UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BIGIRIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BIGIRIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-07-15 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00017/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BIGIRIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00017/2021/CA, (Gakwaya, P.J.) 15 Nyakanga 2022] Amategeko nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Impamvu nkomezacyaha – Ubugome bukabije bwakoranywe icyaha butuma hatabaho kugabanya igihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi, busobanura ko yishe abana be babiri umwe w’imyaka icumi (10) n’undi w’imyaka umunani (8), abahaye umuti witwa RAVA usanzwe ukoreshwa mu buhinzi bw’inyanya mu kwica udukoko. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha, avuga ko nyuma yaho atandukaniye n’umugore we wa mbere, ariwe nyina wabo bana be yishe, yazanye umugore wa kabiri witwa Mukeshimana, nawe aza kuva mu rugo aragenda, agiye kumugarura arabyanga, amubwira ko azagaruka ari uko abo bana batagihari, bituma afata umwanzuro mubi wo kujya kugura uwo muti, abigiririwemo inama n’uwo mugore, araza awusuka mu dukombe tubiri (2), awuha abana ababeshya ko abavura inzoka, bawunyweye bahita bapfa. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko ahabwa igihano gihanitse, asaba ko Urukiko rwashingira ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha nk’icyo no kuba nta mugambi yari afite wo kwica. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Uregwa yarongeye ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko impamvu ze z’ubujurire ari ugutakambira uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha kuva mu ntangiriro, kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’Inkiko. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko ku bijyanye n’ibivugwa n’uregwa ko hirengagijwe ukwemera icyaha kwe no kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, byatumye atagagabanyirizwa igihano, nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa, kuko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwibukije ko nta tegeko rihatira Umucamanza kugabanya igihano kubera ko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ko ashobora kugabanya igihano bitewe n’uko abibona. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ubugome bukabije bwakoranywe icyaha butuma hatabaho kugabanya igihano, bityo nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwakoze ryo kwanga kugabanyiriza Bigirimana igihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 49 n’iya 58.

## Page 2

Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza [1] Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranyeho Bigirimana Jean Bosco icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, busobanura ko ku wa 28/9/2018 yishe abana be babiri Iranzi Jean-Claude w’imyaka icumi (10) na Irizabimbuto Carine w’imyaka umunani (8), abahaye umuti witwa RAVA usanzwe ukoreshwa mu buhinzi bw’inyanya mu kwica udukoko. [2] Bigirimana Jean Bosco yaburanye yemera icyaha, avuga ko nyuma yaho atandukaniye n’umugore we wa mbere, ariwe nyina wabo bana be yishe, yazanye umugore wa kabiri witwa Mukeshimana Solange, nawe aza kuva mu rugo aragenda, agiye kumugarura arabyanga, amubwira ko azagaruka ari uko abo bana batagihari, bituma afata umwanzuro mubi wo kujya kugura uwo muti, abigiririwemo inama n’uwo mugore, araza awusuka mu dukombe tubiri (2), awuha abana ababeshya ko abavura inzoka, bawunyweye bahita bapfa. [3] Mu rubanza no RP 00485/2018/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 24/10/2018, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, rushingiye ku mvugo za Bigirimana Jean Bosco waburanye yemera icyaha no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya batandukanye bamushinja, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [4] Bigirimana Jean Bosco ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko ahabwa igihano gihanitse, asaba ko Urukiko rwashingira ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha nk’icyo no kuba nta mugambi yari afite wo kwica abana be, ko ahubwo byaturutse kuri mukase wabo bana (belle-mère) Mukeshimana Solange. [5] Mu rubanza no RPA 00680/2018/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 8/5/2020, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Bigirimana Jean Bosco nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza no RP 00485/2018/TGI/NYG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare idahindutse mu ngingo zose. [6] Bigirimana Jean Bosco ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/6/2020, avuga ko impamvu ze z’ubujurire ari ugutakambira uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha kuva mu ntangiriro, kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’Inkiko. Mu mwanzuro wabo wo ku wa 16/6/2022, Ubushinjacyaha busaba Urukiko gusuzuma ibirebana n’igihe BIGIRIMANA Jean Bosco yajuriye kuko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 181 y’Itegeko n˚ 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, atubahirije ibihe byemewe n’amategeko. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe ku wa 5/7/2022 hifashishijwe uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga Video conference, Bigirimana Jean Bosco yunganirwa na Me Rwabigwi Augustin, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwanziga Lydie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu.

