UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BYUKUSENGE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BYUKUSENGE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-11-21 - Case/document no.: RS/REV/RP 00068/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BYUKUSENGE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/REV/RP 00068/2024/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 21 Ugushyingo 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya – Ikimenyetso gishya – Kugira ngo ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya cyakirwe, urega agomba kugaragaza ko ikimenyetso yita gishya cyabonetse nyuma y’icibwa ry’urwo rubanza, ko Urukiko rwaciye urwo rubanza rutari rukizi igihe rwaruburanishaga, ko atari azi ko kibaho (gihari) cyangwa atashoboraga kukigeraho kuva atangira gukurikiranwa – Icyo kimenyetso n’iyo cyaba ari gishya, gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urwo rubanza; bivuze ko ku birebana n’ushinjwa, kigomba kuba kigaragaza ko ari umwere. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Byukusenge Jean Damascene yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi cyakorewe abitwa Muhirwa Joseph, Nzeyimana Emmanuel na Kurugishuri Germain, bagiye mu rugo kwa Munyaneza Emmanuel, bose bicara hanze mu gikari barimo kuganira banywa n'inzoga, Byukusenge n’izindi nsoresore zikabahuragura ibibando na fer a beton, nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye busaba ko ahamwa n’icyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubufatanyacyaha mu bwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Byukusenge yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, narwo mu guca urubanza rwemeza ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose, rwemeza ko igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe kidahindutse. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire noneho yemera icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza. Urwo Rukiko rucxa urubanza rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rujurirrwa ihindutse ku byerekeranye n’igihano kivanywe ku gifungo cya burundu kigashyirwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Uregwa yatanze ikirego muri uru Rukiko asaba gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya, ashingiye ku kimenyetso gishya giteganywa n’ingingo ya 197 agace ka 5, y’Itegeko Nº027/2019 ryo ku wa 18/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha kigizwe n’urubanza rw’icyitegererezo RPAA 00712/2021/CA rwo ku wa 22/09/2023 hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimyumukiza Ephron, rwatanze umurongo ku bijyanye n’igabanyagihano, aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagaragaje ko umuntu wahamwe n’icyaha, akanakatirwa imyaka 20 ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano kugera ku myaka 5 y’igifungo mu gihe yemera icyaha. Bityo ngo ko yagiriwe akarengane ko guhabwa igihano kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, ko ikirego cyatanzwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, kuko yagitanze hatarashira amezi 2 abonye urwo rubanza, ndetse kikaba ari ikimenyetso gishobora gutuma urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya Avuga kandi ko asaba gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya, ari ugusaba ubutabera bwatuma yongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko akomeje kwemera icyaha no kugisabira imbabazi kandi akaba yaragororotse nyuma yo kumenya ububi bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo.

