UBUSHINJACYAHA vs Major BIZIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs Major BIZIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2012-01-13 - Case/document no.: RPAA 0001/GEN/10/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs Major BIZIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RPAA 0001/GEN/10/CS (Mutashya, P.J., Mukamulisa na Rugabirwa J.) 13 Mutarama 2012] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Uburyozwe – Uburyozwe bw’umuyobozi – Umuyobozi wa gisirikare cyangwa uwa gisivire ashobora kuryozwa ibyaha byakozwe n’abo yayoboraga mu gihe atashoboye gukumira cyangwa kuburizamo ikorwa ryabyo kandi yari azi neza cyangwa yarashoboraga kumenya ko bashoboraga kubikora, cyangwa ko atabafatiye ibyemezo byari bikwiye kandi yari azi neza ko bakoze ibyaha. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rwa Gisirikare uregwa (Major Bizimana André) akurikiranyweho ibikorwa binyuranye bifitanye isano n’icyaha cya Genocide byakorewe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rumuhamya ibyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, urwo Rukiko narwo rusanga ahamwa na bimwe mu byaha yahamijwe ku rwego rwa mbere, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Major Bizimana yajuririye nanone Urukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare rwamuhamije ibyaha rushingiye ku buhamya yatanze mu rwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Inkiko Gacaca, rwirengagiza ko burimo amakosa menshi yahimbye kuko yabwanditse afite imibereho mibi yo muri Gereza. Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko ubuhamya bwa Major Bizimana bufite agaciro kuko yabwanditse atuje, kandi azi neza ibikorwa bya jenoside byabereye mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi kuko yari umuyobozi wa Jandarumeri ya Gisenyi igihe byakorwaga, buvuga kandi ko agomba kuryozwa ubwicanyi bwabereye i Nyamirango, ko impamvu yatumye Major Bizimana asaba imbabazi mu buhamya bwe, ari uko yasanze atarahaye abajandarume yayoboraga amabwiriza yari gutuma batica abagogwe, kandi icyo gihe, abatutsi bose bitwaga Inkotanyi. Ikindi n’uko yasanze atarabahanye mu rwego rw’akazi (sanctions disciplinaires) kandi yari abifitiye ububasha, ko rero yasanze uburyozwe bwe buhura n’ubw’umuyobozi w’ingabo ugomba kuryozwa ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi byakozwe n’abasirikare yayoboraga mu gihe atafashe ingamba zo kubikumira kandi yarabonaga barashoboraga kubikora. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umuyobozi wa gisirikare cyangwa uwa gisivire ashobora kuryozwa ibyaha byakozwe n’abo yayoboraga mu gihe atashoboye gukumira cyangwa kuburizamo ikorwa ryabyo kandi yari azi neza cyangwa yarashoboraga kumenya ko bashoboraga kubikora, cyangwa ko atabafatiye ibyemezo byari bikwiye kandi yari azi neza ko bakoze ibyaha. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Ngenga Nº 08/1996 ryo kuwa 30/08/1996 ryerekeye imitunganyirize y’ikurikirana ry’ibyaha bigize icyaha cy’Itsembatsemba cyangwa ibyaha byibasiye inyoko-muntu, ingingo ya 3, igika cya 2.

