NGOGA v KAYUMBA

# NGOGA v KAYUMBA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-02-11 - Case/document no.: RC 00002/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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1 NGOGA v. KAYUMBA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RC 00002/2021/CA (Nyirandabaruta P.J.) 11 Gashyantare 2022] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano – ikirego cy’ihutirwa – Umuntu ureze undi mu kirego kihutirwa ataramureze mu kirego cy’iremezo, icyo kirego nticyakirwa kuko kiba gitanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’Amategeko. Incamake y’ikibazo:Uru rubanza rwatangiye abana bakomoka ku mugore mukuru wa Ngoboka aribo Mukangoga na Mugiramana barega abana yabyaranye n’abandi bagore 2 yashatse nyuma yuko umugore mukuru yahukanye, basaba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuzungura umutungo wa se utaragurishwa no kugabana amafaranga yavuye mu mutungo wagurishijwe hiyongereyeho n’inyungu ziyakomokaho. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwategetse uburwo umutungo Ngoboka yasize ugomba kugabanwa. Abareze ntibishimiye imikirize yurwo rubanza, bajuririra Urukiko Rukuru bavuga ko umutungo wose ari uw’abashyingiranywe, ko abana batavuka ku isezerano bagomba kuzungura ku ruhande rwa se gusa kuko Ngoboka na Nikuze batigeze batandukana cyangwa ngo bagabane umutungo, bavuga kandi ko nubwo umutungo wari wanditse ku bagore ba Ngoboka batari abisezerano, wari uwe.bongeraho ko imitungo yihariwe n’abaregwa, iyagurishijwe mu buryo butari bwo yagaruzwa. Abaregwa nabo batanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi.Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite, ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza rwajuririwe, ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bufite ishingiro. Mukangoga na Mugiramana nanone ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, bajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire bavuga ko hakwiye kurebwa niba Nikuze na Ngoboka bari basangiye umutungo cyangwa se wari uwa Ngoboka gusa ku buryo yari afite uburenganzira bwo kuwutanga uko yishakiye no kumenya uko wazungurwa. Muri uru rubanza hagobotsemo Ngoga Placide ahagarariye inyungu za se Ngoga Jean-Paul witabye Imana akaba avukana n’abareze kwa se na nyina. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko kugoboka kwa Ngoga gufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; ko mu izungura ry’imitungo yagurishijwe, buri ruhande ruherezwaho umutungo rwagurishije, bityo ko n’amasezerano y’ubugure yakozwe kuri iyo mitungo yasabirwaga guseswa agumana agaciro kayo. Indi mitugo rutegeka uko igomba kugabanywa. Nyuma y’uko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruciye urwo rubanza Ngoga Placide yatanze ikirego na none mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya hashingiwe ku buhamya bwa Rucibigango na Karamba, avuga ko bwabonetse nyuma y’icibwa ryarwo, hanyuma yuririra kuri icyo kirego atanga ikirego cyihutirwa, arega Umuhesha w’inkiko witwa Kayumba , asaba ko irangizwa ry’urubanza yasabye ko rusubirishwamo rihagarara. Ngoga Placide avuga ko ikirego yatanze gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ingingo nshya harimo ababuranyi 11, ariko Kayumba atari muri abo. Akavuga ko n’ubwo Kayumba atari mu baregwa mu kirego cy’iremezo ariko ko, icyo kirego gihari kandi nawe kimureba, kubera ko

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2 abaregwa muri urwo rubanza aribo bamuhaye ubutumwa bwo kururangiza, avuga ahubwo ko, abo baburanyi bandi nabo bagahamagazwa mu kirego kihutirwa. Urukiko rwemeje ko Kuba Ngoga yarareze Kayumba mu kirego cyihutirwa nta rubanza bafitanye mu kirego cy’iremezo, bigaragaza ko icyo kirego cyihutirwa cyatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kikaba kitagomba kwakirwa. Incamake y’icyemezo : Umuntu ureze undi mu kirego kihutirwa ataramureze mu kirego cy’iremezo, icyo kirego nticyakirwa kuko kiba gitanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Utanze ikirego cyo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya akacyuririraho agatanga ikirego kihutirwa, agomba kugaragaza ko uwo arega mu kirego kihutirwa yabaye umuburanyi mu rubanza asaba gusubirishamo. Ikirego kihutirwa nticyakiriwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111, 185. Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ngoboka Jean yashakanye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko na Nikuze Ancille mu mwaka wa 1969, babyarana abana batatu ari bo: Mukangoga Marie Louise, Mugiramana Rosine na Ngoga Jean-Paul utakiriho. Nikuze Ancille yaje kwahukana mu mwaka wa 1975, ntiyongera kubana n’umugabo kugeza ubwo yishwe muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994. Hagati aho, Ngoboka Jean yashatse abandi bagore babiri ari bo Mwanayire Jeanne d’Arc na Kankindi Marie, bose babyarana abandi bana, nawe aza gupfa mu mwaka wa 2000 azize indwara. [2] Mu izungura ry’umutungo Ngoboka Jean yasize haje kuvuka ikibazo, Mukangoga Marie Louise na Mugiramana Rosine batanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, barega abavandimwe babo bakomoka kuri Ngoboka Jean na Mwanayire Jeanne d’Arc na Kankindi Marie, aribo: Muteteri Germaine,Umutarutwa Françoise, Hitiyise Jean-Luc, Tuyisenge Irenée, Mukamazimpaka Josiane, Niyonsenga Alice, Utamuliza Macline, Mushimire Dusenge Didier , Musabirema Jackson, Uwera Cyuzuzo na Mugiraneza Eric, basaba kuzungura umutungo wa se utaragurishwa no kugabana amafaranga yavuye mu mutungo wagurishijwe hiyongereyeho n’inyungu ziyakomokaho, muri urwo rubanza hagobokeshwa Murenzi Théoneste, Bapfakurera Robert, Nkurunziza Emmanuel na Nyirinkindi Jean- Marie Vianney. [3] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge mu rubanza RC0125/14/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 13/01/2015, rwategetse uburwo umutungo Ngoboka Jean yasize ugomba kugabanwa, Mukangoga Marie-Louise na Mugiramana Rosine, ntibabyishimira, bajuririra Urukiko Rukuru bavuga ko

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3 umutungo wose ari uw’abashyingiranywe, ko abana batavuka ku isezerano bagomba kuzungura ku ruhande rwa se gusa kuko Ngoboka Jean na Nikuze Ancille batigeze batandukana cyangwa ngo bagabane umutungo, ko umutungo n’ubwo wari wanditse ku bagore ba Ngoboka Jean, wari uwe, banavuga ko imitungo yihariwe n’abaregwa, iyagurishijwe mu buryo butari bwo yagaruzwa, Muteteri Germaine, Umutarutwa Françoise, Hitiyise Jean-Luc, Tuyisenge Irenée, Niyonsenga Alice, Utamuliza Macline na Mugiraneza Eric nabo batanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi. [4] Mu rubanza RCA0060/15/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 24/03/2016, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite, ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza rwajuririwe, ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa Muteteri Germaine, Umutarutwa Françoise, Hitiyise Jean- Luc, Tuyisenge Irenée, Niyonsenga Alice, Utamuliza Macline na Mugiraneza Eric bufite ishingiro. [5] Mukangoga Marie-Louise na Mugiramana Rosine nanone ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, bajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire bavuga ko hakwiye kurebwa niba Nikuze Ancille na Ngoboka Jean bari basangiye umutungo cyangwa se wari uwa Ngoboka Jean gusa ku buryo yari afite uburenganzira bwo kuwutanga uko yishakiye no kumenya uko wazungurwa. Muri uru rubanza hagobotsemo Ngoga Placide ahagarariye inyungu za se Ngoga Jean-Paul (umwana wa Ngoboka Jean na Nikuze Ancille) witabye Imana, ubujurire bwabo buhabwa RCAA00029/2018/CA. [6] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaciye urwo rubanza ku wa 16/07/2021, rwemeza ko kugoboka kwa Ngoga Placide gufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; ko mu izungura ry’imitungo yagurishijwe, buri ruhande ruherezwaho umutungo rwagurishije, bityo ko n’amasezerano y’ubugure yakozwe kuri iyo mitungo yasabirwaga guseswa agumana agaciro kayo; rwategetse ko umutungo ubaruwe kuri UPI: 2124 ugizwe n’ishyamba riherereye kuri Mont Kigali, Ngoboka Jean yahahanye na Nikuze Ancille ugomba