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Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko kuba hari urubanza rwagabanyirije uregwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5, mu gihe Byukusenge Jean Damascene we yahanishijwe imyaka 25, urubanza rwagabanyije igihano rutaba ikimenyetso gishya gituma urubanza yaciriwe rusubirwamo, kuko Umushingamategeko yahaye umucamanza ubwisanzure bwo kureba mu bushishozi bwe ikigero yagabanyirizamo uregwa igihano agendeye ku byo itegeko riteganya. Buvuga kandi ko impamvu uregwa ashingiraho asaba gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo ari nazo yatanze ajurira. Incamake y’icyemezo: Kugira ngo ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya cyakirwe, urega agomba kugaragaza ko ikimenyetso yita gishya cyabonetse nyuma y’icibwa ry’urwo rubanza, ko Urukiko rwaciye urwo rubanza rutari rukizi igihe rwaruburanishaga, ko atari azi ko kibaho (gihari) cyangwa atashoboraga kukigeraho kuva atangira gukurikiranwa. Icyo kimenyetso n’iyo cyaba ari gishya, gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urwo rubanza; bivuze ko ku birebana n’ushinjwa, kigomba kuba kigaragaza ko ari umwere. Ikirego nta shingiro gifite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho Imanza zifashishijwe: RP 00001/2022/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Niyonsenga Dieudonée rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/3/2024; RS/REV/RP 00055/2024/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Ntakirutimana Martin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/2/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 01/01/2014, mu masaha ya saa moya z'ijoro abitwa Muhirwa Joseph, Nzeyimana Emmanuel na Kurugishuri Germain, bagiye mu rugo kwa Munyaneza Emmanuel, bose bicara hanze mu gikari barimo kuganira banywa n'inzoga, ako kanya hamanuka igitero cy'abantu b'insoresore bitwaje ibibando na fer à beton babagwa gitumo batangira kubahuragura. Muhirwa Joseph bamukubise fer à beton mu mutwe ahita agwa hasi, Nzeyimana Emmanuel nawe baramuhuragura, mu kuvuza induru, abaturage baratabara, izo nsoresore zihita zitatana ziriruka zirahunga. Muri abo basore hamenyekanye Byukusenge Jean Damascène, Sewumuntu Charles na Martin. [2] Mu rubanza RP 0082/14/TGI/HYE rwaciwe ku wa 28/05/2015 Byukusenge Jean Damascène yakurikiranywe nk'uwatorotse ubutabera, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rumuhamya icyaha rumuhanisha igihano cy'igifungo cya burundu. Nyuma, aho abonekeye muri Gereza ya Nsinda afungiye ikindi cyaha, yarafashwe kugira ngo arangize icyo gihano, ariko asaba yakurikiranwa mu buryo busanzwe. Mu rubanza RP 0128/16/TGI/HYE rwaciwe ku wa 14/10/2016, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rutegeka abayobozi ba Gereza ya Huye ko

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Byukusenge Jean Damascène arekurwa agashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha bwa Ngoma, kugira ngo hakorwe iperereza.

[3] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Byukusenge Jean Damascène mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye icyaha cy’ubufatanyacyaha mu bwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi, busaba ko kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa avuga ko atigeze atera Muhirwa Joseph iwe, ko ahubwo yakubitiwe aho yanyweraga mu kabari, yumvise induru ajya gutabara, ko nta n’umugambi yari afite wo kumugirira nabi. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00041/2016/TGI/HYE rwaciwe ku wa 24/02/2017, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha gifite ishingiro, ko Byukusenge Jean Damascène ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubufatanyacyaha mu bwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [5] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rwaciye urubanza RP 00041/2016/TGI/HYE tariki ya 24/02/2017, rwemeza ko ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha gifite ishingiro, ko Byukusenge Jean Damascène ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubufatanyacyaha mu bwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [6] Byukusenge Jean Damascène yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwaciye urubanza RPA 00162/2017/HC/NYZ ku wa 30/06/2017, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Byukusenge Jean Damascène nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko urubanza RP 00041/2016/TGI/HYE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye ku wa 24/02/2017 rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose, rwemeza ko igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe kidahindutse. [7] Byukusenge Jean Damascène yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00108/2017/SC, nyuma y’ivugurura ry’inkiko, rwimuriwe mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ruhabwa RPAA 00232/2018/CA, iburanisha ryarwo rishyirwa tariki ya 24/10/2018, Byukusenge Jean Damascène aburana avuga ko atishimiye ibihano yahawe n’inkiko zabanje akaba yarajuriye kugira ngo agaragaze uko ibintu byagenze, akaba yemera icyaha akemera ko we na bagenzi be bari kumwe bahemukiye Muhirwa Joseph, bakaba barabikoze batabigambiriye, ahubwo babitewe n’ubusinzi, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza. [8] Mu rubanza RPA 00232/2018/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/12/2018, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Byukusenge Jean Damascène nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00162/2017/HC/NYZ, ihindutse ku byerekeranye n’igihano kivanywe ku gifungo cya burundu kigashyirwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Mu gufata icyemezo, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasanze nta mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yashingirwaho mu kugabanyiriza igihano Byukusenge Jean Damascène kuko n’ubwo avuga ko aburana yemera icyaha ariko mu by’ukuri ntacyo yemera, kuko ntacyo yafashije Urukiko mu kugaragaza uko bateguye umugambi n’uruhare rwa buri muntu mu gukora icyaha. Icyakora Urukiko rwasanze agomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 21 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange kuko, icyaha aregwa gukora kandi kimuhama ari ubufatanyacyaha bw’ubwinjiracyaha mu bwicanyi.