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Nta manza zifashishijwe. Inyandiko z’abahanga: Case Law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, http://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/ij/icty/7.htm Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Urukiko rwa Gisirikare rwaciye urubanza kuwa 12/12/2008, rwemeza ko Major Bizimana André ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubuhotozi, icy’ubufatanyacyaha mu gusambanya ku gahato Solange n’icyaha cyo gufata ku rugomo no gukora urugomo rw’urugaraguro, rwemeza kandi ko ibyo byaha bigize icyaha cya jenoside, ruvuga ko ibyo byaha ari impurirane mbonezamugambi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [2] Major Bizimana yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, urubanza rucibwa kuwa 27/11/2009, Urukiko rwemeza ko Major Bizimana ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutegura jenoside y’abatutsi n’icyaha cy’ubufatanyacyaha mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Nyamirango, rwemeza ko adahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubufatanyacyaha mu gusambanya Solange ku gahato, ruvuga ko ibyaha bimuhama ari impurirane mbonezamugambi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [3] Major Bizimana yajuririye nanone Urukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko ari umwere, naho Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bukavuga ko yakoze icyaha cyo gutegura jenoside y’abatutsi n’icy’ubufatanyacyaha mu bwicanyi bw’abagogwe bwabereye i Nyamirango. [4] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame kuwa 04/05/2011, ariko rwagiye rusubukurwa nyuma y’iyo tariki kubera impamvu zumvikana, Major Bizimana André yunganiwe na Me Bikotwa Bruce, naho Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare buhagarariwe na Lt Mukunzi Faustin cyangwa Lt Mvuyekuye Théoneste. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO: 1. Kumenya niba ubuhamya bwa Major Bizimana bwo kuwa 24/06/2007 bugomba guhabwa agaciro [5] Major Bizimana André avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare rwamuhamije ibyaha byavuzwe haruguru rushingiye ku buhamya yatanze mu rwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Inkiko Gacaca kuwa 24/06/2007, rwirengagiza ko burimo amakosa menshi yahimbye kuko yabwanditse afite imibereho mibi yo muri Gereza yatewe n’ubucucike bukabije bw’abagororwa no kuba yarabwanditse arwaye, arimo no kunyagirwa n’imvura, atacyibuka neza ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi byabaye icyo gihe. Avuga ko nyuma yaho, yanditse amabaruwa menshi akosora ubwo buhamya.

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[6] Kuri iyo ngingo, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubwo buhamya bufite agaciro kuko Major Bizimana André yabwanditse atuje, kandi azi neza ibikorwa bya jenoside byabereye mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi kuko yari umuyobozi wa Jandarumeri ya Gisenyi igihe byakorwaga. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [7] Major Bizimana André yoherereje Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Inkiko Gacaca ubuhamya yanditse kuwa 24/06/2007. Ubwo buhamya bukubiyemo ibisobanuro birambuye byerekeranye n’ibikorwa bya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi kuva kuwa 01/10/1990 kugeza kuwa 15/02/1994, ubwo yayoboraga Jandarumeri muri iyo Perefegitura. Muri ubwo buhamya, Major Bizimana yasobanuye ibijyanye n’itumizwa ry’inama y’umutekano ya Perefegitura ya Gisenyi yo kuwa 05/10/1990, uburyo yari muri iyo nama, uburyo iyo nama yafatiwemo icyemezo cyo gufata no gufunga abitwaga ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, n’uburyo icyo cyemezo cyashyizwe mu bikorwa kuwa 06/10/1990, hamwe n’ibisobanuro birambuye byerekeranye n’ubwicanyi bwabereye i Nyamirango n’ababugizemo uruhare. [8] Mu iburanisha ry’uru rubanza, Major Bizimana yasabye ko ubwo buhamwa bwateshwa agaciro ngo kuko bwuzuyemo amakosa yihimbiye ubwe bitewe n’uko yabwanditse atisanzuye kubera ubucucike bukabije bw’abagororwa, no kuba yarabwanditse arwaye, anyagirwa n’imvura, kandi atacibuka neza ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi byabereye mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi. [9] Urukiko rurasanga nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko Major Bizimana yashyizweho agahato igihe yandikaga ubwo buhamya, ahubwo bigaragara ko yabukoze mu bwisanzure afite ubwenge n’umutimanama bye byose harebwe uburyo yasobanuye ibikorwa bya jenoside byakorewe abatutsi mu Mujyi wa Gisenyi icyo gihe n’ababigizemo uruhare. Uretse n’ibyo kandi, ibyinshi mu bikubiye mu buhamya bwe, ninabyo yivugiye ubwe imbere y’uru Rukiko igihe yaburanaga. [10] Urukiko rurasanga rero ubwo buhamya bugomba kugumana agaciro kabwo maze bugasuzumwa hamwe n’ibindi bimenyetso biri muri dosiye ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Major Bizimana yaragize uruhare mu itegurwa rya jenoside mu cyahoze ari mu Mujyi wa Gisenyi hamwe n’ubwicanyi bwabereye i Nyamirango. 2. Kumenya niba Major Bizimana André yaba yarateguye jenoside y’abatutsi mu cyahoze ari mu Mujyi wa Gisenyi [11] Major Bizimana André avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gutegura jenoside y’abatutsi ngo kuko yagiriye inama Commandant de Place w’icyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, Bwana Bahufite Juvénal, yuko Perefe yatumiza inama y’umutekano y’iyo Perefegitura no kuba yaritabiriye iyo nama akanayitangamo amalisiti y’abitwaga ibyitso by’Inkotanyi bafashwe bagafungwa, bakanahohoterwa bazira ubwoko bwabo bw’abatutsi. [12] Avuga ko urwo Rukiko rwirengagije ko inama yagiriye Commandant de Place, Bwana Bahufite Juvénal, itari inama yo gutegura jenoside, ko ahubwo yari inama isanzwe y’akazi kuko kwari ukugira ngo izindi serivisi z’umutekano zibahe amakuru ahagije yari gutuma bamenya

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niba Inkotanyi zari zaracengeye mu Mujyi wa Gisenyi no kumenya niba hari abashoboraga kuzibera ibyitso. [13] Asobanura ko ikigaragaza ko atari afite umugambi wo gutegura jenoside ari uko ari Commandant de Place Bahufite wamwihamagariye ubwe ngo amugire inama kuko uyu yari yabonye telegaramu yari ivuye muri Etat Major y’Ingabo i Kigali yamutegekaga gufata Inkotanyi ngo zari zaracengeye mu Mujyi wa Gisenyi hamwe n’ibyitso byazo. [14] Avuga kandi ko kuba yaritabiriye iyo nama y’umutekano yo kuwa 05/10/1990 ari uko yari umwe mu bari bayigize, kandi ko atayitanzemo lisiti y’ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, kuko iyo abari muri iyo nama bajya kuba bari barateguye ayo malisiti, baba barahise bafata abari bayanditseho, aho kwirirwa bakora umukwabu mu Mujyi wa Gisenyi. [15] Asobanura ko inama y’umutekano ya Perefegitura ya Gisenyi yateranye mugitondo cyo kuwa 05/10/1990, igizwe n’amaserivisi yari afite umutekano mu nshingano zayo kugira ngo ahane amakuru yerekeranye n’Inkotanyi n’ibyitso byazo, ariko ko basanze batayafite, usibye uwari ushinzwe iperereza wahise atanga amazina y’abantu barindwi (7) yakekaga ko ari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi. Avuga ko bemeranyijwe ko buri serivisi isubira aho yakoreraga kugira ngo ishakishe ayo makuru, banemeranywa ko bongera guhurira kuri Parike saa munani. Avuga ko iyo saa yarageze, uretse Jandarumeri ya Gisenyi yayoboraga, abayobozi b’izindi nzego zose batanze amalisiti yabo, bemeza ko umukwabu wo gufata ibyitso by’Inkotanyi uzaba kuwa 06/11/1990, saa kumi n’imwe za mugitondo. [16] Akomeza avuga ko kuwa 06/11/1990, abayobozi b’Amaselire na ba Nyumbakumi bayobowe na Porokireri wa Gisenyi, ndetse n’uwari Superefe Bikumbi, bakoze umukwabu mu Mujyi wa Gisenyi no mu nkengero zawo maze bafata abantu bagera ku ijana 100 bakekwaga kuba bari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi cyangwa abashakanye nabo. Anavuga ko nyuma y’ijonjora ryakorewe kuri SitadeUmuganda, hasigaye abantu 30 hafi ya bose ari abatutsi, bajyanywa kuri Brigade ya Jandarumeri, aho Porokireri yabakoreye inyandiko zo kubafunga, arangije, bajya gufungirwa muri Gereza ya Gisenyi. [17] Urukiko rwamubajije niba nta bantu bafashwe ngo banahohoterwe mu Mujyi wa Gisenyi kubera ko bitwaga ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, asubiza ko ibyo bikorwa byabayeho