kongera kugibwaho impaka mu manza. Incamake y’icyemezo: Uwahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nawe nk’umugore n’umugabo ntashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu

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nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), kuko aricyo gihano gito gishoboka kuri icyo cyaha. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 01167/2024/CA; Uwizeyimana Emmanuel vs Ubushinjacyaha rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/10/2025; RPAA 00048/2020/CA; , haburana Ubushinjacyaha vs BIMENYIMANA Jean Paul rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu 2022, Byamungu Elie w’imyaka 20, ari mu Ntara y’I Burasirazuba, Akarere ka Kayonza, Umurenge wa Kabare, Akagari ka Rubimba, Umudugudu wa Nyarusange, mu bihe bitandukanye yasambanyije M L1 w'imyaka 17 y'amavuko, aza kumutera inda maze tariki ya 20/03/2022 batangira kubana, nk’umugore n’umugabo. Bigeze ku italiki ya 21/03/2022 inzego zishinzwe umutekano zahawe amakuru ko Byamungu Elie abana n'uwo mwana nk'umugabo n'umugore, bajya kumufata bamushyikiriza Ubugenzacyaha. Nyuma y’iperereza Byamungu Elie yaregewe Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma akurikiranweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nawe nk’umugore n’umugabo. Byamungu Elie yaburanye yemera icyaha agisabira imbabazi. [2] Mu rubanza RP 00465/2022/TGI/NGOMA, rwaciwe ku wa 28/04/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku byo we ubwe yemeye ndetse n’ubuhamya bwa basaza ba M.L, indangamuntu ya M.L igaragaza ko yavutse ku italiki ya 01/01/2005, na raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko M.L yasambanyijwe. Urukiko rwahanishije Byamungu Elie, igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). [3] Byamungu Elie ntiyanyuzwe n’igihano yahawe, ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, asaba urukiko gushingira ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zitandukanye yarugaragarije maze rukamugabanyiriza igihano. [4] Mu rubanza RPA 01404/2022/HC/RWG, rwaciwe ku wa 20/03/2025, Urukiko Rukuru/urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwemeye kumugabanyiriza igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [5] Byamungu Elie nabwo ntiyanyuzwe n’igihano yahawe, maze ajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwe ruhabwa RPAA 00378/2025/CA, iburanisha mu ruhame rishyirwa ku

1 Iri ni izina yahawe mu rubanza mu rwego rwo kumurindira umutekano

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wa 09/Ukwakira/2025. Uwo munsi ugeze, Byamungu Elie yitabye yunganiwe na Me Uwimabera Beatha, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ninahazwa Roselyne, Umushinjacyaha ku Rwego rw’Igihugu. [6] Mu bujurire bwe, Byamungu Elie avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha ntarushye ubutabera. Agasaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano, rukamuhanisha ikiri munsi y’igito giteganywa n’itegeko. [7] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Byamungu Elie nta shingiro bufite kuko igihano yagenewe ari cyo gito giteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka a) y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [8] Muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Byamungu Elie ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Byamungu Elie ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [9] Byamungu Elie avuga ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/urugereko rwa Rwamagana ari kinini kandi kiremereye mu gihe yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi akanagisabira imbabazi. Asobanura ko yabanye na M.L amukunze, kandi agamije kubaka urugo ndetse ko M.L yamubwiraga ko afite imyaka 19, nawe agashukwa n’igihagararo cye ntagire ubushishozi buhagije. Yongeraho ko M.L atariwe wamureze, ahubwo yarezwe na basaza be batashakaga ko babana kandi nyamara M.L yaramuzanye ngo babane biturutse ku kuba amaze ku mutera inda, abo basaza be baratangiye kumutoteza bigatuma amuzana ngo babane. Agasaba Urukiko guca inkoni izamba rukamugabanyiriza igihano kugirango ajye kwita ku mwana babyaranye, kuko nyina we nta kazi agira, akaba akeneye se kugirango abashe gukura neza. [10] Byamungu Elie asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugera munsi y’igito giteganywa n’itegeko ashingiye ku kuba ibyo byarakozwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko nyuma yo gusanga hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba uregwa yaraburanye yemera icyaha, nta n’ikindi cyaha yigeze akora. Atanga urugero rw’urubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu,