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[9] Byukusenge Jean Damascène yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asubirishamo urubanza RPA 00232/2018/CA ingingo nshya, urubanza ruhabwa RS/REV/RP 00068/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 11/11/2025, Byukusenge Jean Damascène yunganiwe na Me Nshimiyimana Eugène, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [10] Mu myanzuro isubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya no mu miburanire Byukusenge Jean Damascène n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu gusaba gusubirishamo urubanza RPA 00232/2018/CA ingingo nshya babishingira ku kimenyetso gishya giteganywa n’ingingo ya 197 agace ka 5, y’Itegeko Nº027/2019 ryo ku wa 18/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha kigizwe n’urubanza rw’icyitegererezo RPAA 00712/2021/CA rwo ku wa 22/09/2023 hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimyumukiza Ephron, rwatanze umurongo ku bijyanye n’igabanyagihano, aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagaragaje ko umuntu wahamwe n’icyaha, akanakatirwa imyaka 20 ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano kugera ku myaka 5 y’igifungo mu gihe yemera icyaha. [11] Banavuga ko indi mpamvu ituma asaba gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya ari ugusaba ubutabera bwatuma yongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko akomeje kwemera icyaha no kugisabira imbabazi kandi akaba yaragororotse nyuma yo kumenya ububi bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Byukusenge Jean Damascène asaba nta shingiro bifite kuko impamvu ashingiraho asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya ari zo yari yaratanze ajurira, zikaba rero zidahura n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo za 195,196,197 agace ka 5, y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe. [13] Mu rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ikirego cyatanzwe na Byukusenge Jean Damascène gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza RPA 00232/2018/CA ingingo nshya gikwiye kwakirwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba ikirego cyatanzwe na Byukusenge Jean Damascène gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza RPA 00232/2018/CA ingingo nshya gikwiye kwakirwa [14] Byukusenge Jean Damascène n’umwunganira bavuga ko bashingira ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 197 agace ka 5o, y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 18/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’nshinjabyaha, bagasaba gusubirishamo urubanza RPA 00232/2018/CA ingingo nshya, kubera ko kuva aho ruciriwe yabonye ikimenyetso gishya kigizwe n’urubanza rw’icyitegererezo RPAA 00712/2021/CA rwo ku wa 22/09/2023 hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimyumukiza Ephron rutanga umurongo ku bijyanye n’uburyo uwaburanye yemera icyaha agabanyirizwa ibihano. Bavuga ko muri urwo rubanza Nshimyumukiza Ephron wari warakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 20 yemeye icyaha mu bujurire, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rumugabanyiriza igihano kugera ku myaka 5 y’igifungo. [15] Banavuga ko ikirego cye gikwiye kwakirwa kigasuzumwa, kuko urwo rubanza barutanze nk’ikimenyetso gishya kigaragaza akarengane yagiriwe ko guhabwa igihano kirekire kandi