## Page 3

[8] Kuri iyo tariki, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasuzumye mbere na mbere inzitizi yatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha yo kutakira ubujurire bwa Bigirimana Jean Bosco kuko yabutanze impitagihe, rufata icyemezo cyo kwakira ubwo bujurire kuko Bigirimana Jean Bosco yagombaga gusomerwa ku wa 26/3/2020 ariko Leta ifata icyemezo cy’uko abantu bagomba kuguma mu rugo mu rwego rwo kubahiriza ingamba zo kwirinda icyorezo cya COVID 19, aza gusomerwa ku wa 8/5/2020, cyakora muri dosiye hakaba nta kigaragaraza ko yamenyeshejwe iryo somwa, ahubwo nk’uko abivuga amenyeshwa ku wa 16/6/2020, ajurira ku wa 17/6/2020. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO Kumenya niba Bigirimana Jean Bosco yagabanyirizwa igihano. [9] Bigirimana Jean Bosco avuga ko kuva agifatwa kugera imbere y’inkiko yemeye icyaha asobanura uburyo yagikoze, abisabira imbabazi, ariko ntibyahabwa agaciro ntiyagabanyirizwa igihano, kandi ari n’ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha, akaba ariyo mpamvu atakambira Urukiko rw’Ubujurire arusaba kumugabanyiriza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe. Akomeza avuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 58, 59 na 60, agace kayo ka mbere n’aka gatatu z’Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, asaba uru Rukiko gushingira ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza no RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 4/12/2019 aho rwemeje ko uwakoze icyaha akorohereza ubutabera kuva mu ntangiriro agabanyirizwa igihano, ko rero nawe asanga bimureba kuko kuva yafatwa yemeye icyaha. [10] Me Rwabigwi Augustin, yunganira Bigirimana Jean Bosco, avuga ko Inkiko zabanje zutasuzumye impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ishingiye ku kuba kuva mu ntangiriro yaremeye icyaha, akakicuza, ndetse akagisabira imbabazi, kandi ko zitasobanuye impamvu yatumye Bigirimana Jean Bosco atagabanyirizwa igihano. [11] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ku bijyanye n’ibivugwa na Bigirimana Jean Bosco ko hirengagijwe ukwemera icyaha kwe no kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, byatumye atagagabanyirizwa igihano, nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa, kuko mu gika cya cumi na gatandatu (16) kugeza mu gika cya cumi n’umunani (18) by’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwibukije ko nta tegeko rihatira Umucamanza kugabanya igihano kubera ko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ko ashobora kugabanya igihano bitewe n’uko abibona. Rwibutsa kandi ko nk’uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwabibonye Bigirimana Jean Bosco atagabanyirizwa igihano bitewe n’ubugome yagaragaje ubwo yicaga abana be abanje kubigambirira. [12] Ubushinjacyaha bukomeza buvuga kandi ko n’ubwo Bigirimana Jean Bosco avuga ko yemeye icyaha kuva mu ntangiriro ku buryo budashidikanywaho, atari ukuri, kuko yabanje kujijisha abeshya ko abana be bishwe n’ubugari yabagaburiye, ariko akanyomozwa n’umwana we wari uri gusamba, wabwiye abatabaye ko ise yabahaye uwo muti, ndetse n’udukombe yawubahereyemo tukaba twarafatiwe aho. [13] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga na none ko ahubwo Bigirimana Jean Bosco yakabaye agaragaza ibyo anenga urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana nk’uko n’ingingo ya 183 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize

