UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKAMWIZA n’undi

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKAMWIZA n’undi

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2016-03-11 - Case/document no.: RPA 0078/12/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKAMWIZA n’undi [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RPA 0078/12/CS (Mugenzi, PJ, Mutashya na Gatete, J.) 11/3/2016] Amategeko Mpanabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uko uhanwa yakoze icyaha, ashingiye ku mpamvu zabimuteye, uko uwakoze icyaha yari asanzwe yitwara, uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo n’imibereho ye bwite, hatitawe ku kuba icyaha abaregwa baremeye icyaha batinze – Itegeko Ngenga n° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 71. Incamake y’ikibazo: Munyakayanza Daniel, wari umugabo wa Mukamwiza Vérédiane, akaba na se wa Hagenimana Jean Bosco na Ntakiyimana, yishwe ahotowe umurambo bawuta mu musarani. Mukamwiza Vérédiane n’abahungu be Ntakiyimana na Hagenimana Jean Bosco bahita bakekwa, bashyikirizwa Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi bubarega icyaha cy’ubuhotozi n’icy’ubwicamubyeyi. Urukiko Rukuru, rwafashe icyemezo cyo kohereza urubanza mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, kuko arirwo rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha abana bakoze ibyaha ibyari byo byose, kuko Hagenimana yari akiri umwana. Mu guca urubanza, Urukiko rwemeje ko icyaha gihama Mukamwiza Vérédiane na Hagenimana Jean Bosco, naho Ntakiyimana agirwa umwere kubera ko nta bimenyetso bifatika bikimushinja, ruhanisha Mukamwiza igifungo cya burundu, naho Hagenimana ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20‚ akaba yaragabanyirijwe kubera ko akiri umwana, yari afite imyaka 15 igihe icyaha cyakorwaga. Bahise bajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, narwo rwemeza ko batashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso Urukiko rwashingiyeho rubahamya icyaha, bityo ko imikirize y’urubanza ihamyeho kuri bombi. Bajuririye mu Rukiko rw’ Ikirenga, bombi bemera icyaha, basobanura uburyo cyakozwe ndetse banagisabira imbabazi. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko asanga Mukamwiza Vérédiane yagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yagize ubutwari bwo kwemera icyaha ariko ntahabwe igihano kiri munsi y’imyaka 20, naho kuri Hagenimana akaba asanga nta yindi mpamvu yatuma yongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, ariko ko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi rwabifataho icyemezo. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uko uhanwa yakoze icyaha, ashingiye ku mpamvu zabimuteye, uko uwakoze icyaha yari asanzwe yitwara, uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo n’imibereho ye bwite. Bityo, abaregwa bakwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano hatitawe ku kuba baremeye icyaha batinze. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Urubanza ruhindutse gusa kubirebana n’ibihano abaregwa bahanishijwe. Amagarama aherereye ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegeko Ngenga n° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo za 71 na 76 Itegeko-Teka nº 21/77 ryo ku wa 18/08/1977 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 83. Itegeko Nº 30/2013 ryo kuwa 24/5/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 165,2o. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 0282/08/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 12/03/2010, rwatangajwe mu Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, igitabo cya mbere 2011, no8, Mutarama, 2011, urupapuro rwa 15-22 RPA 0246/09/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 14/12/2012 rwatangajwe mu Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, igitabo cya kabiri 2013, no17, Mata, 2013, urupapuro rwa 41-45 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 29/1/2001, Munyakayanza Daniel, wari umugabo wa Mukamwiza Vérédiane, akaba na se wa Hagenimana Jean Bosco na Ntakiyimana, yishwe ahotowe umurambo bawuta mu musarani. Mukamwiza Vérédiane n’abahungu be Ntakiyimana na Hagenimana Jean Bosco bahise bakekwa, Ubushinjacyaha bukora dosiye buyishyikiriza Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi bubarega icyaha cy’ubuhotozi n’icy’ubwicamubyeyi. [2] Mu iburanisha mu Rukiko Rukuru, kubera ko Hagenimana Jean Bosco yari akiri umwana, Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo cyo kohereza urubanza mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, kuko arirwo rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha abana bakoze ibyaha ibyari byo byose. [3] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko icyaha gihama Mukamwiza Vérédiane na Hagenimana Jean Bosco, naho Ntakiyimana agirwa umwere kubera ko nta bimenyetso bifatika bikimushinja. Urukiko rwahanishije Mukamwiza Vérédiane igifungo cya burundu, naho Hagenimana Jean Bosco ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20‚ akaba yaragabanyirijwe kubera ko akiri umwana, yari afite imyaka 15 igihe icyaha cyakorwaga. [4] Mukamwiza Vérédiane na Hagenimana Jean Bosco bahise bajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, Mukamwiza Vérédiane akavuga ko yahanwe arenganyijwe n’abatangabuhamya ku cyaha atakoze, naho Hagenimana Jean Bosco akavuga ko yahaniwe icyaha cy’ubwicanyi nk’aho byagambiriwe kandi atari ko abibona. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza ku wa 29/12/2011 rwemeza ko batashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso Urukiko rwashingiyeho rubahamya icyaha, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza ihamyeho kuri bombi.