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yaraburanye yemera icyaha, ko ikirego cyatanzwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, kuko yagitanze hatarashira amezi 2 abonye urwo rubanza, ndetse kikaba ari ikimenyetso gishobora gutuma urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. [16] Bavuga kandi ko indi mpamvu asaba gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya ari ukugira ngo abone ubutabera bwatuma yongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko akomeje kwemera icyaha no kugisabira imbabazi kandi akaba yaragororotse nyuma yo kumenya ububi bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo. [17] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu Byukusenge Jean Damascène n’umwunganira bashingiraho basaba ko urubanza RPA 00232/2018/CA yaciriwe rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya nta shingiro zifite, kubera ko imirongo yifashishwa ku birebana n’itangwa ry’igihano uregwa ahanishwa ikoreshwa haburanwa ubujurire, kandi kuba hari urubanza rwagabanyirije uregwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5, mu gihe Byukusenge Jean Damascene we yahanishijwe imyaka 25, urubanza rwagabanyije igihano rutaba ikimenyetso gishya gituma urubanza yaciriwe rusubirwamo, kuko Umushingamategeko yahaye umucamanza ubwisanzure bwo kureba mu bushishozi bwe ikigero yagabanyirizamo uregwa igihano agendeye ku byo itegeko riteganya. [18] Asoza avuga ko impamvu batanga zidahura n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 197, agace ka 5, y'Itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y'imanza z'inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe, ahubwo ari impamvu yari kugaragaza igihe yari agifite amahirwe yo kuburana ubujurire. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba urubanza RPAA 00712/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/09/2023 hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimyumukiza rwatanze umurongo ku bijyanye n’igabanyagihano, rwafatwa nk’ikimenyetso gishya cyatuma urubanza RPA 00232/2018/CA rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya Byukusenge Jean Damascène akagabanyirizwa igihano. [20] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ikimenyetso ari gishya bikaba byatuma urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya, cyasesenguwe n’Urukiko rw’ubujurire mu rubanza RP 00001/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/3/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyonsenga Dieudonée1 no mu rubanza RS/REV/RP 00055/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/2/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntakirutimana Martin2. Muri izo manza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko kugira ngo ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya cyakirwe, urega agomba kugaragaza ko ikimenyetso yita gishya cyabonetse nyuma y’icibwa ry’urwo rubanza, ko Urukiko rwaciye urwo rubanza rutari rukizi igihe rwaruburanishaga, ko atari azi ko kibaho (gihari) cyangwa atashoboraga kukigeraho kuva atangira gukurikiranwa. Rwanavuze ko n’iyo icyo kimenyetso ari gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urwo rubanza; bivuze ko ku birebana n’ushinjwa, kigomba kuba kigaragaza ko ari umwere.

1 Reba igika cya 23 cy’urwo rubanza 2 Reba igika cya 17 cy’urwo rubanza.

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[21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ikimenyetso gishya Byukusenge Jean Damascène ashingiraho asaba ko urubanza RPA 00232/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/12/2018 rusubirwamo ingingo nshya ari urubanza RPAA 00712/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/09/2023 hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimyumukiza Ephron. Ibisobanuro atanga bigaragaza ko urwo rubanza rwatanze umurongo ku bijyanye n’uburyo uwaburanye yemera icyaha agabanyirizwa ibihano kugera ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5, ko mu rubanza yaciriwe yarenganyijwe kubera ko yahawe ibihano birebire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha. Indi mpamvu ituma asaba ko urubanza rusubirwamo ari ukugira ngo abone ubutabera bwatuma yongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko akomeje kwemera icyaha no kugisabira imbabazi. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo Byukusenge Jean Damascène yita ibimenyetso bishya bidahura n’ikimenyetso gishya gishobora gutuma urubanza rusubirwamo ingingo nshya kivugwa mu ngingo ya 197 agace ka 5°, y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza RS/REV/RP 00055/2024/CA rwavuzwe haruguru, ikimenyetso gishya kivugwamo muri iyo ngingo, ari ikiba kijyanye n’ibikorwa bigize icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho kandi kigomba kuba ari kamarampaka ku buryo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urwo rubanza, ni ukuvuga kigaragaza ko ari umwere3. ku bw’ibyo, ibijyanye no kugabanya igihano kubera kwemera icyaha no gukomeza kugaragaza ko yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi bikaba ari impamvu zisuzumwa mu gihe haburanwa ubujurire, atari ikimenyetso cyatuma urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 197, agace ka gatanu (5°), y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe, no ku mirongo yatanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zavuzwe, no ku byasobanuwe haruguru, rurasanga ikirego gisubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPA 00232/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/12/2018, cyatanzwe na Byukusenge Jean Damascène kitagomba kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe, kuko kitujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Byukusenge Jean Damascène gisubirishamo urubanza RPA 00232/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/12/2018 ingingo nshya kitakiriwe. [25] Rutegetse ko Byukusenge Jean Damascène asonerwa gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunzwe.

3 Reba ibyasobanuwe mu gika cya 19 cy’urubanza