## Page 4

y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ibiteganya, ndetse akanatanga ibimenyetso ashingiraho asaba ko ayo makosa yakosorwa, ko rero kuba atarabigaragaje ari uko ntabihari. [14] Ubushinjacyaha busoza buvuga ko Bigirimana Jean Bosco adakwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko icyo yahawe n’Inkiko zabanje gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze cyo kwica nabi abana be, kandi ko igihano yahawe ari igiteganywa n’amategeko, ko kandi nta yindi mpamvu agaragaza yatuma icyo gihano kigabanywa, ko ibyo ari nako byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 0O21/14/CS-RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe ku wa 13/11/2017, aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko iyo icyaha cyakoranywe ubugome bukabije byaba impamvu yo kutagabanyirizwa igihano1. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo (…)’’. [16] Ingingo ya 58, igika cya mbere, y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ko “Umucamanza ubwe ni we ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro’’. Igika cya kabiri cy’iyo ngingo giteganya ko “Kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bigomba gusobanurwa mu cyemezo cy’urukiko’’. [17] Nk’uko bigaragara guhera mu gace ka cumi na kane (14) kugeza ku ka cumi n’umunani (18) tw’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasobanuye ko umucamanza adategetswe byanze bikunze gushingira ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ngo agabanye igihano, ko ingingo ya 35 y’Itegeko no 30/2013 ryo ku wa 24/5/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, iteganya ko umucamanza ashobora kugabanya igihano, ko ariko Umushingamategeko atabigize ihame, bivuze ko yabikora cyangwa ntabikore. Rwasobanuye kandi ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018, igihe Bigirimana Jean Bosco yakoraga icyaha cyo kwica abana be, nta gahato yashyizweho, yari afite imyaka yo kuba yahitamo ikiza cyangwa ikibi, kandi yari umuntu muzima mu mutwe (a person with a sound mind), ko rero ibivugwa na Bigirimana Jean Bosco ko kwica abana be byatewe n’umugore (belle mère) wamubwiye ko atazagaruka mu rugo abo bana bakihaba, nta shingiro bifite. [18] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Bigirimana Jean Bosco yabajijwe mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 30/9/2018 asobanura uburyo yaguze umuti witwa RAVA bashyira mu nyanya, awugura amafaranga (1.400 Frw), awushyira mu gakombe, awuha abana be Iranzi Jean-Claude w’imyaka icumi (10) na Irizabimbuto Carine w’imyaka umunani (8), ababeshya ko uvura inzoka, barawunywa, bahita bapfa. [19] Nk’uko bigaragara mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire bwa Bigirimana Jean Bosco, avuga ko yemeye icyaha kuva mu ntangiriro ko ndetse ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha ariko Urukiko rwabanje rukaba rwarirengagije izo mpamvu nyororoshyacyaha ze ntirwamugabanyiriza igihano. 1 Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko, V.4 [2018], RLR., P.125

## Page 5

[20] Isesengura ry’ingingo ya 58 n’iya 49 z’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru ryumvikanisha ko umucamanza mu bushishozi bwe asuzuma impamvu nyoroshyacyaha (circonstances atténuantes judiciaires ou causes judiciaires d’atténuation), akazisobanura, akemeza ko koko zoroshya uburemere bw’icyaha kandi ko zikwiye gushingirwaho. Iyo amaze kwemeza ko zashingirwaho atanga igihano kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rushingiye ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, rurasanga nk’uko byasobanuwe, Urukiko rudategetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo rugabanyirize uregwa igihano, ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo, kandi rushobora kwanga kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo, ari nabyo Urukiko rubanza rwakoze. Rurasanga kandi ihame y’amategeko nshinjabyaha yigisha ko Umucumanza adategetswe gusobanura impamvu yatumye atemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yagaragajwe n’uregwa, ahubwo mu gihe yemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha runaka afite inshingano yo kubisobanura. [22] Ku bireba Bigirimana Jean Bosco, n’ubwo yemeye icyaha aregwa, ndetse akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha nk’uko abivuga, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwanze kumugabanyiriza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, harebwe impamvu zasobanuwe guhera mu gace ka cumi na kane (14) kugeza mu gace ka cumi n’umunani (18) tw’urubanza rujuririrwa, bivuze ko urwo Rukiko rutirengagije impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, ahubwo rwasanze mu bushishozi bwarwo uko kwemera icyaha kwe no kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha bitamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha cyangwa ngabanya gihano, rurebye uburemere bw’icyaha yahamijwe, n’uburyo yagikoze abanje kukigambirira, nk’uko binagaragara mu bisobanuro bye byagarutsweho haruguru, aho agaragaza uburyo yagiye kugura umuti, akawuzana mu rugo, akawusuka mu gakombe, akawuha abana be bagapfa, uru rukurikirane rw’ibikorwa bye, bikaba byerekana neza uburyo yari yamamaraje (déterminer) kwica abana be. [23] Rushingiye ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwakoze ryo kwanga kugabanyiriza Bigirimana Jean Bosco igihano, harebwe ubugome bukabije yagikoranye n’inyungu za sosiyete muri rusange, hanagendewe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 yagarutsweho haruguru, bityo icyemezo cyarwo cyo kutamugabanyiriza igihano kikaba kigomba kugumaho. [24] Kubera izo mpamvu, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru byose, ubujurire bwa Bigirimana Jean Bosco nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [25] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Bigirimana Jean Bosco nta shingiro bufite. [26] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00680/2018/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 8/5/2020 n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rujuririrwa, rudahindutse. [27] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.