koko, ariko ko Jandarumeri ya Gisenyi yayoboraga itigeze ibigiramo uruhare kuko yacungaga umutekano w’abayobozi bayoboraga ibikorwa by’umukwabu n’uw’ibyitso by’Inkotanyi byafatwaga icyo gihe. [18] Kuri iyo ngingo, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Major Bizimana yakoze icyaha cyo gutegura jenoside y’abatutsi kubera impamvu zikurikira: 1. niwe wagiriye inama Commandant de Place w’icyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi yuko Perefe yatumiza inama y’umutekano kugira ngo bashyire mu bikorwa amabwiriza bari barahawe na Etat Major y’Ingabo yerekeranye no gufata, gufunga no guhohotera abitwaga ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, kandi ko iyo nama yateranye incuro ebyiri kuwa 05/10/1990. 2. yari muri iyo nama, kandi ko yakorewemo amalisiti y’abitwaga ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, ndetse ko nawe yayitanzemo lisiti y’abo Jandarumeri ya Gisenyi yakekaga ko ari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi.

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3. iyo nama yari iyobowe na Superefe Bikumbi bari bahuje ubwoko, aho kuyoborwa n’uwari Perefe Nshunguyinka kuko bavugaga ko yari umututsi. 4. Abajandarume yayoboraga nibo bafataga abitwaga ibyitso by’Inkotanyi kuko aribo bari bafite imbunda, babifashijwemo n’abayobozi b’inzego z’Ibanze. 5. abo bajandarume ninabo bacungaga umutekano wa Superefe Bikumbi n’uwa Porokireri wa Gisenyi bari bayoboye ibikorwa by’ifatwa, ifungwa n’ihohoterwa ry’abitwaga ibyitso by’Inkotanyi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Mu buhamya bwe bwo kuwa 24/06/2007 bwavuzwe haruguru, Major Bizimana André avuga ko yagiriye inama Commandant de Place w’icyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi yuko Perefe yatumiza inama y’umutekano w’iyo Perefegitura kugira ngo serivisi z’umutekano zihane amakuru yerekeranye n’Inkotanyi zishobora kuba zaracengeye mu Mujyi wa Gisenyi n’abashoboraga kuzibera ibyitso. [20] Muri ubwo buhamya bwe, avuga ko iyo nama yateranye kuwa 05/11/1990, saa moya za mugitondo, ayirimo, noneho uwari ushinzwe iperereza atanga amazina y’abantu barindwi (7) yakekaga ko bari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, ko ariko kubera ko batari bafite amakuru ahagije, buri serivisi yasubiye aho yakoreraga kugira ngo ishakishe amakuru yuzuye. Akanavuga ko bongeye guhurira kuri Parike saa munani, maze buri serivisi y’umutekano yari muri iyo nama itanga lisiti y’abantu yakekaga ko bashoboraga kubika abacengezi b’Inkotanyi cyangwa kubabera ibyitso. [21] Nanone mu buhamya bwe, akomeza avuga ko gahunda yo gufata abo bantu yashyizwe kuwa 06/11/1990, saa kumi n’imwe za mugitondo. Anavuga ko kuri uwo munsi, hafashwe abari barashyizwe kuri lisiti bari barakoze, kandi ko hafi ya bose bari abatutsi cyangwa abashakanye nabo, ko nyuma y’ijonjora ryabereye kuri Stade Umuganda no kuri Brigade ya Jandarumeri, hasigaye abantu 30 hafi ya bose ari abatutsi, bajya gufungirwa muri gereza ya Gisenyi. [22] Ku bijyanye n’iryo fatwa ry’abitwaga ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, umutangabuhamya Nshunguyinka François wari Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Gisenyi icyo gihe, yasobanuye mu buhamye bwe ko Major Bizimana André yahurizaga hamwe akanagenzura ibikorwa by’ifatwa ry’ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, kandi ko mu ifatwa ryabyo yabaga ahibereye ubwe. [23] Hasesenguwe ibikubiye muri ubwo buhamya bwombi, Urukiko rurasanga hari ibimenyetso bihagije kandi bidashidikanywaho ku ruhare rwa Bizimana André mu cyaha cyo gutegura jenoside y’abatutsi mu cyahoze ari mu Mujyi wa Gisenyi, kuko icya mbere, ariwe wagiriye Commandant de Place w’icyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi yuko Perefe yatumiza inama y’umutekano ya Perefegitura. [24] Urukiko rurasanga iyo nama yateranye kuwa 05/10/1990, yari igamije gutegura jenoside kuko yakorewemo amalisiti y’abakekwaga kuba ari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi byagombaga gufatwa bigafungwa, kandi ko abafashwe, bagafungwa ndetse bakanahohoterwa icyo gihe, ari abari kuri ayo malisiti, kandi ko hafi ya bose bari abatutsi.

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[25] Icya kabiri n’uko Major Bizimana André yari muri iyo nama. Byongeye kandi kuba uyu yariyemereye ko buri serivisi yari muri iyo nama yatanze lisiti y’abo yakekaga ko ari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, bigaragaza ko nawe yatanze bene iyo lisiti nk’uwari uhagarariye Jandarumeri ya Gisenyi yayoboraga. Icya gatatu n’uko igihe abitwaga ibyitso by’Inkotanyi bafatwaga, Major Bizimana yabaga ahibereye ubwe, kandi ko yahurizaga hamwe ibyo bikorwa akanabigenzura hakurikijwe ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Nshunguyinka François wari Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Gisenyi bwavuzwe haruguru. [26] Hakurikijwe ibyo bisobanuro, Urukiko rurasanga rero Major Bizimana André yarakoze icyaha cyo gutegura jenoside y’abatutsi mu cyahoze ari mu Mujyi wa Gisenyi nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare rwabyemeje. 3. Kumenya niba Major Bizimana André yaryozwa ubwicanyi bwabereye i Nyamirango mu mwaka w’1992 [27] Major Bizimana n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare rwamuhamije icyaha cy’ubufatanyacyaha mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Nyamirango rushingiye ku buhamya bwa Munyankirire Seth wamushinje kuba yarayoboye igitero cy’abajandarume ngo cyakoze ubwo bwicanyi, rwirengagiza ko uyu ari umuburanyi muri uru rubanza kuko icyo gihe yapfushije murumuna we witwaga Bihubi, ko rero yamugeretseho icyo cyaha kugira ngo azahabwe indishyi. [28] Avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije kandi ko ubuhamya bwa Munyankirire Seth bwavugurujwe n’ubwa murumuna we witwaga Gashabuka wasobanuye ko ubwicanyi bw’i Nyamirango bwakozwe n’abasirikare bo mu Kigo cya Bigogwe ngo kuko aribo bazanwe n’amabisi ya ONATRACOM anabasubizayo, ndetse ko ubwo buhamya bwashimangiwe kandi na Général Rwarakabije wavuze ko abajandarume n’abasirikare batashoboraga kugendera hamwe mu ma bisi ya ONATRACOM batabiherewe uruhushya na Minisitiri w’Ingabo ngo kuko hari mu ifasi y’ibikorwa bya gisirikare kandi ko uyu atigeze atanga urwo ruhushya. [29] Akomeza avuga ko abajandarume bagiye i Nyamirango bari baturutse kuri Komini Mutura, aho bacungaga umutekano wa Burugumesitiri w’iyo Komini, Bwana Ndabarinze. Anavuga ko atari afite ububasha bwo kubaha amabwiriza kuko Burugumesitiri yari yarabahawe n’Ubuyobozi bwa Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, usibye ko mu gihe bashoboraga gukora amakosa y’akazi yoroshye, yashoboraga kubafungira muri kasho, naho iyo bajya gukora amakosa akomeye, yari kubafungira muri kasho mu gihe cy’iminsi 15. Yongeyeho ko iyo bajya gukora ibyaha, yari kubohereza mu nzego zari zibifitiye ububasha kugira ngo zibakurikirane mu rwego rw’imanza z’inshijabyaha. [30] Urukiko rwamubajije niba atarohereje Capitaine Ngerageze wari ushinzwe Unité d’Intervention i Nyamirango, avuga ko yamwoherejeyo kugira ngo amurebere ibyahabereye, agezeyo amubwira ko hari umujandarume wahiciwe n’abaturage, maze abitangira raporo kwa Minisitiri w’Ingabo, kuko ntacyo yashoboraga gukora i Nyamirango kubera ko hagenzurwaga n’abasirikare. [31] Yanabajijwe ingamba yaba yarafatiye abajandarume barasiye abagogwe i Nyamirango, asubiza ko nta byemezo yabafatiye kuko nta bwicanyi bahakoreye, kuko bahise bahunga

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batarashe abaturage ubwo bari bamaze kwica mugenzi wabo. Asobanura ko ibyo yanditse mu buhamya bwe agaragaza ko hari ubwicanyi bwahabereye ataribyo, kuko aribyo yihimbiye kuko yanditse ubwo buhamya afite imibereho mibi yo muri gereza yari afungiyemo. [32] Akomeza avuga ko atagomba guhanirwa ubwicanyi bw’i Nyamirango kuko afite ikimenyetso gishya kigizwe n’ifishi ngo igaragaza ko ari abasirikare babaga mu Kigo cya Bigogwe bafatanyije na Rutitiri Ernest bahiciye abagogwe icyenda (9), kandi ko uyu yireze ubwo bwicanyi abusabira n’imbabazi, ndetse ko yabuhaniwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’i Nyamirango. Yongeraho ko mu gihe uru Rukiko rushidikanyije kuri icyo kimenyetso aruhaye, rwakwikorera iperereza rukabaza abacamanza bo muri urwo Rukiko kuko aribo bafite amakuru y’imvaho yerekeranye n’abagize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi. [33] Kuri iyo ngingo, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Major Bizimana agomba kuryozwa ubwicanyi bwabereye i Nyamirango kubera impamvu zikurikira: 1. mu Nkiko zibanza yari yaremeye ko hari abajandarume babiri yayoboraga bagiye i Nyamirango, bagezeyo, umwe atemwa n’umuturage. 2. Munyankirire Seth yavuze ko nyuma y’iyicwa ry’uwo mujandarume, yiboneye ubwe Major Bizimana ayoboye igitero cy’abajandarume cyishe abagogwe. Asobanura ko ubuhamya bwa Munyankirire Seth bukwiye guhabwa agaciro kuko atari umuburanyi muri uru rubanza kuko ataregeye indishyi. 3. Major Bizimana yari i Nyamirango kuko yivugiye mu buhamya bwe ko hari umujandarume wirutse atarashe abaturage, ngo iyo atajyayo ntiyari kubimenya. 4. Abajandarume n’abasirikare bashoboraga kujyana i Nyamirango bari mu mabisi ya ONATRACOM kuko cyari igihe cy’intambara. [34] Anavuga ko impamvu yatumye Major Bizimana asaba imbabazi mu buhamya bwe bwo kuwa 24/06/2007, ari uko yasanze atarahaye abajandarume yayoboraga amabwiriza yari gutuma batica abagogwe, kandi icyo gihe, abatutsi bose bitwaga Inkotanyi. Ikindi n’uko yasanze atarabahanye mu rwego rw’akazi (sanctions disciplinaires) kandi yari abifitiye ububasha, ko rero yasanze uburyozwe bwe buhura n’ubw’umuyobozi w’ingabo ugomba kuryozwa ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi byakozwe n’abasirikare yayoboraga mu gihe atafashe ingamba zo kubikumira kandi yarabonaga barashoboraga kubikora. [35] Akomeza avuga ko ikigaragaza ko Major Bizimana yayoboraga abajandarume bakoze ubwo bwicanyi, ari uko hari umujandarume wari kuri Komini ya Mutura wahise amuterefona amumenyesha ko hari ubwicanyi bwabereye i Nyamirango atarinze gusaba uruhushya kuri Burugumesitiri w’iyo Komini, ko rero agomba kuryozwa ubwo bwicanyi. [36] Avuga nanone ko ikimenyetso Major Bizimana yahaye Urukiko ngo kigaragaza ko ari abasirikare babaga mu Kigo cya Bigogwe bakoze ubwicanyi bw’i Nyamirango bafatanyije na Rutitiri Ernest kitagomba guhabwa agaciro muri uru rubanza kuko Major Bizimana yivugiye ubwe ko hari umujandarume wahapfiriye ngo bikaba bigaragaza ko n’abajandarume bagiyeyo banahakorera ubwicanyi.