kugabanywamo kabiri, kimwe cya kabiri (½) kigahabwa abana ba Nikuze Ancille nk’uruhare rwa nyina naho ikindi kimwe cya kabiri (½) kikagabanywa ku buryo bungana abana ba Ngoboka Jean bose maze Ngoga Jean-Paul wapfuye agahagararirwa n’abazungura be. [7] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwategetse kandi ko imitungo igizwe na UPI: 1/03/09/03/308 uherereye mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umurenge wa Niboye, Akagari ka Nyakabanda, Umudugudu w’Inyarurembo, UPI: 1/01/01/06/108 na UPI: 1/01/01/06/109 iherereye mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, Umurenge wa Gitega, Akagari ka Kora yanditse kuri Ngoboka Jean wenyine igabanwa ku buryo bungana n’abana bose bamukomokaho bakiriho, naho Ngoga Jean-Paul wapfuye agahagararirwa n’abazungura be. [8] Nyuma y’uko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruciye urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA ku wa 16/07/2021 NGOGA Placide yatanze ikirego muri uru Rukiko asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya zishingiye ku buhamya bwa Rucibigango Robert na Karamba Jean Claude umwana wa nyakwigendera Karangwa Charles, avuga ko bwabonetse nyuma y’icibwa ryarwo, ikirego cye gihabwa RS/REV/RC 00001/2021/CA. Yuririye kuri icyo kirego ku wa 06/12/2021, NGOGA Placide yatanze ikirego cyihutirwa, arega Umuhesha w’inkiko witwa Kayumba Godfrey, asaba ko irangizwa ry’urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA ryahagarara. [9] Iburanisha ryabereye mu ruhame ku wa 04/02/2022, Ngoga Placide yunganiwe na Me Hakizimana Gerard naho Kayumba Godfrey yunganiwe na Me Mugabo Samuel, Urukiko rubyutsa inzitizi ijyanye n’iyakirwa ry’ikirego cyihutirwa cyatanzwe na Ngoga Placide.

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4 II. IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Ku byerekeye iyakirwa ry’ikirego cyihutirwa cyatanzwe na NGOGA Placide [10] Ngoga Placide avuga ko mu rubanza ku kirego yatanze gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA ingingo nshya harimo ababuranyi bagera kuri 11, ariko Kayumba Godfrey atari muri abo. Avuga ariko ko n’ubwo Kayumba Godefrey atari mu baregwa mu kirego cy’iremezo, icyo kirego gihari kandi nawe kimureba kubera ko abaregwa muri urwo rubanza aribo bamuhaye ubutumwa bwo kurangiza urubanza, ko rero nta mpamvu yatuma ikirego cyihutirwa yatanze kitakirwa, ahubwo abo baburanyi bandi nabo bagahamagazwa muri uru rubanza. [11] Me Hakizimana Gerard wunganira Ngoga Placide, avuga ko ku wa 03/12/2021 umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga Kayumba Godfrey yasohoye itangazo rya cyamunara ku mitungo ivugwa mu rubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya, ibaruye kuri Ngoboka Jean ari nayo yaburanwaga, harimo umutungo UPI: 1/01/01/06/108 na UPI: 1/01/01/06/109, kandi iyo mitungo ikaba ariyo shingiro ryo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya, ko rero Ngoga Placide afite uburenganzira bwo kurega kandi yareze urimo kurangiza urubanza, ko yumva atari inenge y’imiterere y’uru rubanza ahubwo inenge iri mu mwanzuro utanga ikirego wakabaye urimo n’abaregwa mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya, ko iyo nenge Urukiko rukwiriye kuyikosora rushingiye ku ngingo ya 190 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi,iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rukabahamagaza. [12] Kayumba Godfrey na Me Mugabo Samuel umwunganira bavuga ko kuba Kayumba Godfrey ataregwa mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya nta mpamvu yakagombye guhamagarwa muri uru rubanza, ko kuba atagaragara mu kirego cy’iremezo atakagombye guhamagarwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Ingingo ya185 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko: “Iyo hari ikirego cy’iremezo, ariko hagomba kugira icyemezwa by’agateganyo mu buryo bwihuta ku rubanza rwaregewe urukiko rutaraburanishwa, ikirego cyihutirwa gishyikirizwa umucamanza ushinzwe kurangiza impaka zihutirwa w`aho zigomba gukemurirwa hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe bw’ihamagara”. [14] Isesengura