Urubanza RPAA 00131/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2022 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Uwayezu Damien, urubanza RPAA 00002/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/05/2023 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Dufitumukiza Léonard. Yongeraho ko kandi Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/Inconst/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 04/12/2019 haburana Kabasinga Florida na Leta y’u Rwanda rwemeje ko ingingo ya 133 y’itegeko No 68/2018 ryo 30/08/2018 mu gika cyayo cya gatatu kivuga ko gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nawe nk’umugore n’umugabo bihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu idashobora kugabanywa ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha inyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda mu ngingo zaryo za 29 na 151. Akavuga ko rero umucamanza atagombaga kuzitirwa n’itegeko mu kumugenera igihano.

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[11] Me Uwimabera Beatha umwunganira we avuga ko hashingiwe ku mirongo yafashwe hagendewe ku itegeko rishya No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, asanga uwo yunganira yaragabanyirijwe ibihano mu buryo buboneye kugeza ku gihano gito gishoboka, agasaba Urukiko kuzakora ibyo amategeko ateganya. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ashingiye ku murongo wafashwe n’uru Rukiko ku tariki 21/01/2025 mu rubanza RPAA 00538/2024/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude, uvuga ko ikibazo cyo kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano kujyera munsi y’igito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, hashingiwe ku manza zaciwe mbere y'Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, kitagomba kongera kugibwaho impaka mu manza. Akavuga ko n’Ubushinjacyaha busanga nk’uko Me Uwimabera Beata umwunganira yabivuze, ubujurire bwa Byamungu Elie nta shingiro bufite kuko igihano yagenewe ari cyo gito giteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka a) y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Muri uru rubanza, impaka zishingiye ku kumenya niba Byamungu Elie, wahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana bigakurikirwa no kubana nawe nk’umugore n’umugabo, Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kikaba cyajya munsi y’icyo. [14] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba umuntu wahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana bigakurikirwa no kubana na we nk’umugore n’umugabo ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyakemuwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, kuva aho itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange risohokeye, uruheruka akaba ari urubanza RPAA 01167/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/10/2025 haburana Uwizeyimana Emmanuel n’Ubushinjacyaha. Muri izo manza zose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagiye rushimangira umurongo umwe, uvuga ko uwahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nawe nk’umugore n’umugabo adashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), kuko aricyo gihano gito gishoboka kuri icyo cyaha2. [15] Mu rubanza RPA 01404/2022/HC/RWG, rwaciwe ku wa 20/03/2025, Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwagabanyirije Byamungu Elie igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya M L byakurikiwe no kubana nawe nk’umugore n’umugabo. [16] Uru Rukiko rurasanga Byamungu Elie yarahawe igihano gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gusambanya umwana bigakurikirwa no kubana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore,

2 Reba igika cya 15 cy’urwo rubanza Nº RPAA 01167/2024/CA

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bityo kikaba kidashobora kongera kugabanywa nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 14 cy’uru rubanza. [17] Rurasanga kandi imanza yishingikirizaho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ntacyo zamumarira kuko nk’uko byemejwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko3, umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe, akaba adashobora guhanishwa igihano kiri munsi y’icyo yahawe mu Rukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [18] Rwemeje ko Ubujurire bwa Byamungu Elie nta shingiro bufite; [19] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 01404/2022/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ku wa 20/03/2025, idahindutse. [20] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), Byamungu Elie yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kigumyeho; [21] Rutegetse ko Byamungu Elie asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.

3 Ibi byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza rwa Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na BIMENYIMANA Jean Paul (igika cya 25-26), urubanza ruheruka muri uyu mu jyo ni urubanza RPAA 00273/2025/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/10/2025, ubushinjacyaha buburana na Uwizeyimana Fulgence mu gika cya 18.