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[5] Mukamwiza Vérédiane na Hagenimana Jean Bosco bajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, iburanisha ry’urubanza riba ku wa 8/2/2016, Mukamwiza Vérédiane yitabye yunganiwe na Me Uramije James, naho Hagenimana Jean Bosco yunganiwe na Me Mukanyandwi Rois, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Higaniro Hermogène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. II.IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO . 1. Kumenya niba ukwemera icyaha kw’abaregwa kwababera impamvu yo kugabanyirizwa. a. Kuri Mukamwiza Vérédiane [6] Mukamwiza Vérédiane avuga ko ibyo yaburanishije mbere abiretse, noneho aje mu Rukiko azanywe no kuvugisha ukuri, ko icyaha aregwa acyemera akanagisabira imbabazi. Avuga ko umugabo we bari basanzwe bafitanye amakimbirane aturutse ku moko, ku mitungo no ku busambanyi. Avuga ko baje gutandukana, nyakwigendera akajya kuba mu yindi nzu hamwe n’umuhungu we Hagenimana Jean Bosco. Avuga ko yaje gucura umugambi mubisha wo kwica umugabo we, akawushyira muri uwo mwana we Hagenimana Jean Bosco, akamusaba kumumufasha kubera ko yari atangiye kuzana abandi bagore bakabyarana abana, bikagira ingaruka ku mitungo y’abana be. Avuga ko Hagenimana Jean Bosco yemeye uwo mugambi, bigeze ninjoro, Hagenimana Jean Bosco aramufungurira arinjira anigisha nyakwigendera igitenge, amaze gushiramo umwuka, abifashijwemo na Hagenimana Jean Bosco, aramukurura amuta mu musarane, icyo cyaha akaba agisabira imbabazi kandi ko ariwe washutse umwana akamushora mu cyaha, akaba asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano. [7] Me Uramije James avuga ko ibyo Mukamwiza Vérédiane avuga ari ukuri, ko ariko byagenze, kandi ko n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe buhura n’uko Mukamwiza Vérédiane abivuga, bityo ukwemera icyaha kwe kukaba kwahabwa agaciro. [8] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko asanga Mukamwiza Vérédiane yagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yagize ubutwari bwo kwemera icyaha ariko ntahabwe igihano kiri munsi y’imyaka 20. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [9] Ingingo ya 76 y’Itegeko Ngenga n° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana iteganya ko umucamanza ubwe aha agaciro impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ari izakibanjirije, ari izagiherekeje cyangwa izagikurikiye, naho ingingo ya 83 y’Itegeko-Teka nº 21/77 ryo ku wa 18/08/1977 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda cyakoreshwaga igihe icyaha cyakorwaga, igateganya uburyo ibyo bihano bigabanywa hakurikijwe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [10] Urukiko rurasanga mu nkiko zibanza, Mukamwiza Vérédiane yaraburanye akikira ukuri adashaka kuvuga uko ibintu byagenze ariko ageze muri uru Rukiko, ibyo kwinangira arabireka, icyaha aracyemera, agenda asobanura uruhare rwe mu ikorwa ry’icyaha n’icyabimuteye, akaba yaragaragaje umutima wo kwicuza asaba imbabazi, Urukiko rukaba rusanga ukwemera kwe kuzuye kudashidikanywaho.

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[11] Urukiko rurasanga ntacyabuza ko uwaburanye ahakana icyaha mu rwego rwa mbere, yagera mu bujurire akacyemera, kuko nta gihe ntarengwa cyagenwe n’itegeko cyo kuba uregwa yakwemera icyaha, uyu murongo ukaba ari wo wafashwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPA 0282/08/CS rwaciwe ku wa 12/03/2010 aho Urukiko rwasanze ukwemera icyaha bitinze ubwabyo bitaba impamvu yo kutagabanyiriza umuburanyi igihano1, ndetse no mu rundi rubanza rufite RPA 0246/09/CS rwaciwe ku wa 14/12/2012, aho Urukiko rwasanze kuba uregwa ataremeye icyaha mbere yo gukurikiranwa atari byo ubwabyo byamubuza kugabanyirizwa ibihano mu gihe nyuma mu bujurire asobanuye uko yagikoze ndetse akagaragaza ukwicuza icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi2, bityo Mukamwiza Vérédiane akaba yagabanyirizwa ku mpamvu z’uko yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi . [12] Ku bijyanye n‘igabanyagihano, Urukiko rurasanga hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 71 y’Itegeko Ngenga nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ivuga ko Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uko uhanwa yakoze icyaha, ashingiye ku mpamvu zabimuteye, uko uwakoze icyaha yari asanzwe yitwara, uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo n’imibereho ye bwite, Mukamwiza Vérédiane akwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano ariko bitari cyane kubera ko ariwe watekereje umugambi wo kwica umugabo we, akawunononsora, awushyira muri Hagenimana Jean Bosco, uyu nawe mu bwana bwe no mu cyubahiro afitiye nyina, yemera kumubera icyitso amworohereza muri icyo gikorwa kigayitse kugeza igihe agereye ku ndunduro y’umugambi we mubisha. [13] Urukiko rurasanga hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa, igihano Mukamwiza Vérédiane yahawe, cyagabanywa kikava ku gifungo cya burundu kikagera ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). 2. Kuri Hagenimana Jean Bosco [14] Hagenimana Jean Bosco avuga ko yemera ko yabaye icyitso muri ubwo bwicanyi, asobanura ko nyina na se babanje kugirana amakimbirane ashingiye ku bwoko. Avuga ko ayo makimbirane yakomeje kugeza aho baje gutandukana ariko bitaremezwa n’amategeko, we akaba yari yahisemo kubana na se. Avuga ko nyina Mukamwiza Vérédiane yaje kumushuka akamwumvisha ko se ashaka kuzana abandi bagore, noneho akaza kumubwira ko ninjoro ari buze kuza mu rugo, ko yaje akamukingurira akinjira nawe agasohoka, akumva bacyocyorana, yakwinjira nyina akamubwira ko agize ibyago ko yishe Se. Hagenimana Jean Bosco avuga ko uwo mugambi yari awuzi, kandi akurikije ukuntu Se yari ameze, atari kunanira nyina Mukamwiza Vérédiane, ko kandi yagerageje guhishira nyina ajijisha Ubutabera, ariko ubu akaba yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, agasaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano. [15] Me Mukanyandwi Rois avuga ko Hagenimana Jean Bosco yabanje kurushya ubutabera, ariko ko imbere y’uru Rukiko yaje kuvugisha ukuri, akaba asanga kuba yemeye icyaha atinze bitabuza ko yongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko mu Rukiko Rukuru, yagabanyirijwe gusa kubera ko yari umwana. Asaba ko hazakurikizwa ingingo za 77, 82 na 83 z’ Itegeko-Teka nº 21/77 ryo ku wa 18/08/1977 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda cyakoreshwaga igihe icyaha cyakorwaga . 1 Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, igitabo cya mbere 2011, no8, Mutarama, 2011, urupapuro rwa 15-22 2 Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, igitabo cya kabiri 2013, no17, Mata, 2013, urupapuro rwa 41-45

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[16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko imyaka 20 Hagenimana Jean Bosco yahawe, asanga ikwiriye nta yindi mpamvu yatuma yongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, ariko ko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi rwabifataho icyemezo. Uko Urukiko rubibona [17] Ingingo ya 76 y’Itegeko Ngenga n° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana iteganya ko umucamanza ubwe aha agaciro impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ari izakibanjirije, ari izagiherekeje cyangwa izagikurikiye, naho ingingo ya 83 y’Itegeko-Teka nº 21/77 ryo ku wa 18/08/1977 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda cyakoreshwaga igihe icyaha cyakorwaga, igateganya uburyo ibyo bihano bigabanywa hakurikijwe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [18] Urukiko rurasanga mu miburanire ye mu nkiko zibanza, Hagenimana Jean Bosco ataravugishaga ukuri, ahubwo agashaka gukingira nyina ikibaba atavugauko ibintu byagenze, ariko ageze muri uru Rukiko, ibyo guca hirya no hino yarabiretse, icyaha aracyemera, agenda asobanura uruhare rwe mu ikorwa ryacyo n’icyabimuteye, akaba yaragaragaje umutima wo kwicuza asaba imbabazi, Urukiko rukaba rusanga ukwemera kwe kudashidikanywaho. [19] Urukiko rurasanga n’ubwo yemereye icyaha mu bujurire, bitaba impamvu yo kutamugabanyiriza igihano kuko nkuko byavuzwe kuri Mukamwiza Vérédiane, nta gihe ntarengwa cyagenwe n’itegeko cyo kuba uregwa yakwemera icyaha. [20] Ku bijyanye n’igabanyagihano, Urukiko rurasanga hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 71 y’Itegeko Ngenga nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy‘amategeko ahana ivuga ko Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uko uhanwa yakoze icyaha, ashingiye ku mpamvu zabimuteye, uko uwakoze icyaha yari asanzwe yitwara, uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo n‘imibereho ye bwite, Hagenimana Jean Bosco akwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano ariko bitari cyane kubera ko n’ubwo uwo mugambi yawushowemo na nyina, ariko yabaye umufatanyacyaha mu kwiyicira umubyeyi. [21] Urukiko rurasanga hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa, Hagenimana Jean Bosco yagabanyirizwa agahabwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO. [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Hagenimana Jean Bosco na Mukamwiza Vérédiane bufite ishingiro; [23] Ruhanishije Mukamwiza Vérédiane igifungo cy’imyaka 20; [24] Ruhanishije Hagenimana Jean Bosco igifungo cy’imyaka 15; [25] Ruvuze ko urubanza RP 0001/10/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 29/12/2011 ruhindutse gusa ku bihano Mukamwiza Vérédiane na Hagenimana Jean Bosco bahawe;

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[26] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’uru rubanza aherera mu Isanduku ya Leta.