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA Ni bande bakoze ubwicanyi bw’i Nyamirango mu mwaka w’1992 ? [37] Mu buhamwa bwa Major Bizimana André bwavuzwe haruguru, uyu avuga ko muri Segiteri Nyamirango yo muri Komini Mutura, abajandarume barindaga umutekano wa Burugumesitiri w’iyo Komini bayobejwe na Konseye w’iyo Segiteri, abashora mu mutego waguyemo umujandarume umwe, maze bagenzi be mu gusubiza, batikiza inzirakarengane nyinshi. [38] Akomeza avuga muri ubwo buhamya bwe ko hari Sergent wafashwe n’ubwoba ahita amuterefona igihe yateguraga raporo y’umutekano. Anavuga ko yabajije Sergent uko byagenze, uyu amusobanurira uko Konseye w’i Nyamirango yaje guhuruza n’uko we yohereje abo bajandarume. Muri ubwo buhamya, Major Bizimana asobanura ko yohereje Capitaine Ngerageze i Nyamirango, agezeyo, amubwira amakuru y’ibyahabereye byose amenya yuko ari inzirakarengane z’abagogwe zari zatwikiwe. Anavuga ko hatumijwe inama y’umutekano ya Perefegitura maze isanga ari Konseye wayobeje abajandarume bakica izo nzirakarengane abeshya ko zari kumwe n’Inkotanyi zashakaga gutera igihugu. [39] Muri ubwo buhamya kandi, Major Bizimana André avuga ko asaba imbabazi z’ubwicanyi bw’i Nyamirango bwabaye mu mwaka w’1992, aho abajandarume bakoreraga muri Groupement ya Gisenyi bishe abantu, kandi inshingano zabo zari izo kurinda umutekano w’abantu n’ibintu byabo. Akomeza avuga ko abisabiye imbabazi kubera ko yari umuyobozi wa Groupement ya Gisenyi abo bajandarume barimo (...). [40] Urukiko rurasanga ubwo buhamya bugaragaza nta shiti ko abakoze ubwicanyi bw’abagogwe i Nyamirango mu mwaka w’1992, ari abajandarume bakoreraga muri Groupement ya Gisenyi, Major Bizimana André yayoboraga, bityo Urukiko rurasanga bitakiri ngombwa ko rukora iperereza mu gihe abakoze ubwo bwicanyi bamenyekanye. [41] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ifishi Major Bizimana aburanisha ngo igaragaza ko ubwo bwicanyi bwakozwe n’abasirikare babaga mu Kigo cya Bigogwe ngo bafatanyije na Rutitiri Ernest, ntacyo yamumarira muri uru rubanza mu gihe byagaragaye ko ubwo bwicanyi bwakozwe n’abajandarume yayoboraga. Ese Major Bizimana André yaryozwa ubwicanyi bw’i Nyamirango ? [42] Ku bijyanye n’uburyozwe by’umuyobozi, ingingo ya 3, igika cya 2 y’Itegeko Ngenga nº 08/1996 ryo kuwa 30/08/1996 ryerekeye imitunganyirize y’ikurikirana ry’ibyaha bigize icyaha cy’Itsembatsemba cyangwa ibyaha byibasiye inyoko-muntu nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu iteganya ko “ Kuba igikorwa icyo aricyo cyose cyateganyijwe n’iri tegeko - ngenga cyarakozwe n’uyoborwa ntibibuza umuyobozi we kuryozwa icyaha cyakozwe mu gihe yari azi cyangwa yagombaga kumenya ko uwo ategeka yari yiteguye gukora icyo cyaha cyangwa yagikoze, umutegeka we ntabe yarafashe ibyemezo bikwiye kugira ngo abakoze icyaha bahanwe cyangwa abuze icyo cyaha gukorwa kandi yari abishoboye”.

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[43] Ibisobanuro by’abahanga mu mategeko kimwe n’ibyemezo binyuranye by’Inkiko Mpanabyaha zashyiriweho u Rwanda n’icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya1 birimo urubanza rwa Ignace Bagilishema, urwa Kordic and Cerkez n’urwa Aleksovski bigaragaza ko umuyobozi wa gisirikare cyangwa uwa gisivire ashobora kuryozwa, mu rwego rw’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ibyaha byakozwe n’abo yayoboraga mu gihe atashoboye gukumira cyangwa kuburizamo ikorwa ryabyo kandi yari azi neza cyangwa yarashoboraga kumenya ko bashoboraga kubikora, cyangwa ko atabafatiye ibyemezo byari bikwiye kandi yari azi neza ko bakoze ibyaha. [44] Ku byerekeye Major Bizimana André, Urukiko rurasanga Ubushinjacyaha n’ubuhamya bwa Munyankirire Seth bwavuzwe haruguru bitagaragaza nta shiti ko Major Bizimana André yayoboye igitero cy’abajandarume cyiciye abagogwe i Nyamirango. [45] Urukiko rurasanga nyamara ubuhamya bwa Major Bizimana André bwavuzwe haruguru bugaragaza nta gushidikanya ko yamenye ko abajandarume yayoboraga biciye abagogwe i Nyamirango babaziza ubwoko bwabo bw’abatutsi nk’uko yanabisabiye n’imbabazi muri ubwo buhamya bwe. [46] Urukiko rurasanga rero kuba Major Bizimana André yaramenye ko abajandarume yayoboraga bakoze ibyaha bya jenoside i Nyamirango, ariko ntabafatire ibyemezo byari bikwiye mu rwego rw’akazi kandi yarabifitiye ububasha cyangwa ngo abashyikirije izindi inzego zari zifite ububasha bwo kubakurikirana no kubahana mu rwego rw’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, agomba kuryozwa ibyo byaha, bityo akaba agomba guhamwa n’icyaha cy’ubufatanyacyaha mu cyaha cya jenoside nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [47] Rwemeye kwakira ubujurire bwa Major Bizimana André kuko bwatanzwe mu buryo n’inzira bikurikije amategeko; [48] Rwemeje ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite; [49] Ruvuze ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA/Gen 0001/09/HCM rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare kuwa 27/11/2009 idahindutse; [50] Rutegetse Major Bizimana André gutanga amagarama y’uru rubanza angana na 63.200 Frw, atayatanga mu gihe mu gihe cy’iminsi umunani, agakurwa mu bye ku ngufu za Leta. 1 Bagilishema, (Trial Chamber), June 7, 2001, para. 38 : The Chamber held that the “three essential elements of command responsibility” are : (i) the existence of a superior-subordinate relationship of effective control between the accused and the perpetrator of the crime; and, (ii) the actual knowledge, or constructive knowledge, of the accused that the crime was about to be, was being, or had been committed; and (iii) the failure of the accused to take the necessary and reasonable measures to prevent or stop the crime, or after his/he knowledge of its commission to punish the perpetrator(s). Case Law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, http://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/ij/icty/7.htm