ry’iyi ngingo, ryumvikanisha ko ikirego cyihutirwa gitangwa n’umuburanyi, mu bafitanye urubanza, ubona ko ari ngombwa ko hagira icyemezwa by’agateganyo mu buryo bwihuse mu gihe urubanza bafitanye rutaraburanishwa. [15] Mu rubanza RS/REV/RC 00001/2021/CA rw’ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 16/07/2021, ari cyo kirego Ngoga Placide na Me Hakizimana Gerard umwunganira bavuga ko ari ikirego cy’iremezo bahereyeho batanga ikirego cyihutirwa, hareze Ngoga Placide, arega Mukangoga Marie Louise, Mugiramana Rosine,Umuteteri Germaine, Utarutwa Francine, Hitiyise Jean Luc, Tuyisenge Irene,Mukamazimpaka Joseline, Niyonsenga Alice, Mutamuliza Marceline, Musabirema Jacson,

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5 Uwera Cyuzuzo, Mugiraneza Eric, Bapfakurera Robert, Nkurunziza Emmanuel na Nyilinkindi Jean Marie Vianney. [16] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Kayumba Godfrey warezwe mu kirego cyihutirwa atari umuburanyi mu rubanza RS/REV/RC 00001/2021/CA rw’ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 16/07/2021, ntaho Ngoga Placide na Avoka we bahera bavuga ko ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya ari cyo kirego cy’iremezo cyashingiweho hatangwa ikirego cyihutirwa, kuko nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 185 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/29018 ryavuzwe haruguru, kandi byasobanuwe mu isesengura ry’iyo ngingo, ikirego cyihutirwa gishobora gutangwa n’umwe mu baburanyi basanzwe bafitanye urubanza mu kirego cy’iremezo kandi kitaraburanishwa. Kuba rero Ngoga Placide yarareze Kayumba Godfrey mu kirego cyihutirwa nta rubanza bafitanye mu kirego cy’iremezo, bigaragaza ko icyo kirego cyihutirwa cyatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kikaba kitagomba kwakirwa. [17] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Ngoga Placide na Avoka we bavuga ko Urukiko rushobora gukosora inyandiko yabo itanga ikirego rugahamagaza ababuranyi baregwa mu rubanza RS/REV/RC00001/2021/CA rusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 16/07/2021, ikirego cyabo cyihutirwa kikakirwa, batagaragaza aho babishingira, kuko ingingo ya 190 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru bashingiraho, ntaho ihuriye n’ibyo bavuga, kuko iteganya ibijyanye n’itangwa ry’ikirego cy’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe, itavuga uburyo urukiko rushobora gukosora inyandiko y’umuburanyi itanga ikirego. [18] Rusanga rero ikirego cyihutirwa NGOGA Placide yatanze kidashobora kwakirwa kuko cyatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Ku bijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka [19] Kayumba Godfrey na Me Mugabo Samuel umwunganira bashingiye ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, basaba Urukiko gutegeka Ngoga Placide kumuha1.500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuko adashobora kuzana Avoka mu Rukiko atishyuye. [20] Me Hakizimana Gérard avuga ko Ngoga Placide nta mafaranga akwiye gucibwa kuko yari afite uburenganzira bwo kurega urimo guteza cyamunara imitungo iburanwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [21] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”.

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6 [22] Urukiko rusanga kuba Kayumba Godfrey yarashatse Avoka umwunganira muri uru rubanza, kandi bikagaragara ko yamuburaniye, ndetse n’abamureze ubwabo bakaba bemera ko atari akwiye guhamagazwa muri uru rubanza n’ubwo bongera bakivuguruza bavuga ko bari bafite uburenganzira bwo kumurega, akwiye kugenerwa amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza, ariko akagenwa mu bushishozi bw’urukiko kuko ayo yasabye ari menshi kandi aterekana ko ari yo yatanze koko, bityo akaba agenewe 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 100.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Ngoga Placide kitakiriwe; [24] Rutegetse Ngoga Placide kwishyura Kayumba Godfrey 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 100.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza.